2021中考英语专项复习九：非谓语动词.pdf

2021中考英语专项复习专题九：非谓语动词一、非谓语动词基本形式动 词：He asks me to help him often.谓语 非谓语1.谓语动词：时态/被动语态2.非谓语：do/to do/doing/done二、非谓语动词的判定非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点，主要为动词不定式和动名 词，在单项填空、词形填空和词组翻译题型中均有涉及。学生在做此类试题时应先分析本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后才能确定选用动词的哪种形式或者非谓语的哪种形式。如何确定使用动词的哪种形式具体讲解详见动词的时态，下面列举几种常见的判定非谓语动词形式的方法：1.如何判定本题该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：判断句子是否缺少谓语。当句子缺少谓语时，该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下，动词作谓语放在主语之后，如I love you.中，love就是谓语动词。当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与所填动词并列时,该动词就用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词可以在句子中作除谓语以外的任何成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语及插入语。三、非谓语动词的分类（不定式，动名词）1）不定式1.不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用t。,这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+to+动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。2.不定式的基本用法说明例句TolearnEnglishwellis use动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，避ful.免句子头重脚轻。其结构为It+be+adj.+t。do sth.=It isusefulto三learniiEnglishwell.It isgoodfor you如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前加一个for短to语。其结构为 It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.go out for awalk.It s notpoliteof him某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如to spkind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表语时，不定式之前可以加一eak to个of短语，用来说明动作的执行者。其结构为It+be+adj.+of sb.+toolddo sth.peoplelikethat.To goto sleepearly两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时，第一个不定式带t。,后面的不定and g式通常省略to etupearly isa goodhabit.I can1 t不定式用在及物动词后作宾语，常见的及物动词afford：begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hoI to buype,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promiseii a digiefuse,try,afford,agree,start,like 等taicameraat themoment.I find iteasy to在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后read面Englisheveryday.Mymotherencour ages常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词手me有:want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage 等卡to lea未rnA Japanesii e.一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略too这I often些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、hear Li四看(look at,see,watch,notice)o但变被动语态时必须加上to Mingsing in thenextroom.Youmusthelpme(to)do动词help后面的不定式，既可以带t。,也可以不带tomy homework thisafternoon.I havesome作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后 clothesto wash.iHe is如果不定式是不及物动词，且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系，looking则不定式要加上相应的介词for aroomto livein.Wehave alot ofthingsto taikabout.Mygrandma hadno当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时，不定式后面习惯上省略place介词to live(in)inthe olddays.不定式修饰 something,anything,nothing时，放在它们的后面，如I had果 something,anything,nothing 有形容词修饰，词序是 somethsomething/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式 ing coldto drink.To be agoodstudent不定式作目的状语时可放在句首或句尾,onemuststudyhard.We aresorry to保口某些形容词连用构成be+形容词+不定式”结构，作原因状语trouble*you.1 1He isoldenoughto go作程度或结果状语时，常与enough（表示肯定）或t。（表示否定）连 用to school.He istooyoungto goto school.Hiswish is to表示主语的 职业、职责或性质”等，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行解释说明becomiiea doctor.Hedidntknow不where匕矢to go.I、不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，在句中担当主=6go.t语、宾语、表语等成分、rFdidntknowwhereheshould动词不定式的特殊句型：too.to.太 而不能.0如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。.enough to.足够.。如：He is old enough to go to school.他足够大能去上学了。Why don,t you+省略to的不定式？=Why not+省略to的不定式？为什么不呢？如:Why dont you get her a photo album?=Why not get her a photoalbum?为什么不给她买个相册呢？had better+(not)+省略to的不定式。最好(不要)做如：Youd better not stay here today.你今天最好别待在这儿。Will you please+省略to的不定式?你愿意吗?如：Will you please close the door?能请你把门关上吗?prefer to do sth.rather than do s t h.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事如:I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我宁愿做更多的工作也不愿在家无所事事。It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to d o.做某事是.的”如:It is necessary for us to brush our teeth twice a day.一天刷两次牙对我们是有必要的。It+be+形容词+不定式If s hard to say which one is better彳艮难说哪一个更好。It+be+名词+不定式It was great fun to have a picnic there,在那里野餐很有意思。It+动词+名词茂（词+不定式It took me 2 hours to finish my homework.完成作业花了我两个小时的时间。2）.动名词1作主语单独作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果并列的动名词（短语）作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如：Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。Reading and writing are necessary for us.读书和写作对我们很有必要。2作表语动名词（短语）作表语可以转化为动名词（短语）作主语。如：His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.=Playing ping-pong is hisfavorite sport.他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。3作宾语动词宾语，多用来表示习惯性动作。如：I like playing football very mu ch.我非常喜欢踢足球。常跟动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy喜欢mind介意finish完成keep持续suggest 建议practice 练习consider 考虑miss错过imagine 想象avoid避免can t help忍不住go o n继续be worth 值得be busy忙于give up放弃succeed in成功，设法look forward to 期待be used to习惯于end up以 结束put off推迟pay attention to 注意be interested in 对.感兴趣注意：含有介词to 的固定短语：make(a)contribution(s)to 为.做贡献devote oneself to 献身,致力于.look forward to 期待,盼望preferto比起 更喜欢.be used to习惯.,适应.pay attention to；主意某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别l .forget doing sth.