仁爱英语九年级知识点总结.pdf

仁爱英语九年级知识点总结九年级英语（仁爱版）语言点归纳Unit 1 The Changing WorldTopic 1 China has developed rapidly in recent years.1.take place 发生eg:Great changes have tanken place in my hometown.2.Though I had no time to travel,I still felt very happy thisholiday!尽管我没时间去旅游，但这个假期我仍然感到很愉快。th o u g h从属连词，用来引导让步状语从句，表“虽然；尽管”,不能与b u t连用。如：Though he is poor,he is happy.=He is poor,but he is happy.尽管他很贫穷，但是他很快乐。3.Could you please tell me something about Chinese teenagers?请告诉我一些有关中国青少年的一些事情好吗？Could/Would you please（not）do s th?请（不）做某事好吗？eg:Could you please turn down your rad io?请把收音机声音调低好吗？Would you please not play football h e re?请不要在这儿踢球好吗？4.Parents couldn?t afford education for their children.父母供不起孩子上学。affo rd常与can,co u ld或be able t o连用，尤其用于否定句或疑问句，表“负担得起（做）某事；抽得出（时间）”“（can，t/couldn，t)afford(to do)sth.”eg:We can t afford(to buy)this house because we don t haveenough m oney.我们买不这房了，因为我们没有足够的钱。eg:He felt he couldn，t afford any time to play football.他觉得自己没有时间踢球了。5.Our government gives support to poor families.我们的政府能为贫困家庭提供帮助。give support to sb.二 give sb.support 为某人提供帮助/支持support作动词时表“供养;支持；支撑“，eg:She had to support her family at the age of te n.她十岁时就得养家。His parents supported him in his decision.他的父母支持他的决定。The two sticks support the tre e.两根木棍支撑着这棵树。6.Why not go and search the Internet for some information?为什么不上网查找相关信息呢？search sp.for s th.搜查某地寻找某物 search sb.for s th.搜身查找某物search for sth./sb.=look for sth./s b.搜寻某物/某人;eg:The villagers searched the woods for the lost children.村民们在树林里寻找失踪的孩子们。The police searched the man for the stolen money.警察搜那个男人的身，查找被偷的钱。He is searching/looking for his missing keys.他在寻找他丢的钥匙。7.We often went hungry because the boss didn t give us enoughfood to e a t.我们经常挨饿，因为老板不给我们足够的食物。在这里是系动词，表“变得”，后跟形容词，构成系表结构.eg:The food on the table went b a d.桌面上的食物变坏了.8.One part was used to help support my family,to help send myelder brother to school.a)one part,the other(part),一部分.另一部分.b)elder brother 哥哥e ld e r作形容词时，是old的比较级，一般表示家庭成员出生的顺序，在句中只能作定语，可与th a n连用；而older表年龄的比较,可 与th a n连用.如:His elder sister is two older than h e.他的姐姐比他大两岁.作名词时，表“长者；前辈；祖先”，如：Their customs were handed down by the elders.他们的风俗习惯是由他们的祖先传下来的.9.But China has developed rapidly in recent y ea rs.但是近年来，中国发展迅速.in recent y e a rs表“近年来”，常与完成时连用.如：She has learnt a lot of knowledge in recent years.近年来，她学到了许多知识.10.China has made such rapid progress.中国已经取得如此迅速的进步。progress为不可数名词make progress取得进步make some/much/great progress 取得一 些/许多/巨大的进步11.What has happened to Beijing s roads now?现在北京的公路发生了什么变化？sth.happen to sb.某人发生了某事，如：eg:If anything happens to him,let me know.万一 一 他有什么不测，就请通知我。A little accident happened to her yesterday.昨天她发生了点小意外。12.They express the rich culture of China as well.他们也表达了丰富的中国文化。as well,too,also均表 也；又；as w ell多用于口语，只用于句末，不用逗号隔开；to o 多用于口语，用于句末，要用逗号隔开；also较正式，不用于句末；either用于否定句，表“也不”，与to o 对应。eg:He likes sports as well.二 He likes sports,too.二 He also likessports,他也喜欢运动。He didn t come,eith er.他也没来。13.keep in touch w ith和保持联系eg:Nowadays,we keep in touch with each other by sendinge-mails.14.复习现在完成时Topic 2 W hat has happened to the population?1.I really hate to go such a place.我真讨厌去购物。-So do I.我也是。So do I.为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表“某某也一样”，结构为“so+b e/情态动词/助动词+主 语”。