初中英语知识点梳理及精练.pdf

初一年级（上）【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.S i t d o w n2.o n d u t y3.i n En g l i s h4.h a v e a s e a t5.a t h o m e6.l o o k l i k e7.l o o k a t8.h a v e a l o o k9.co m e o n10.a t w o r k11.a t s ch o o l12.p u t o n13.l o o k a f t e r14.g e t u p15.g o s h o p p i n gI I.重要句型1.h e l p s b.d o s t h.2.W h a t a b o u t？3.L e t s d o s t h.4.It s time to do sth.5.It s time for6.What s？It is/It s7.Where is？It s.8.How old are you?I m.9.What class are you in?I m in.10.Welcome to.11.What s plus？It s.12.I think13.Who s this?This is.14.What can you see?I can see.15.There is(are).16.What colour is it(are they)?It s(They,re)17.Whose,is this?It s.18.What time is it?It s.III.交际用语1.Good morning,Miss/Mr.2.Hello!Hi!3.N ice to meet you.N ice to meet you,too.4.How are you?I m fine,thank you/thanks.And you?5.See you.See you later.6.Thank you!You,re welcome.7.Go o d b y e!By e!8.W h a t s y o u r n a m e?M y n a m e i s .9.He r e y o u a r e.T h i s w a y,p l e a s e.10.W h o s o n d u t y t o d a y?11.L e t s d o.12.L e t m e s e e.IV.重要语法1.动词b e 的用法；2.人称代词和物主代词的用法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4.冠词的基本用法；5 .T h e r e b e 句型的用法。【名师讲解】1.i n/o n在表示空间位置时，i n 表示在某个空间的范围以内，o n 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：T h e r e i s a b i r d i n t h e t r e e.树上有只鸟。T h e r e i s a p i ct u r e o n t h e w a l l.墙上有张图。2.t h i s/t h a t/t h e s e/t h o s e(l)t h i s 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，t h e s e 是 t h i s的复数形式。t h a t 常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，t h o s e时 t h a t 的复数形式。例如：You look in this box and 1,11 look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。I want this car,not that car.我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。Take these books to his room,please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。This is mine;that s yours.这个是我的，那个是你的。These are apples;those are oranges.这些是苹果，那些是橘子。(2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是对方。例如：This is Mary speaking.Who s that?我是玛丽。你是谁？3.There be/haveThere be 有 ，其确切含意为某处或某时存在某人或某物。其结构是：Therebe+某人或某物+表示地点或时间的状语。There b e 后面的名词实际上是主语，b e 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is,名词是复数时用are。例如：(1)There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2)There is a doll in the box.那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3)There are many apples on the tree,那树上有许多苹果。总之，There b e 结构强调的是一种客观存在的“有have表示拥有，占有，具有“，即：某人有某物(sb.have/has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4)I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5)That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4.look/see/watch(Dlook表 示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：L ook!The children are playing computer games.瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。L ook!What s that over there?看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at,才能带宾语，如：He s looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture?你能在图上看到什么？L ook at the blackboard.What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch 观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4.put on/input o n 意 为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作，后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。i n 是介词，表 示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：It s cold outside,put on your coat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is John,s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5.house/home/familyhouse：“房子”，指居住的建筑物；Home:“家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方；Family:“家庭”，家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home.他不在家。My family all get up early.我们全家都起得很早。6.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容词表示好之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：(1)fine指物时表示的是质量上的精细，形容人时表示的是身体健康,也可以用来指天气晴朗例如：Your parents are very fine.你父母身体很健康。Thats a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器。Its a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有美好，漂亮的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：L ucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。