忘记做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（未做）I forget to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。I forget bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。2.remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。3.try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事Please try to do better next time.下次请设法做得更好些。He tried speaking in English.他试着用英语讲。4.hear/see sb.doing sth.听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/see sb.do sth.听见/看见某人做了某事I often see him play football我经常看见他踢球I saw him playing football went I passed当我经过的时候，我看见他正在踢球5.Stop to do sth停下去做某事Stop doing sth停止做某事Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一下这件事。Stop talking,please.请不要说话。6.Mean to do sth打算做某事Mean doing sth 意味着I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但我父亲不肯让我去。Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。现在分词与过去分词的区别1.在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个感到惊讶的人a moving film 一部感人的电影the moved people被感动的人们2.在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发达国家the rising sun正在升起的太阳the risen sun升起来的太阳易混句式 have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和 have sth.done 的区别l.have sb.d。sth.意 为“让某人做某事，have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵。让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。2.have sb.doing sth.表示 使某人作出某种反应 或 劝说/命令某人做某事；用于否定句时表示 允许/容忍某人做某事。Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。3.have sth.done意 为“让某事被别人做，即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。中考试练l .To live a low-carbon life,we must remember the lights when weleave the room.A.to turn off B.turning off C.not to turn off【答案】A【解析】句意为了过低碳生活，我们必须记得要在离开房间的时候关灯。此题考查固定结构用法。remember to do sth.记得要做某事,remember doing sth.记得做过某事,remember not to do sth.记得不要做某事，根据前文 为了过低碳生活”可以判断出，后文是提出的倡议，应该是 记得要关灯，因此选A。2.After long years of war,many people in Syria are homeless.I think itimportant a peaceful world.A.buildB.not buildC.to build D.not to build【答案】C【解析】句意:长年战争过后彳艮多叙利亚人变得无家可归。我认为建设一个和平的世界很重要。本题考查非谓语动词。根据think+it+adj.+todosth.结构可知此处要用不定式作think的真正的宾语，故答案为C项。3.My parents don,t allow me late.A.stay up B.to stay upC.stays up D.staying up【答案】B【解析】句意:我的父母不允许我熬夜。本题考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事。4Joining a summer camp is a great chance free time with yourfriends.A.spend B.spending C.to spend【答案】C【解析】句意:参加夏令营是和你的朋友们一起度过空闲时光的好机会。本题考查非谓语动词。a chance t。d。sth.意为 一个做某事的机会，故选择C。5.We have worked so long.Shall we stop a rest?A.have B.to havingC.having D.to have【答案】D【解析】句意:我们已经工作了那么长时间了。我们停下来休息一下可以吗?本题考查动词不定式。stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情,stop to do sth.停止正在做的事情去做另一件事。根据句意可知是停止工作去休息，故答案为D项。6.1 f s necessary for us to our parents when we have problems.A.to talk B.talking C.talk【答案】A【解析】句意:当我们遇到问题时和父母谈谈对我们来说是必要的。本题考查非谓语动词。由固定句型It is+adj.+for sb to do sth.做某事对于某人来说是 可知答案为Ao7.Mr.Smith told his son the football match because of the exam.A.not to watch B.to not watchC.not watching D.doesn,t watch【答案】A【解析】句意:因为考试史密斯先生告诉他儿子不要看足球赛。tell sb.not to dosth.让某人不要做某事。所以A项符合题意。8.No wad ays,it s convenient and cheap for us a shared-bicycle.A.ride B.to ride C.flying D.to fly【答案】B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：现如今 共享单车对我们来说是方便并且便宜的。此处考查it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。根据句意和固定短语ride a bicycle 可知。故选 Bo9.The Smiths have decideda house near the sea.A.buy B.bought C.buying D.to buy【答案】D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：史密斯一家已经决定在海边 一座房子。decide to do sth.是固定搭配,意为 决定做某事。故选DolO.The students are used to physical exercises in the morning.A.do B.doing C.did D.have done【答案】B【解析】句意:学生们习惯在早晨进行身体锻炼。固定短语be used to doingsth.意为 习惯做某事，故本题选择Boll.Smoking is not allowed here.Don t forget your cigarette.A.to put out B.putting outC.to put off D.putting off【答案】A【解析】句意:这里不允许吸烟。不要忘记熄灭你的烟。put out意为 扑灭熄灭 ；put off意为 推迟，根据句意可排除C和D。forget tod。sth.意为 忘记要做某事”，故本题选择A。12.lt took my sister three hours reading this interesting story.A.to finish B.finished C.finishing D.finish【答案】A【解析】句意:我姐姐花费了三个小时读完这个有趣的故事。固定句型Ittakes/took sb.some time to do sth.意 为“某人花费多长时间做某事”，故本题应选A。13.Why is Li Ming practicing speaking English?abroad for further study.A.Go B.Gone C.To go D.Goes【答案】C【解析】句意:李明为什么在练习说英语?为了出国深造。本题考查不定式作目的状语的用法。特殊疑问词why用于提问原因，动词不定式可用来表示目的，故本题选择C。用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.The girl a lw a y s(f o r g e t)her things everywhere.2.The b e l l(r i n g).The s t u d e n t s(s t o p)talking and gotready for the class.3.L o o k!I t(r a i n)outside.Neither of u s(wa n t)to goboating now.4.J i m(n o t finish)reading the book yet.But h e(r e t u r n)it the day after tomorrow.5.The trees m u s t(p l a n t)and the sand c a n(s t o p)frommoving toward to the rich farmland.6.Some t r e e s(c u t)down in America now.7.When your wo r k(d o),you c a n(g o)and play.8.He(g o)to college after h e(f i n i s h)school next year.9.1 have tried three times.Let me(t r y)a fourth time.10.He was m a d e(w o r k)for more than nine hours a day.【答案】l.forgets.2.rang;stopped.3.is raining;wants.4.hasn t finished;will return.5.be planted;be stopped.6.are being cut.7.is done;go.8.will go;finishes.9.try lO.to work.