2023年人教版八下英语期末复习提纲.pdf

新目标八年级英语下全册复习提纲 Unit 1 Will people have robots?1.in the future 在将来 2.live to(be)years old 活到 岁 3.in 100 years 100 years from now 一百年后 4.free time 空闲时间 be free 免费；自由 5.talk about 谈论，谈及，谈到 6.high school 高中 puter programmer 电脑程序员 8.on a space station 太空站 9.fall in love with 爱上 10.go skating 去滑冰 11.be able to 能，会 12.I disagree=I don t agree 我不同意 agree with sb.同意某人的意见 13.the World Cup 世界杯 14.keep pets 养宠物 15.job interview 工作面试 16.flyto 乘坐 飞往 e true 实现，成为现实 18.see sb.do sth.看见某人做了某事 see sb doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 19.ones own 某人自己的 my own pen 20.science fiction movies 科幻影片 21.help(sb.)with sth.帮助（某人）做某事 22.hundreds of 数百，成百上千的 23.the same as 和 相同 24.wake up 醒来；唤醒 26.try to do sth.试图做某事，尽力做某事 27.get bored 变得厌倦 28.over and over(again)一次又一次，再三地 29.make predictions 做预测 30.predict the future 预测未来 31.look for 寻找 32.the head of.的老板 33.make sb do sth 使某人做某事 34.be used by 被用 35.less pollution 更少的污染 36.live alone 单独居住 37.be in different shapes 形状不同 38.as a reporter 作为记者 39.some.others.一些 另一些 40.live in an apartment 住在公寓 41.dress casually 穿得很随意 本单元目标句型：1.What do you think life will be like in 100 years?2.There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.few（修饰可数名词）；less（修饰不可数名词）表示几乎没有，有否定之意，；more 二者都可以修饰。3.Will kids go to school?No,they wont/Yes,they will。4.Predicting the future can be difficult.5.I need to look smart for my job interview.6.I will be able to dress more casually.7.I think Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation,and one day I might even visit Australia.8.What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?9.That may not seem possible now,but computers,space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.本单元语法讲解 一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表将来的时间连用，本时态标志词：1.含 tomorrow;next week/month/year;in the future;in 2020；2.in+一段时间；3.how soon；3.祈使句句型中：or/and sb.will do 4.在时间/条件状语从句中,如果从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时 表示将来时的常见句式：1.用 be doing 表示将来：主要是表示按计划，安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置移动的动词；如 come,go,leave,arrive,fly,move,start,等，也可以用其他动词。Im doing my homework tomorrow.2.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。如：He is going to write a letter tonight.3.be going to 表示 已有迹象表明即将发生的某种情况。Look at the clouds.Its going to rain.4.在有条件从句的主句中，多用 will,如：例 Be quick,or you will be late.=If you dont be quick,you will be late.Unit 2 What should I do?1.keep out 不准进，阻止进入 2.argue with sb.和 争吵 argue about sth.为 争吵 3.out of style 过时的，不时髦的 in style 流行的，时髦的 4.call sb.up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.给.打电话(代词放中间）5.give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.给某人某物(bring,lend,pass,sell,send,show,take,等与 give 一样)6.a ticket to a ball game 一张球赛的门票(与 ticket 类似的名词有：an answer to the question,a key to the door)7.talk on the phone 在电话中/用电话交谈 8.pay for 付 的款 9.a part-time job 一份兼职工作 10.borrow from 从 借(进)11.lend to 把 借（出去）给 12.ask sb.for sth.向 要 ask sb.for help 向某人求助 ask sb.(not)to do sth.要求某人（不）做某事 13.bake sale 面包或糕饼售买活动 14.Teen Talk 青少年论坛 15.buy sb.sth.=buy sth for sb.买 给 16.the same as 和 一样的 17.tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人（不要）做某事 18.want sb.to do sth=would like sb.to do sth.想某人做某事 19.find out 发现；查明；核实 20.do sth.wrong 做错某事 21.invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事 22.be angry with 生 的气 23.pass/fail the test 通过考试/考试不及格 24.get on well/badly with 和 相处得好（差）25.have a fight with sb.=fight with sb.与某人打架 26.fit in/into 把 安排在 27.not until 直到 才 28.as as possible=as as sb.can 尽可能 plain about doing sth 抱怨，埋怨做某事 complain to sb 抱怨某人 30.take part in=join in 参加（某种活动/集会）join 参加团体、组织 31.all kinds of 各种各样的 pare with 拿 和 比较 33.on the one hand 一方面 34.on the other hand 另一方面 35.by oneself=on ones own 某人自己，独自地 36.be surprised at 对 感到吃惊 37.get a tutor 请家教 38.include(doing)sth 包括（做）某事 39.give sb some advice(不可数)/suggestions(可数名词）给某人一些建议 40.find+it+形容词+to do sth.”表示”发现做某事 41.organized activities 有组织的活动 42.be busy with sth 忙于某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 43.learn to do 学做某事 44.under pressure 在压力下 45.be the same age as sb.=as old as sb.