N ice to meet you.见到你很高兴。Its very nice of you.你真好。(3)good形容人时指“品德好，形容物时指质量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：H e r s o n i s a g o o d s t u d e n t,她儿子是一个好学生。T h e r e d c a r i s v e r y g o o d.那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)we l l 只可用来形容人的身体好，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：I m v e r y we l l,t h a n k s.我身体很好,谢谢。M y f r i e n d s s i n g we l l.我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1 .动词be的用法；2 .人称代词和物主代词的用法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4 .冠词的基本用法；5 .T her e be句型的用法。6 .本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7 .本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【中考范例】1.(2 004 年北京市中考试题)M ar y,p l eas e s ho w y o u r p ict u r e.A.m y B.m in e C.I D.m e【解析】答案：D o 该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词s ho w后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。2.（2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题）orange on the desk is for you,Mike.A.A B.An C./D.The【解析】答案：D o 该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词the。3.（2004年哈尔滨市中考试题）-What the number of the girls in your class?-About twenty.A.is B.am C.are D.be【解析】答案：A o 该题考查的是动词be的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语，应该是单数第三人称，动词be变为is。4.（2004年陕西省中考试题）There a football match on TV this evening.A.will have B.is going to be C.has D.is going to have【解析】答案：B o 该题考查的是There be句型和动词have用法区别。Therebe句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have混在一起用。【满分演练】一.单项填空1.-What colour is the bike?-It s orange.A.an B.a C./D.the2.That isn t her bag.It,sA.my B.I C.mine D.me3.Oh,your kite is very nice.A.That s right B.N o,it s not nice C.Yes,it is D.Thank you4.The woman is sixty,but she young.A.is B.sees C.looks D.watches5.It s time lunch.L et s go home.A.to B.in C.for D.on6.-is your coat?-The black one.A.What B.Where C.Which D.How7.-is the toy?-It s on the bed.A.Who B.Where C.What D.Whose8.The shoes are too old.Put over there.A.it B.they C.their D.them9.Excuse me.Can you my watch,please?A.look B.look like C.look after D.look at10.L ook the blackboard and listen the teacher.A./B.at;to C.after;/D.on;after1 1.Who s e dr es s is t his?-I t,s .A.L u cy B.L u cy s C.J im D.J im,s1 2.T he gir l t he p u r p l e co at is his s is t er.A.at B.in C.o n D.w it h1 3.T her e is a bir d t he t r ee.A.in B.o n C.t o D.o f1 4.T her e ar e m an y in o u r s cho o l.A.w o m an t eacher s B.w o m an t eacherC.w o m en t eacher D.w o m en t eacher s1 5.I s t her e a bal l u n der t he des k?A.Yes,it isB.Yes,t her esC.No,t her e is n,tD.No,t her eis1 6.T her es o m e bo o k san dp en cil o n t he des k.A.am B.is C.ar eD.bea1 7.-L et m e hel p y o u.A.Yo u r e w el co m eB.T han k sv er y m u chC.D o n,t w o r r yD.Yes,t han k s1 8.o l d m an isE n gl is h t eacher.A.T he;an B.A n;an C.T he;t he D.A;a1 9.-Whatfiv e p l u s s ix?-t，s el ev en.A.am B.is C.ar eD./2 0.-Whaty o u s ee in t he p ict u r e?-1 can s ee s o m e fl o w er s.A.m u s t B.can C.ar e D.do二.完形填空T his is a p ict u r e o f K at s 1 _.What can w e _ 2 in t hep ict u r e?L o o k 3 it,p l eas e.T he m a n _ 4 t he bl ack co at isK at e s fat her,M r.G r een.T he 5 _ in t he r ed s w eat er is M r s.G r een.T hey 6 y o u n g.T he baby is K at e.T he l it t l e bo y is K at e s7,J im._ _ 8 _br o t her,M r.R ead.H eB.fam il yt he m an behin d M r s.G r een?Oh,he s 91 0 y o u n g,t o o.1.A.fam il ies2.A.l o o k3.A.at4.A.o n5.A.m an6.A.ar e7.A.s is t er8.A.What,s9.A.hisB.doB.aft erB.o fB.gir lB.isB.br o t herC.p ar en t sC.s eeC.fo rC.in DC.w o m en D.C.l o o k l ik eC.fat herB.Wher e s C.Who sB.her C.o u rD.br o t her sD.p u tD.u pt ow o m anD.l o o k in gD.au n tD.H o w i sD.t heir1 0.A.l o o k s B.am C.l o o k D.v er y三.在B栏中找出A栏英语句子的正确答语(A)1.H o w ar e y o u?2.C an y o u s p el l it,p l eas e?3.H o w do y o u do?4.What r o w ar e y o u in?5.What s t w o p l u s eight?6.Nice t o m eet y o u.7.H o w o l d ar e y o u?8.Who s n o t her e?9.Wher e is t he bag?1 0.What is t his in E n gl is h?