2021年新课标版英语高考真题练习：专题十 主旨大意.pdf
专 题 十 主 旨 大 意探考情悟真题【考情探究】考频统计主旨大意考点 主旨大意题要求学生在理解全文后归纳文章要点,概括中心思想,因此需要学生能够分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主考卷年份课 标 全 国I课标全国n课标全国1【12019第33题,第35题第 题，第35题第27题2018第27题，第31题第28题，第35题第27题，第35题2017第31题第28题，第31题第28题，第35题2016第35题第32题第35题2015-第28题-内容 题或文章最后的结论，从而找出文章主旨或文章的标题.分析解读1.主旨大意题有一个明显的特点:要求学生通读全文.从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。通常情况下,考查对象分为两大类:即篇章主旨和段落主旨.篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行提问，而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问。2.主旨大意题考查的是学生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求学生必须在充分理解全文的前提下，梳理出整篇文章的主旨大意。它既考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，所以在阅读理解试题中睚度旗对较木。课标全国卷近五年考查主旨大意题的题量相对较少,但考查深度、难度却不断增加.解题时需对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后方可得出正确答案。考查形式由简单的主题归纳变得综合性越来越强，同时文章的跳跃性强.隐含信息增多.常以标题归纳的形式出现，这就要求学生在理解文章主旨大意的基础上注意标题的三个特点:概括性、针对性和醒目性。【五年高考】A组 统 一 命 题课标卷题组Passage 1（2019 课标全国 I,D）词数:370During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）,I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me tokeep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens,and mean girlsand cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playingjokes on others,among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychologysorts the popular into two categories:thc likable and the status seekers.The likables,plays-well-with-othersqualities strengthen school yard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and.when tapped early,are employedever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of powerand even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr.Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.Thosewho were highest in status in high school,as well as those least liked in elementary school,are“most likely toengage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study,Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring the least liked,the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）.Wc found that the least well-likedteens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.Itclearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing,kindness,opennesscarry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related topositive life outcomes,but it is also responsible fbr those outcomes,too.Being liked creates opportunities forlearning and fbr new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage/he said.1 .What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Gencrous.D.Cool.2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of adolescents.C.The importance of interpersonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.3.What did Dr.Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A.They appeared to be aggressive.B.Thcy tended to be more adaptable.C.Thcy enjoyed the highest status.D.They performed well academically.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Be NiceYou Wont Finish LastB.The Higher the Status,the BetterC.Be the BestYou Can Make ItD.More Self-Control,Less Aggressiveness答案l.C2.A3.B4.APassage 2(2019 课标全国 II,C)词数:348Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as shewaits fbr her salad.What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtels me time.And like moreAmericans,shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53 percent)have breakfastalone and nearly half(46 percenl)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnerlime are we eating together anymore,74percent,according to statistics from the report.prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together,you know?”Bechtel said,looking up from her book.Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,toooften works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on theshoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.Today,I just wanted some time to myself,“she said.Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that hecan sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants tohave a little interact ion(交流).I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week/*he said.Its a chance fbr self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan/*That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may havefelt awkward about asking for a tabic for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep uscompany at the table.It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology/*said LaurieDemeritt,whose company provided the statistics fbr the report.1 .What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A.Food variety.B.Eating habits.C.Tablc manners.D.Rcstaurant service.2.Why does Bcchtcl prefer to go out for lunch?A.To meet with her coworkers.B.To catch up with her work.C.To have some time on her own.D.To collect data fbr her report.3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A.He makes videos for the bar.B.Hes fond of the food at the bar.C.Hc interviews customers at the bar.D.Hes familiar with the barkeeper.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.答案I.B2.C3.D4.APassage 3（2018 课标全国 I.B）词数:264Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cookingup a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbultoffers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the GoodMorning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13.and Jack,1 1.“Wc love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,M sheexplains.I pay 5 for a portion（份），but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Every body can buy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make thisfood ourselves/The eight-part series（系歹！节目），Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family eachweek.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on abudget.Thc team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.1 .What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.Hc prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less答案l.B2.C3.C4.DPassage 4（2018 课标全国 II,C）词数:294Teens and younger children arc reading a lot less for fun,according to a Common Sense Media reportpublished Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers,some data in the report shows that readingremains a big part of many childrens lives,and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings,“the proportion（比例）who say they hardly ever read for fun hasgone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percentrespectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children,ages 28.remain largely thesame.But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined,from closer to an hour or more to closer toa half hour per session.When it conies to technology and reading,the report does little to counsel（建议）parents looking for dataabout the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading.lt does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading,mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and importantguides for their kids when it comes to reading.Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently,compared toinfrequent readers,have more books in the home,more books purchased for them,parents who read more often,and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches,and school vacation reading lists loom（逼近）ahead,parents might take thischance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.l.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Childrens reading habits.B.Quality of childrens books.C.Childrens after-class activities.D.Parcnt-child relationships.2.Whcre can you find the data that best supports“children are reading a lot less for fun”?A.In paragraph 2.B.In paragraph 3.C.ln paragraph 4.D.ln paragraph 5.3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time.C.It may harm childrens health.D.E-readers are expensive.4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models fbr them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.答案LA2.B3.C4.APassage 5（2018 课标全国HI,B）词数:312Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or ri ver.People settle in theseplaces because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City,forexample,is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson Ri ver.Over 300 years its population grew graduallyfrom 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow fromnothing almost overnight.In 1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness（荒 里 予）.But gold was discoveredthere in 1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in the West,with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there forgold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawsonwas covered with thirty feel of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche（雪崩）once closed the path,killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 1（X）of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were verycxpcnsive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.Thc city was crowded withdisappointed people with no interest in settling down,and when they heard there were new gold discoveries inAlaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today,people still come and go-to see where theCanadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.1 .What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A.Its business culture.B.Its small population.C.Its geographical position.D.Its favourable climate.2.What do wc know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.D.Half of them died.3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A.They found the city too crowded.B.Thcy wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C.Thcy were unable to stand the winter.D.Thcy were short of food.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The rise and fall of a city.B.The gold rush in Canada.CJourneys into the wilderness.D.Tourism in Dawson.答案l.C2.B3.B4.APassage 6（2017 课标全国 I,C）词数:325Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the firstannual International Jazz Day.UNESCO（United Nations Educational,Scientific and CulturalOrganization）reccntly set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as aunifying（联合）voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and themusic has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that.As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser fbr jazz,Moran hopes towiden the audience fbr jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite/Moran tells National Public Radiosreporter Neal Conan.What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider andunderstand that jazz is not black and white anymore.Its actually color,and its actually digital/Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has beenlost.The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move,because theway the world works is not the same,“says Moran.Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party,“just to kind ofput it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,“says Moran.For me,its therecontextualization.In music,where does the emotion（情感）1 ie?Are we,as humans,gaining any insight（/t）（）nhow to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue aboutour emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,M says Moran,“so Iwant to continue those dialogues.Those are the things I want to foster.”1 .Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.What does the underlined word that in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popu
