八年级英语语法知识点_人教版(语法加练习题).pdf

八年级英语语法知识点总析一.词语链接：1.t r ans l at e(v.)t r ans l at i o n(n.)-t r ans l at o r (n 人),p r o no u nce(v.)一p r o nu nci at i o n(n.)adv i s e(v.)-adv i ce(U.n.),i mp r o v e(v.)-i mp r o v ement (n.),br eat h e(v.)-br eat h (n.)2.co r r ect (v.;adj.=r i gh t)-w r o ng 3.r ep eat =s ay agai n 4.w r i t e/s p el l (v.)一w r i t i ng/s p el l i ng(n.)5.bas e(n./v.)-bas i c(adj.)6.r emember-fo r get,s h y-o u t go i ng(s h y-s h y er/s h i er-s h y es t/s h i es t),s t ar t-end,deep -l o w (反义词)7.s t ar t 二 begi n/o p en(同义词)8.fo r get -fo r go t-fo r go t t en,h ear -h ear d-h ear d,s end-s ent -s ent9.o t h er 与 el s e(别的，其它的)el s e 作形容词时，通常放在疑问代词 w h at 或 any t h i ng,s o met h i ng,no t h i ng,no bo dy,等不定代词之 后:el s e作副词时，通常放在疑问副词或 any w h er e等不定副词之后。o t h er 作形容词，通常放在被修饰的名词之前；o t h er 还可作代词。A.1.W h at el s e do y o u w ant?I s t h er e any bo dy el s e i n t h e r o o m?2.W h en el s e can I co me?W o u l d y o u l i k e t o go s o mew h er e el s e?B.P l eas e co me s o me o t h er day,请改日再来。D o y o u w ant any o t h er co l o u r s?10.each 与 ev er yeach 指两者或多者,强调个体情况,既是代词,又是形容词,常作主语/宾语/同位语等。ev er y 指三者或三者以上，强调全体情况,只是形容词,只作定语(与al l 近义)行!J：1.E ach o f t h em h as a bag w i t h t h em.(主)2.H e gav e o ne t o each o f u s t w o.(宾)3.E ach bo y h as a bal l i n t h ei r h ands.(定)4.T h ey each h av e fo u r w h eel s.(同)5.E v er y s t u dent h as go ne t o t h e s h o p.(定语)=A H o f t h e s t u dent s h av e go ne t ot h e s h o p.注意：1).each 和 ev er y 作定语时，后面名词只用单数，谓语动词用单数。(例3、5)each 作同位语时,谓语和其前面的主语保持一致。(例4)2).each o f后面接带t h e的复数名词或复数宾格代词，谓语动词用单数。3).“ev e;r y+基数词+复数名词”或“ev”y+序数词+单数名词”表“每(隔)一一”的意思。例:1.T h e O l y mp i c G ames ar e h el d ev er y fo u r y ear s (ev er y fo u r t h y ear).2.ev er y o t h er day (每隔一天)二ev er y t w o day s11.h o p e与 w i s h (w i s h 常用于表示某种愿望，实现的可能性较h o p e小)A.I h o p e(t h at)I can v i s i t t h e G r eat W al l nex t w eek.(接宾语从句)I h o p e to visit t h e G r eat W al l nex t w eek.(接不定式作宾语)简单应答语：I h o p e s o.(我希望如此)I h o p e no t.(我希望不是)；w i s h 不能用。B.I wish(that)I could fly to the moon some day.(宾语从句常用虚拟语气)I wish to fly to the moon some day.(接不定式作宾语)I wish you to have a pleasant journey.(wish 后接不定式作宾语补足语)I wish you a pleasant journey.(wish 后可接双宾语)I wish you happy all your life.(wish+宾语+宾语补足语 adj.)12.advice 不可数名词，可用名量词短语修饰 a piece of adv ice,some pieces of advicegive sb.some advice(给某人提建议)；ask(sb.)for some advice(向某人征求建议)二.短语：1.match-with-2.translate-into-=put-into-3.write down_=put down如果接名词，可放在后面或中间;如果接代 词,只能放在中间。write down these words=write these words down=write it/them down4.each other=one another (each other 两者之间；one another”多者之间”)LiLei and I often help each other.They complain to one another.5.enjoy oneself=have a good/nice/wonderful time 6.all the time=always_7.borrow sth.from sb.-lend sth.to sb.8.pen friend=penpal9.go with 10.watch/see a film 11.write-to12.give sb.some advice on/about(doing)sth.与 ask for some adviceon/about(doing)sth.13.do some concerts 14.help sb.with sth.=helpsb.(to)do sth.15.make a m i s t a k e 16.send sb.sth.