(B)A.I am in R o w 6.B.F in e,t han k y o u.C.Yes,b-o-Q-k,bo o k.D.I t is t en.E.Nice t o m eet y o u,t o o.F.I am 1 4.G.Wan g P in g is.H.I t s her e.I.I t s a bo o k.J.H o w do y o u do?四.完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处J im:E x cu s e m e,A n n.Who s e bl ack do g is t his?I s it y o u r s?A n n:L et m e hav e a l o o k.1.I t hin k it s S am s.M y do gis br o w n.J im:S am,l o o k at t he do g behin d t he t r ee.2?S am:S o r r y,it is n,t m in e.M y do g is bl ack an d w hit e.I t hin k it l o o k sl ik e M ar y s.J im:3?S am:S he s m y fr ien d.L o o k!S he,s o v er t her e.L et s go an d as k her.J im:4.S am:H i,M ar y!I s t hat do g y o u r s?M ar y:5.S am:I t s a l o v el y do g!D o n,t l o s e it!M ar y:Yes,t han k y o u.A.Who s M ar yB.OK,l et s goC.Oh,n o it s n o t m in eD.Oh,y es.I t s m in eE.I s it y o u r s五.用所给单词的适当形式填空1 .(H e)p en is in (I)p en cil-bo x.2 .(Yo u)sh oe s(b e)u n der t he bed.3.(Who)n ew r u l er is t his?4 .-A r e t hes e t r o u s er s (y o u)?-No,t hey ar en,t (w e)5.I t s t im e(go)an d p l ay gam es.6.T his is m y p en.P l eas e giv e it t o(I).7.I hav e two(b a b y).8.L o o k!T hat is a(Ch i na)car.9.I t is(m y t eacher)s w eat er.1 0.No w her(p ar en t)ar e in A m er ica.六.阅读理解(A)Bob was born in a big and rich family.His father is a universityprofessor.He teaches American history.His mother is a very capable woman.She is the manager of a big company.She earns a lot of money,of course.Bob has two sisters and a brother.His elder sister,Jenny,is fourteen.She studies in a middle school.His younger sister,Ann,is ten.Shestudies in a private primary school.She has a very good memory.She isclever.His younger brother,Dick,is only six.He has just started goingto school.Bob gets on well with his family.He is on good terms not onlywith his parents,but also with his sisters and brother,(have a friendlyrelationship with sb.)He is,in a word,an apple in their eyes.根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答“A，错误的答“B”。1.Bob was born in a small and rich family.2.He has two brothers and a sister.3.There are five people in his family.4.Dick is only six.He studies in a private primary school.5.“He is an apple in their eyes“means“They love him very much”.(B)L ook at the clothes 1ine in the twins,bedroom.There are some clotheson it.You can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt.The trousers onthe clothes line are black.They are not new but clean.Are they L ilysclothes?No.I know they are Lucys.Lily，s clothes are on a clothes treenear the window.Her trousers are brown,her blouse is white and her skirtis blue.There is a new hat on the clothes tree,but its not Lilys,its Lucys.There is an old hat on Lucys bed in the room,its Lilys.There are no clothes on the other bed,the bed is Lilys.1.What can you see in the bedroom?I can see.A.a clothes line B.a tree C.a bed2.What colour are Lucys trousers?They are.A.green B.black C.brown3.Where is Lucys hat?Its on.A.the clothes tree B.the clothes line C.lily，s bed4.How many beds are there in the room?.A.only one B.three C.two5.Are there any things on Lilys bed?.A.Yes,there is a hat on itB.No,there is not anything on itC.Sorry,I dont know(0Its a fine Sunday morning.Ann and her mother are in a big bus.Thereare many people in it.Some of them come from America,and some come fromEngland and Canada.They are all their friends.They are going to theGreat Wall.There are two Chinese in the bus.One is woman.She is driving thebus.The other is a young man.He speaks good English.He is now talkingabout the Great Wall.The other people are all listening to him.Theylike the Great Wall.They want to see it very much.1.Ann and mother are going to the Great Wal 1.A.by bike B.by car C.by plane D.by bus2.There are.A.only one Chinese in the bus B.only two Chinese in the busC.only two Chinese on the bike D.only one Chinese in the car3.The driver is.A.a man B.a woman C.a Canadian D.an American4.The people.A.are singing B.are talking C.are listening D.are looking atthe wall5.They.A.can see the Great Wall B.can speak English very wel 1.C.want to talk with the man very much D.want to see the Great Wallvery much初一年级（下）【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.a bo t t l e o f2.a l it t l e3.a l o t (o f)4.al l day5.be fr o m6.be o v er7.co m e back8.co m e fr o m9.do o n e s ho m ew o r k1 0.do t he s ho p p in g1 1.get do w n1 2.get ho m e1 3.get t o1 4.get u p1 5.go s ho p p in g1 6.hav e a dr in k o f1 7.hav e a l o o k1 8.hav e br eak fas t1 9.hav e l u n ch2 0.hav e s u p p er2 1.l is t en t o2 2.n o t at al l23.put,away24.take off25.throw it like that26.would like27.in the middle of the day28.in the morning/afternoon/evening29.on a farm30.in a factoryII.