eg:Jim is a student,so is T o m.吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。Jim can swim,so can T o m.吉姆会游泳，汤姆也会。Jim likes sports,so does T o m.吉姆喜欢运动，汤姆也喜欢。如表前面不怎样，后面 也不 怎样时，其结构为“neither/nor+b e/情态动词/助动词+主语”。eg:Jim wasn t Chinese,neither/nor were they.吉姆不中国人，他们也不是。Jim can t speak Japanese,neither can I.吉姆不会说日语，我也不会。Jim didn t go there,neither did I.吉姆没去那儿，我也没去。如前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装,表“的确如此”。如：eg:Jim is a good student.So he i s.吉姆是一名好学生，的确如此。Jim swims well.So he d o e s.吉姆游泳很好，的确如此。2.At that time,China was the country with the largestpopulation in the w o rld.那时，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。population为不可数名词，表示人口的多少只能用large”或“small”修 饰,提 问 人 口 用“w h a t,如:eg:The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.上海的人口比北京多。W hat the population of China?二 How many people are therein China?中国的人口有多少？3.Great changes have taken place in C h in a.中国发生了 巨大变化。take p la c e指必然性的“发生”或有计划、安排之内的“举行”。如：eg:The meeting will take place next F riday.会议将在下周五举行。h ap p e n指偶然的、没有预料的“发 生”，其结果往往给人带来不幸或麻烦。如:eg:The accident happened yesterday.事故发生在昨天。两者都不用于被动语态。4.The population has increased a l o t.人口增长发很多。increase可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。increase by 指 增加了.；increase to 指 增 加 到.”5.,and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China.而且世界上大约五分之一的人口生活在中国。one f ifth是分数表达法。英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，先读分子后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词则变为复数，直接在词尾加“s”。eg:one fourth 四分之一;three fourths 四分之三；one second 二分之一;two thirds 三分之二注：分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词要和所修饰的名词保持一致。6.It has worked well in controlling China,s population.它在控制人口数量方面取得了显著的功效。work well in doing s th.表 在.方面很有功效”,eg:Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.做眼保健操在保护视力方面很有功效。7.Because of our large population,we are short of energy andwater.be short of 表”缺乏eg:She is always short of money at the end of every month.每个月底她总是缺钱。be short for,表”是.的缩写”，eg:TV is short for television.TV 是 television 的缩写形式.8.Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education?所有的中国家庭都能给他们的的孩子提供良好的教育吗？offer表”（主动）给予，提供”offer sb.s t h.“提供某人某物”如：I offered him a glass of wine.我敬了他一杯酒。offer to do s t h.（主动）提出做某事 如：She offered to cook for her mother.她提出帮她妈妈煮饭。8.be strict w ith对要求严格eg:Our teachers are strict with us.9.1 can t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple ofhours.我得花儿个小时，才能到大的商场购物。a）unless=if n o t表”除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句。eg:I won t go unless I hear from you.二 I won t go if I don thear from you.如果你不通知我，我就不去。Unless Bill studies hard,he U fail in the exam.如果比尔不努力，他不会通过考试的.b）a couple of 表”几个人或几件事”，eg:a couple of years ago 儿年前；a couple of students 儿个学生co u p le指任何两件同类的东西;如：a couple of watches 两只手表；five couples of cats 五对猫p a ir指两件不可分开使用的东西，它们可指两件互不相连的东西（鞋子、袜子等），也可指两部分构成的一件东西（裤子、剪刀等）。如：a pair of shoes 一双鞋子 a pair of pants 一条裤子10.on/about 关于o n:关 于（学术性较强）eg:He is writing a book on medicine,about:He is telling us a story about heroes.11.take measures 米取措施Eg:China has take measures to reduce the pollution.四、重点语法现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：1.already 和 yetalready 已经（多用于肯定陈述句），如：He has already goneh o m e.