=sendsth.to sb.17.enjoy(doing)sth.enjoy oneself(doing sth.)18.talkabout sb./sth.with sb.19.speak to sb.20.take a(deep)breath_21.have a conversation with sb.22.practise(doing)sth.23.show/takesb.around s o m e p l a c e 24.be good/bad for;be good to sb.;be good at-25.say hello to-26.the Englishname for27.be good at 与 do well inbe good a t 擅性，表示长久性的爱好,不能用于表具体的一次性的行为,常用一般时。do well i n 在某方面做得好,可用于表长久性也可用于一次性的行为,可用各种时态。例:He is good at singing.=He does well in singing.H e di d v er y w el l i n t h e s p o r t s meet i ng l as t y ear.28.t h e nu mber of-的数量(谓语用单数形式)a nu mber o f 许多的-(修饰可数名词复数，谓语用复数形式)例：T h e nu mber o f t h e s t u dent s i n o u r cl as s i s 52.A nu mber o f s t u dent s ar e p l ant i ng t r ees.29.i n t h e o r der 30.fo r ex amp l e 与 s u ch as 31.1 ear n f r o m-32.o n t h e I nt er net/r adi o 33.i n g roups 34.mak e a s t u dy p l anfo r-35.t h i nk abo u t 36.o n t h e p h o ne 37.adv i s e s b.(no t)t o do s t h.38.l o o k s t h.u p i n t h e di ct i o nar y 39.i nv i t e s b.t o s o mep l acei nv i t e s b.t o an a c tivity,i nv i t e s b.t o do s t h.40.l eav e s t h.s o mep l ace _ _ _J K fo r get 与 l eav e忘记某物或忘记 做 某事用fo r get,后可接名词、代词、不定式或动名词作宾语。例：I fo r go t my E ngl i s h bo o k,and my mo t h er fo r go t t o r emi nd(提 醒)me t h en.把某物忘在基 处 用 l eav e,常 以 l eav e s t h.s o mep l ace形式出现。例：I l eav e my E ngl i s h bo o k i n t h e r eadi ng r o o m.三.重 点 句 式：1.建议句式:1).do)W o u l d y o u l i k e t o go t o t h e p ar k w i t h u s?（用动词时用不定式t o2).W o u l d y o u p l eas e o p en t h e do o r fo r me?3).C o u l d y o u gi v e me a h and,p l eas e?4).S h al l w e go t o t h e p ar k t o get h er?（用动词时用动词原形）（用动词时用动词原形）（用动词时用动词原形）5).W h y do n t y o u w r i t e i t do w n?=W h y no t w r i t e i t do w n?(用动词时用动词原形)6).7).物8).原形)9).娶)10).t o do)11).式 t o do)（用动词时用动词原形）H o w/W h at abo u t go i ng s w i mmi ng?（用动词时用动名词do i ng）I h o p e I can fi ni s h t h e w o r k i n an h o u r.（用动词时用动词原L et s p l ay fo o t bal l o n t h e p l ay gr o u nd,s h al l w e?（用动词时用动词Y o u d bet t er (no t)go t o t h e mo u nt ai n t o day.（用动词时用动词原I t s bet t er t o w ear w ar m cl o t h es w h en y o u goo u t.（用动词时用不定式I t,s a go o d i dea t o ch eck y o u r no t ebo o k ev er y day.(用动词时用不定12).Y o u s h o u l d al w ay s s p eak E ngl i s h i n cl as s.13）.Try not to translate every word.（用动词不定式（not）todo）2.welcome（sb.）to 欢迎（某人）到 welcome（sb.）back to欢迎（某人）回到例：Welcome（you）to China/my school/my home Welcome（you）back to China/school!Welcome back home/here!（home,here adv.副词前不用介词）3.It s a good idea to do sth.做某事是个好主意That s a good idea.=Good idea.好主意It s difficult to remember new words.（动词不定式做真正的主语）4.Try not to translate every word.（动词不定式做 try 的宾语）try to do sth.=do one,s best to do sth（尽力做某事）try not to do sth（尽量不做某事厂例:1.Try to work out this problem.2.We should try to study English well.3.We should try not to sleep in class.5.S b.+take+time+to do sth.=It+takes+sb.（代词用宾格）+time+to dosth.力人花费时间做某事；后者中it做形式主语，不定式做真正主语）例：He takes half an hour to do his homework every evening.