重要句型1.L et sb.do sth.2.Could sb.do sth.?3.would like sth.4.would 1 ike to do sth.5.What aboutsomething to eat?6.How do you7.May I borrow？spell,?I I I.交际用语1.Thanks very much!You re welcome.2.Put it/them away.3.Whats wrong?4.I think so.I don，t think so.5.I want to take some books to the classroom.6.Give me a bottle of orange juice,please.Please give it/them back tomorrow.OK.9.Whats your favourite sport?10.Don，t worry.11.1 m(not)good at basketball.12.Do you want a go?13.Thats right./That s all right./All right.14.Do you have a dictionary/any dictionaries?Yes,I do./N o,I don,t.15.We/They have some CDs.We/They don t have any CDs.16.What day is it today/tomorrow?-It s Monday.17.May I borrow your colour pens,please?-Certainly.Here you are.18.Where are you from?-From Beijing.19.Whats your telephone number in N ew York?20.-Do you like hot dogs?-Yes,I do.(A little./A lot./Very much.)-N o,I dont.(I dont like them at all.)21.What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22.When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23.What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00.IV.重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2.祈使句；3.现在进行时的构成和用法；4.动词have的用法；5.一般现在时构成和用法；6.可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】Thats right./That s all right./All right.That s right意 为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：I think we must help the old man.我想我们应该帮助这位老人。“Thats right.或 Youre right.说得对。Thaf s all right.意 为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如:“Many thanks.”Thats all right.”“Sorry.Its broken.”Thats all right.”All right.意 为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”Please tell me about it.请把此事告诉我。”“All right.好吧。”Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2.make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me?你能为我做个纸船吗?He,s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。3.say/speak/talk/tel1say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：I want to go there by bus”,he said.他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English.请用英语说。speak:“说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词（即后面不能直接接宾语）。如：Can you speak about him?你能不能说说他的情况？I don,t like to speak like this.我不喜欢这样说话。speak作及物动词解时一，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。talk:与 speak意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词，不过，talk暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it.我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。tell:“告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：He s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。tell a lie 撒谎tell sb.to do sth./tell sb.not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4.do cooking/do the cookingdo cooking作 做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用some,much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing 写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some,much或定冠词。go shopping 去买东西go fishing去钓鱼go boating去划船go swimming 去游泳5.1 ike doing sth./1 ike to do sth.like doing sth.与like to do sth.意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：He likes playing football,but he doesn t like to play football withL i Ming.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。6.other/others/the other/anotherother表其余的，别的，Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗？others别的人,别的东西In the room some people are American,the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。the other表另一个（二者之中）one，the otherOne of my two brothers studies