他已经回家了。yet 已经;还（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found himy e t?你已经找到他了吗？I haven t finished my homework y e t.我还没完成作业。X alread y也可用于疑问句，表”出乎意料或惊奇 Have youfinished your homework already?难道你已经完成作业了？2.ever 和 neverever 曾经（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever beenabroad.我曾出过国。never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：I have never seen him before.Has he ever been abroad?他曾出过国吗？No,never.不，从来不。3.justjust“刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如：I havejust tried to call you.我刚刚打电话给你。4.beforebefore 之前（一般位于句末；常与never呼应），如：He sayshe has never seen such beautiful scenery before.他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。Topic 3 The world has changed for the better.1.Well,once they find people in need,they decide on suitableways to help them.他们一旦发现有人需要帮助，就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。a）once是从属连词，表“一旦就”，它的从句为现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），主句则为一般将来时。或者主从句均为过去的某种时态。eg:Once you become interested in playing computer games,youllhave trouble giving them up.一旦你迷上了电脑游戏，你就很难放弃它。b)decide on(doing)s t h.决定(做)某事，相当于 decide to dosth.eg:They decided on spending the holiday in Hainan.他们决定在海南度假。二 They decided to spend the holiday in Hainan.2.The government provides homeless people with nice homes.政府向无家可归的人们提供舒适的住处。provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for s b.提供给某人某物eg:The school provided the students with fo o d.这所学校为学生们提供食物。二 The school provided food for the students.3.I think it s a wonderful place to live i n.我认为那是一个居住的好地方。to live i n是动词不定式，用来修饰前面的名词p lace.在不定式中，如动词为不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后必须跟上相应的介词。eg:There is nothing to worry a b o u t.没有什么可担心的事。I need a pen to write w ith.我需要一只笔写字。4.It is famous because it has been so successful in helpinghomeless people return to normal lives.它很出名是因为它已经成功地帮助无家可归的人重新过上正常的生活。be successful in doing s th.成功地做成某事,相当于 succeedin doing sth.如:eg:He was successful in passing the exam.他成功地通过了考试。They were successful in climbing Mount H u an g.他们成功地登上了黄山。5.In the past sixteen years,Project Hope has raised about 3billion yuan.在近，十六年来，希望工程已筹集了大约3 0亿元。in the past+若干时间，表“近若干时间来”，用于现在完成时。eg:They have learnt about 500 English words in the past twomonths.近两个月来，他们已经学习了大约500个英语单词。6.复习直接引语和间接引语和构词法Unit 2 Saving the earthTopic 1 I cant stand the environment here.1.1 0311*t stand the environment h e re.我无法容忍这儿的环境。s ta n d表“容忍；忍受，后接名词、代词及动名词做宾语。eg:I c a n t stand that man,he talks too m u c h.我忍受不 了那个人了，他话太多了。I can t stand waiting any longer.我再也等不了 了。2.W hat do you mean by sth.?某物是什么意思呢？二 W hat the meaning of sth?=W hat does sth.mean?3.1 hope I can move from here s o o n.我希望我能早点从这儿搬走。当主从句主语一致时，常可转换成不定式短语二I hope to move from here soon.我希望早点从这儿搬走。4.There are several chemical factories pouring waste water intothe river.有几座工厂正往河里排放污水。There be+sb./sth.+doing sth.表有某人/某物正在做某事。eg:There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有些鸟儿在歌唱。There is a little girl crying in the stre e t.街上有个小女孩在哭。5.stop doing s t h.停止做（正在进行的）事stop to do s t h.停下来去做（另一件）事eg:I t s late.They will stop working and（stop）to have su p p er.彳 艮迟了。他们将停下来吃晚饭。The students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher.学生们停止说话去听课。6.I m sorry for making so much n o ise.很抱歉我弄出这么大的噪音。be sorry for doing sth.表对做过的事感到抱歉 be sorryto do sth.表对当前的事感到抱歉eg:I?m sorry for waking you up yesterday.很抱歉昨天把你弄醒了。I m sorry to trouble y o u.很抱歉打扰你了。I m sorry to hear t h a t.听到那个（消息）感到很遗憾。7.Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America canhear no better than 65-year-old people do,近来据报道，美国许多青少年的听力利6 5岁的老人一样差。no better than 表 同.（儿乎）一样差；不比.做得好”eg:Lucy did no better than Lily in the e x a m.露西利莉利考得几乎一样糟.=Lucy almost did as badly as Lily in the exam.8.复习现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for/sin c e引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。a）“f o r+时间段”与“since+时间点”都表“一段时间”,常用How lo n g提问。b）如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。Topic 2 How does pollution hurt the earth?1.It says that China has become the world?s largest producer anduser of c o a l.它（文章）写到中国已经成为世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。sth.+says that 此句型中主语是事或物，say表 用“文字、数字”说明信息。eg:It says Happy New Year!v on the card.卡片上写着“新年快乐！工The clock says that it is 20:00 now.这面钟显示现在是 20：00。2.As we know,none of us likes pollution.众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。none与no o n e的区别：none“全无”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟o f的短语；作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；no one只指人，后不能跟o f的短语；作主语时，谓语动词只用作单数。eg:He has read none of these books.（指物）这些书他一本都没看过。None of my friends like/likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友们没有一个喜欢画画。No one is here.没有一个在这儿。none回答how many/much的问题；no one回答who的问题。如:A:How many students come to school by taxi?B:None.有多少的学生搭出租车来上学？没有人。A:How much water is there in the bottle?B:None.瓶子里有多少水？一点儿也没有。A:Who is in the room?B:No one.谁在房中？没有人。3.When it rains,the soil will be washed aw ay.下雨时,土壤就会被冲走。will be+过去分词为一般将来时的被动语形式。eg:The earth will be blown away by the wind.泥土将会被风刮走。（被动语态）二 The wind will blow away the e a rth.风将会把泥土刮走。（主动语态）5.A lot of rich land has changed into desert,leaving only sand.许多肥沃的土地已经变成了沙漠，留下的是遍地黄沙。a）change,into二 turn into,把.（转）变成eg:Please change/turn English into Chinese.请把英语变成汉语。When the traffic lights change/turn into green,we can go.当交通灯变成绿色时，我们就可以通行。b）leaving only stan d现在分词短语作状语，表伴随主动。eg:The children went away,talking and laughing.孩子们说着、笑着离开了。The girl is looking for her mother,crying loudly.这个女孩大声地哭着在寻找她的母亲。6.Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.They canalso prevent the sand from moving toward the rich land.树可以防风固土，也可阻止风沙吹进良田。stop/prevent sb./sth.(from)doing s t h.阻止/防止 某人或某物做某事keep sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止/防止 某人或某物做某事eg:Trees can keep water from running aw ay.树可以防止水土流失。7.i n danger of(doing)sth.处于做某事的危险中eg:They are in danger of losing their liv es.他们正处于失去生命的危险中。8.cut down 砍到Eg：Many trees are cut down every years9.You may either take a bus or a ta x i.你们可能搭公车去或者是搭出租车去。a)eitheroi”要么要么并列连词，连接主语时，根据就近原则选取谓语动词。eg:You may come either today or tomorrow.你要么今天来，要么明天来。Either you or he is rig h t.要么你对，要么他对。b)e ith e r单独使用时，是代词，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主语时，谓语动词用作单数。如：A:Would you like coffee or tea?B:Either is OK你想要咖啡还是茶？随便都可以。Either of us is rig h t.我们俩中有一人是对的。