=It takes him half an hour to do his homework every evening.6.advise sb.（not）to do sth.（建议某人 不 做某事）例：S he advised us not to look up every new words in the dictionary while doingreadings.7.The best way to learn English is speaking it as often as possible.（不定式做定语）8.Do you find rt easy to have a conversation ic English?（it 形式宾语，不定式真正宾语）9.What makes you shy?（形容词做宾语补足语）10.It s sometimes hard to understand American and British accents.（不定式做真 正 嬴11.Tell him how to be a good student.（疑问词+动词不定式”做宾语）12.I left my homework at home.（leave sth.someplace 把某物忘在某处用leave）13.R emember to speak English all the time.（不定式形式做 remember 的宾语）14.This is a great/good way to do sth,（不定式作定语）This is a great way to solve the problem.15.Number the pictures in the order you hear them.（定语从句）四.语法点滴：基础时态的复习P 168页 模块释疑P 160页五.常识：如何学好英语Module 2 Experiences一.词语链接：1.experience n.&v,-experienced pete v.-competition n.-competitor（n.人）3.wonder n.-wonderful adj.4.music n.-musician n.（A）5.Italy n.-Italianadj.6.westn.-western adj.7.sit v.-seat n.8.beside=next to 9.brilliant=excellent10.problem（需解决的问题 work on-solve/work out）和 question（需回答的问题-ask/answer）11.buy-sell 12.entertain v.-entertainment n.13.sell-sold-sold,dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt 14.name=say out,reckon=think of 修饰 mark 用 high 活 low。15.experience（“经验”，不可数；经 历”,可数）This is a maths teacher with rich experience in teaching.Could you tell me your experiences in Africa?二.短语：1.take off a.-put on b.一 land（in/on/at）;take offfromThe plane takes off from Hong Kong,and lands in New Ye true 3.be/go/stay a b r o a d 4.more than=over 5.sellout_6.roast duck 7.send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.8.travel around thew o r l d all over China 9.one day=some day 10.enter acompetition11.dream about/of 12.take photos of-13.Guesswhat!_14.a visit to someplace 15.invite sb.to do sth.invite sb.to sp./the activity16.send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.17.the price of18.intoday s newspaper 19.a kind of,all kinds of,differentkinds of_20.give a c o n c e r t,go to a c o n c e r t 21.at the end（of-）22.refer to_22.try doing sth.与 try to do sth.（=do one s best to do sth.）The little boy tried to draw a nice horse.（努力去做，争取使某事成功）The little boy tried drawing a horse.（初次尝试去做某事，不带有目的性）三.重点句式：1.It sounds brilliant!Her voice sounds very sweet.（系表结构）2.WeiMing has been all over China by plane.3.There is a lot to see and do there.（不定式作定语）4.P ve never been to S hanghai.Have you ever been abroad?（have been to,去过某地）一5.P izza has always been my favourite food.（have been+表语,表状态的延续）But I don t like sandwiches or ice cream.6.He hasn t ever tried skiing.7.What do you reckon（=think）-will it rain today?（认为，觉得）I think he,11 come back soon.=I reckon he 11 come back soon.8.S ally has invited me to stay with her in England one day.9.What kind of prizes are there for these competition?10.What s the price of a plane ticket to the U S A?（涉及 price 的提问使用 what）11.What s the score of the match?（涉及 score 的提问使用 what）说明：涉及 price,mark,score,population,temperature 等提问时使用 what 作为疑问词。四.语法点滴：1.