和某人同龄 46.its time for sb.To do sth.=its time for sth.该到做某事的时候了 47.take from to 把 从 带到 48.write sb.a letter=write a letter to sb=write to sb.给某人写信 49.push sb too hard 强逼某人 50.forget sth 忘记某事 51.leave sth somewhere（某地）将某物忘在某地 本单元目标句型：1.Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter?2.What should I do?我该怎么办 3.You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信.You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.4.They shouldnt argue.他们不应该争吵.5.Why dont you talk to him abou t it?=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=What/How about talking to him about it.=Youd better talk to him about it.6.The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.本单元语法总结：情态动词有 can(could),may(might),must,have to,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),ought to 等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 一、can,could 1)表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）此时可用 be able to 代替。Can 只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而 be able to 则有更多的时态。Ill not be able to come this afternoon.2)表示请求和允许。-Can I go now?-Yes,you can./No,you cant.此时可与 may 互换。在疑问句中还可用 could 二、may,might 表示请求和允许。might 比 may 语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用 cant 或 mustnt，表 示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/May I smoke in this room?-No,you mustnt.三、must,have to 1)表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用 mustnt（禁止，不准），而用 neednt,dont have to（不 必）.-Must we hand in our exercise books today?-Yes,you must.-No,you dont have to/you neednt.2)must 是说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则强调客观需要。Must 只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时 态 形式。1.he play isnt interesting,I really must go now.2.I had to work when I was your age.3)表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1 Youre Toms good friend,so you must know what he likes best.四、Need 既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，但是它们的用法不同。1）need 作情态动词，后跟动词原形。表示“需要”或“必须”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。1 You neednt do it again 你不需要再做了。2 He neednt worry about it 这件事他无需担心。2）“need”作为实义动词时，通常用法是：人 need to do 物 need doing 物 need to be done 1.We need to tell him the truth我们需要告诉他真相。2.The flowers need watering这些花需要浇水。3.His leather shoes needs to be mended他的皮鞋需要修补。五、shall,should 1）shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?2)should 表示劝告、建议和命令。You should go to class right away.六、will,would 1)表示请求、建议等，would 更委婉。Will/Would you pass me the ball,please?2)表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again.Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1.in front of 在（范围之外）的前面 in the front of 在（范围之内）的前面 2.barber shop 理发店 3.get out of 到 外，离开 4.walk down/along 沿 走 5.call the police 报警 6.take off(飞机)起飞；脱（衣帽）7.an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历 8.the Museum of Flight 航空博物馆 9.take photos 照相 10.a police officer 警官 11.run away 跑开，逃跑 12.walk around 四处走走 13.think about 考虑，思考，回想 14.Beijing International Airport 北京国际机场 15.at the doctors 在医务室，在诊所 16.in the hospital 在医院工作 in hospital 生病住院 17.in history 在历史上 19.hear about/of 听说，得知 20.ask sb.(not)to do sth.叫某人（不要）做某事 21.in silence 沉默不语 22.take place（有计划、有安排）发生 happen(意外)发生 sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做了某事 sth happens to sb 某事发生在了某人的身上 23.the World Trade Center 世贸中心（美国）24.in space 在太空 25.a national hero 民族英雄 26.all over the world=around the world 全世界 27.You are kidding.你在开玩笑 28.follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事 29.shout at 向某人大喊（不礼貌）30.shout to 向某人喊叫（担心听不见）31.jump down 跳下 32.climb up the tree 爬树 33.in a tree 在树上（外来的物）34.on a tree 在树上（树本身的物）35.have fun=enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 36.be destroyed by 被毁坏 be killed 被杀害 37.have meaning to sb 对某人有意义 38.cook dinner 煮饭 39.cut hair 理发 40.outside the station 在车站外 41.sleep late 睡懒觉 42.last about 22 hours 持续约 22 个小时 42.do sth.For the first time 第一次做某事 43.not all 并非所有 44.everyday activity 日常活动 本单元目标句型:1.What were you doing when the UFO landed?当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？2.While my mother was cooking,I was watching TV.