Topic 3 Lets be greener people.l .We should use both sides of paper,and reuse plastic bags ratherthan throw them aw ay.我们应该把纸的两面都使用，将塑料袋再次使用而不是轻易扔掉。b o th修饰复数名词；而e ith e r修饰单数名词；eg:There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.二 There are a lot of trees on either side of the road.在路的两边有许多树。2.Everyone is supposed to do i t.每个人都应该那样做。be supposed to do sth.指（按规定、习惯、安排等）应当做某事;相当于should;用 于 否 定 句 时,表“允许”；eg:Teachers are supposed to/should know a l o t.老师应该知道很多。You are not supposed to smoke h e re.这里不允许抽烟。4.First,you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，当你离开房间的时候，应该关灯。ought t o情态动词，表“应该；应 当 ；语 气 比sh o u ld强;指道义上应该做的事，有时含有责备或督促的语气。sh o u ld指主观上感到有责任或义务去做。如：You ought to help your mother do some housework.你应该帮你妈妈做些家务。We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。其否定式和疑问式：You oughtn t to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不应该起这么晚。Ought I to tell her the bad new s?我该告诉她坏消息吗？Yes,you ought.No,you oughtnt.Unit 3 English around the worldTopicl English is widely spoken around the world.1.stick v.粘贴，=put upeg:You can stick it on the wall in your room.你可以把匕贴在你房间的墙上。2.cant wait to do s th.迫不急待地想要做某事eg:I cant wait to fly th e re!我迫不急待地想要飞往哪里。又：cant help doing sth.忍不住要做某事，如：I cant help laughing.我忍不住笑了。3.have a good chance to do s th.有个做某事的好机会eg:Youll have a good chance to practicing speaking English.你将有一个练习说英语的好机会。4.practice speaking E nglish练习说英语。有的动词后再跟动词时，后面的动词要用-in g形式，如：practice,finish,enjoy,meind 等等。5.from now o n从现在起，意思相当于la te ro n后来，过后，将来。eg:Try your best and work much harder(at English)from nowo n.从现在起，尽你最大的努力更努力（得多）地学习（英语）。6.on business 出差?eg:Mr.Lee is on business in the U.S.A.7.be similar to.与.相似eg:Is Spanish similar to E nglish?西班牙语和英语会相似吗？8.Its possible th a t.有可能eg:Its possible that you will have some trouble.你有可能会遇到一些困难。9.ask sb.for h e lp向某人求助，求助于某人。eg:Ill ask an interpreter for help.我将向翻译求助。10.translate A into B 把 A 翻译成 B,eg:The interpreter translates English into Chinese.这位翻译才巴英语翻译成中国语。11.in general 一般来说12.have trouble(in)doing s th.在做某事方面有困难。eg:In general,he has no trouble understanding people.一 般说来,他听懂别人的说话是没有困难的。13.W hats more 还有 once in a while 有时，偶尔，相当于 attimes 或 sometimes14.whenever 二 no m atter whentopic 2 English is spoken differently indifferent countrieso1.follow=understand 听懂,理解，明白，eg:I cant follow you.?Can you speak more slowly,please?2.be the same a s?与.相同，eg:Is Australian English the same sa British E nglish?澳大利亚英语和英国英语是相同的吗？3.Im flying to Disneyland tom orrow.?明天我要 往迪斯尼乐园.?注 此 句 中2加叼选是表示一般将来时.?英语中,?”位移动词”或称“趋向动词”?可以用现在进行时的结构表示将来发生的动作,这类动词有leave,leave for,leave for，come,fly,return,arrive,go,?start（出发），等等，如:？Imgoing.我要走了.?？Im com ing!我就来!？My uncle is meeting ustomorrow.4.depend o n?依靠；取 决 于;依 而定，如：Sometimes themeaning can change,depending on the country where it is spoken.5.succeed in doing s th.成功地做某事，eg:f you want to succeed in making yourself understood,youneed to know some of these differences.如果你想成功地表达自己的意思，你就需要了解一些这种不同点.6.on ones way to+地名，在去某地的路上（后接副词时不用to)?.?eg:Lucy is on her way to school.露西在回家的路上.？Tom is on his way h o m e.汤姆在回家路上.？?？要区别于By the w ay顺便问/说一下;？in this w ay用这种方法7.see sb.off 为某人送行，eg:Kangkang and Michael?going to the airport to?see them off.康康和迈克尔要去机场为他们送行.put o u t伸出eg:Michael sees a forei