现 在 完 成 时（参考 P 168-169 页）have gone to&have been tohave been t o:去过某地（但已经回来，人不在某地）have gone t o:去某地了（说话时，某人在去某地的途中或已到某地）句中常用ever,never,once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次）等时间状语时，用 have been to例：The girls have gone to the shops.（They are on the way to the shops or arrive at the shops.）The girls have been to the shops.（They went to the shops and they came back or went to other places.）2.主语+谓语+表 语（S+V+P）（谓语为连系动词Link v.）例：A.He was ill last week.（形）C.I feel very well today.（形）短）E.LiLei became a soldier.（名）G.The bread feels hard.（形）B.Keep quiet,please!（形）D.The mooncake tastes like the pie.（介F.The food has gone bad.（形）H.LiLei fell ill last Monday.（形）I.In spring,the weather gets warm and the trees turn green.（形）注意：常见连系动词：1）.be,keep,stay（保持），remain（保持），come（true）等2）.感官动词 feel（感觉/摸上去），look,seem,smell,taste,sound 等。注意：主语和感官动词常呈被动关系。3）.表“变化”的动词：become,turn,get,grow,go,fall（ill/asleep）等。五.常识：旅游经历Module 3 Journey to space一.词语链接：1.several=a few 2.discover v.-discovery n.3.recent adj.-recently adv.4.over=morethan 5.alone=by oneself 6.extrance-exit,manned-unmanned（反义）7 prefer=likebetter 8.secret n.-secretary n.（人）9.explore v.-explorer n.（人）一exploration n.（事）10.mission=task 11.busy adj.-business n.12.return=come back/give back（return 后面不能再加 back）return to/from12.discover 与 inventdiscover：发现 其对象是一直存在的，以往未被人们认识或发现。invent:发 明 其对象是以前没有的东西，而且往往是物质性的东西。例:Columbus discovered America.Thomas Edison invented many useful things.13.also,too 与 eitheralso比to。更正式，只能用在肯定句中，一般紧紧靠近动词（多在动词之前，或 be动词、助动词及情态动词之后）。too 一般放在句末，或作为插入语放在句中，只能用在肯定句中，口语常与also通用。either用于否定句，放在句末。例：My father is a teacher,my mother is also a teacher.My father is a teacher,my mother is a teacher,too.My father doesn,t go to work today,my mother doesn t,either.14.none,nobody 与 no one 的用法：none即可指代人，也可指代事物，表 示“没有一个人/牺”（强调数量）作主/宾语等。后面可跟of短语。作主语时，如其指代的是复数名词，谓语用单、复数都行（强调整体时谓语常用复数；强调个体时则常用单数）；如其指代的是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。常用来回答how many或 how much以及特定范围的问题。例:1.-How many of the women are nurses?-None（of them is/are）.（主语）2.-How much water is left in the bottle?-None（of it is）.（主语）3.-Which of the boys plays football well?-None（of them does）.（主语）4.Are there any students in the c 1 as sr oom?-None.（主语）5.I understood none of the questions.（宾语）6.None of us like/likes it.（主语）nobody和no one都指代人，表 示“没有人”（强调人和 做主语时，谓语用单数，后面不跟of短语。常回答wh。和不确定的问题，在句中做主语或宾语。例:1.Luckily,nobody/no one was hurt in this accident.（主语）2.-Who went to the zoo last week?.-Nobody/No one（did）.（主语）3.I can see nobody in the room.（宾语）15.alone 与 lonelyalone用作形容词，表“单独的（=by oneself）一个人或物，说明客观情况;只作表语。lonely用作形容词，表“孤独、寂寞的”内心感受，说明主观情况。作表语或定语。例：I was alone at home,but I don t feel lonely,alone还可用作副词，表示“独自地”一个人或物毛丫 oneselfo例：The lonely boy had to walk there alone.alone作形容词,还可意为“仅仅；只靠一必须放在所被修饰的名词、代词后面。例:You can t live on meat alone.=You can t only live on meat.16.real 与 truereal指实际与其外貌或传说相符（客观状况）:true则指与实际或真实情况相符，而非虚假的（抽象内涵虚 在表示某事是真实的时候，往往可以通用。例：Is this real leather or plastic?That is a true friendship/story.Tell me the true/real reason for your absence.really 与 trulyreally常用于表说话的语气或程度（客观状况）:truly常用于表态度（抽象内涵）。