当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。3.I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.4.You can image how strange it was.5.I followed it to see where it was going.6.Isnt that amazing!7.She didnt thinking about looking outside the station.8.I was so tired this morning.It was difficult to get out of the bed.本单元语法讲解 过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）句型 主语+was/were+V-ing 否定句 主语+was/were+not+V-ing 一般疑问句 was/were+主语+V-ing 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，标志性词语：at that time/moment,(at)this time yesterday(last night/sunday.),at+点钟+Yesterday(last night/Sunday.),when,while 引导的时间状语从句 1.She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.（昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。）2.When I got up this morning,Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.（今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother。”是主句，“when，”是从句。）When 和 while 的区别 1、when，while 都有“当时候”的意思。when 既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间。在 when 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例如：1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room.她走进我房间时，我正在看书。2、Were you writing when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。2.while 只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在 while 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词 只能 是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例如：1、While Jim was mending his bike,Lin Tao came to see him.正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。2、You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。3、另外，when 和 while 的区别还在于：while 引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而 when 引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例如：1、While they were talking,the bell rang.正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.昨天晚上妈 妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时则表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。I was reading an English novel at 10 last night.我昨天晚上 10 点正在看一本英文小说。I read an English novel at 10 last night.我昨天晚上看了一本英文小说。Unit 4 He said I was hard-working 1.soap opera 肥皂剧，电视（连续）剧 2.on Friday night 在星期五晚上 3.be mad at=be angry with 生 的气 4.have a surprise party for sb 为某人举行一个惊喜晚会 5.not anymore 不再，再也不 not any longer 6.get nervous 变得紧张 7.direct speech 直接引语 reported speech 间接引语 8.first of all 首先 9.do a homework project 做家庭作业 10.pass on 传递 pass sth to sb Pass on the message to sb 向某人传递信息 11.work on 从事，设计，演算，操作 12.be supposed to do sth.被期望（要求）做，应该做 13.be good at doing sth=do well in 擅长 15.report card 成绩单 16.have a(bad)cold 患（重）感冒 17.be in good health=keep/stay healthy 身体健康 18.end-of-year exams 学年考试 19.have a big fight with 和 大打一架 21.forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做了某事 22.get over 克服，恢复，原谅 23.a poor mountain village 一个贫穷的山村 24.sound like+n 听起来像 25.Graduate from 从 毕业 26.In the mail 在邮箱里 27.Its a good idea for sb to do sth 某人去做某事是一个好主意 28.Chinas rural areas 中国的偏远地区 29.sea level 海平面 above sea level 海拔 30.the thin air 稀薄的空气 31.agree with sb./sth.同意,与 相符（一致）32.both and 两者都 33.finish doing sth 完成做某事 34.open up 打开，展开，开发，揭露 open up ones eyes to 开拓某人的视野到.35.a good start 一个良好的开端 36.care for look after=take care of 照料，照 顾，计较，关心 37.in danger 处于危险之中 38.start a bad habbit 养成一个坏习惯 39.copy one s homework 抄袭某人的做业 40.send one s love 问好 41.find science really difficult 发现科学真的很难 42.make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事 43.decide to do sth 决定做某事 44.there is no difference between.and.在.和.之间没有区别 45.its just that.只不过，只是 46.be over 结束，完成 47.in the city of.市 48.a one-year program 一个一年期的项目 49.people who need help 需要帮助的人 50.something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事 本单元目标句型：转述他人话语:What did sb.say?He said I She said sheThey said 1.许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr.Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.2.许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr.Xu said(that)the earth turns around the sun.3.许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.4.许老师说欧洋正在做作业 Mr.Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.5.许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr.Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.6.在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English,Im better at reading than listening.7.情况怎样？Hows it going?8.她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didnt want t o be my best friend anymore.9.I said it would start a bad habit,and that she would do her own work.10.Thats about all the news I have now.Mum and Dad send their love.11.She said helping others changed her life.12.Young people today need to experience different things 13.I can open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.本单元语法讲解 直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。1.时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词 said，asked 等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即 把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如：Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.另外，在过去时的引述动词之后，当转述客观真理或是为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，仍然用一般现在时。The teacher said,light travels much faster than sound.老师说：“光的传播速度比声音快多了。”The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.老师说光的传播速度比声音快多了。时态变化的一般规律：一般现在时 一般过去时；现在进行时 过去进行时；一般将来时 过去将来时；现在完成时 过去完成时；一般过去时 过去完成时 2.人称的变化。人称变化规则“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。即直接引语中的第一人称改为间接引语时与主句的主语保持一致，直接引语中的第二人称改为间接引语时与主句的宾语保持一致，直接引语中的第三人称改为间接引语时人称不变。例：He said,I like it very much.He said that he liked it very much.主语 第一人称 第三人称 He said to me,I broke your CD player.He told me that he had broken my CD player.主语 宾语 第一人称 第二人称 3.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。如：She asked Ja ck,“Where have you been?”She asked Jack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his.（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由 that 引导，可以省略。“I want the blue one.”he told us.“我想要兰色的。”他说。He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。2.疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用 ask,wonder,want to know 等间接疑问句一般有三种：(1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由 whether 或 if 引导。如：“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?”The old man asked.那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。(2).特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。如：“Which room do you live in?”He asked.“你住哪个房间？”他问我。He asked me which room I lived in.他问我住哪个房间。(3).选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由 whether/if or 引导。如：“Is it your bike or Toms?Mum asked.妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。3.祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用 tell，ask，order，beg，request，order 等，而把直接祈使句变成带 to 的不定式短语。如：Jack said,“Please come to my house tomorrow,Mary.”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。“Dont touch anything.”He said.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。4.某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：直接引语 间接引语 today that day now then,at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day/the following day the day after tomorrow two days after,/in two days next week/month etc the next week/month etc last week/month etc the week/month etc.before here there this that these those come go bring take Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1.have a great/good/nice/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 3.end of year party 年终晚会 4.take away 拿走，取走 5.all the time=always 一直，始终，总是 6.ID card 身份证 7.old peoples home 养老院 8.make money 赚钱 9.around the world=all over the world 全世界，世界各地 10.go to college 上大学 11.work hard 努力工作（学习）12.a professional athlete 职业运动员 13.a dream job 理想的职业 14.make a living(by)doing 通过 谋生 do sth for a living 做某事谋生 play sports for a living 靠体育运动为生 15.play sports 进行体育运动=get/do exercise 16.get injured 受伤 17.in fact 事实上，实际上 18.mobile phone 移动电话 19.too much 太多（修饰不可数名词）too many 太多（修饰可数名词复数）much too 太.（修饰形容词或副词）20.laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 21.wear jeans 穿牛仔 22.let sb in/out 让某人进/出 23.half the class 一半的学生 24.have a difficult time with/doing sth 做某事有困难 25.be famous for 因.而著名 26.be famous as 作为 而著名 27.work with 与.打交道；和.一起工作 28.bring sth to.把某物带来.29.watch a video 看录像 30.get an education 接受教育 31.The rul