仞!J：It s really nice of you to say so.I m truly sorry for doing that.17.arrive,get 与 reacharrive（不及物动词），表示到某地时（名词），后面接介词in（大地方）或 at（小地方）。get vi.（不及物动词），表示到某地时（名词），后面接介词to。但地方如为home,here.there副词时，上述两个动词都不用介词。例:1.He has arrived in Bei jing.They arrived at the small village last night.Tom has arrived here.2.I got to Beijing two days ago.Has he got home?reach（及物动词），后面直接接地点名词；KA（不及物动词），后面直接接home,here,there等地点副词。例:They have reached Beijing.LiLei reached home late last night.注意：单独使用时常用arrive,而不用其他两个词。例：They had left when I arrived.18.pay,spend,cost 与 takeS b.pay（sb.money）for sth.某人为-付款LiLei paid me five yuan for the knife.I have paid for the tickets.（pay宾语常为金钱或表代价丽，可带双宾语）S b.spend time/money（in）doing sth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事S b.s p e n d t i m e /m o n e y o n s t h.某人在某事物上花费时间或金钱I s p e n d h a l f a n h o ur （i n）d o i n g m y h o m e w o r k e v e r y e v e n i n g.H e s p e n t 2 0 y ua n o n t h e d i c t i o n a r y.S t h.c o s t （s b.）m o n e y 某物花费某人金钱或代价（c o s t后面可带双宾语）T h e d i c t i o n a r y c o s t h i m 2 0 y ua n.（=H e p a i d 2 0 y ua n f o r t h e d i c t i o n a r y./H e s p e n t 2 0 y ua n o n t h e d i c t i o n a r y）T h e d i c t i o n a r y c o s t s 2 0 y ua n.（问句：H o w m uc h d o e s t h e d i c t i o n a r y c o s t?）I t +t a k e +s b +s o m e t i m e +t o d o s t h.做某事花费某人时间或精力（不定式真正主语，t a k e后面可带双宾语）I t h a s t a k e n h i m t w o m o n t h s t o g e t t h e r e.（=H e h a s s p e n t t w o m o n t h s i n g e t t i n gt h e r e.）H o w l o n g d o e s r t t a k e t o r e a c h B e i j i n g?S b.+t a k e +s o m e t i m e +t o d o s t h.某人花费时间/精力做某事H e t o o k a n h o ur t o f i n i s h t h e w o r k.=I t t o o k h i m a n h o ur t o f i n i s h t h e w o r k.（=H e s p e n t a n h o ur i n f i n i s h i n g t h e w o r k./H e s p e n t a n h o ur o n t h e w o r k.）说明：p a y,s p e n d常以人作主语；c o s t常以物作主语；t a k e常以事情（不定式）做真正主语（后置，i t做形式主语）1 9.p r e f e r 的用法：p r e f e r （t o d o /d o i n g）s t h.I p r e f e r t o s w i m /s w i m m i n g i n t h e r i v e r.（不定式表具体性，动名词表习惯性）p r e f e r （d o i n g）s t h.t o （d o i n g）s t h.=l i k e b e t t e r t h a n-（喜欢做前者而不喜欢做后者）H e p r e f e r s t h i s b o o k t o t h a t o n e.H e p r e f e r s s k a t i n g t o d a n c i n g.（3）p r e f e r t o d o s t h.r a t h e r t h a n d o s t h.=p r e f e r d o i n g s t h.t o d o i n g s t h.（宁愿做一一而不做一一）I p r e f e r t o l e a r n E n g l i s h r a t h e r t h a n p l a y t h e p i a n o o n S un d a y.=I p r e f e r l e a r n i n g E n g l i s h t o p l a y i n g t h e p i a n o o n S un d a y.2 0.b e y o n d 用法：p r e p.（表位置）在-的那边，远于H e c a m e f r o m b e y o n d t h e s e a （海外）.（表时间）迟于-H e c a m e h e r e b e y o n d n i n e o c l o c k.（表范围、限度）超出 S o m e s p a c e c r a f t h a v e g o n e b e y o n d t h e s o l a rs y s t e m.（常用于问、否句）除-以外 I c a n t t e l l y o u a n y t h i n g b e y o n d w h a t y o uk n o w.adv.（在或向远处）L o o k b e y o n d,y o u 1 1 g e t a g o o d v i e w f r o mh e r e.二.短语：1.o n t h e s p a c