2021考研英语二真题和答案.pdf

2021考研英语二真题和答案2021年全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numberedblank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SH EET.(10 points)Thinner isnt always better.A number of studies have _ 1 _ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseasescompared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditionsfor which being overweight is actually _ 2 _.For example,heavierwomen are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women._ 3 _ among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an_ 4 _ of good health.Of even greater _ 5 _ is the fact that obesity turns out to be verydifficult to define.It is often defined _ 6 _ body mass index,or BMI.BMI _7 _ body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with aBMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight.Between 25 and30 is overweight.And over 30 is considered obese.Obesity,_ 8 _,canbe divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severelyobese.While such numerical standards seem 9,they are not.Obesity isprobably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a highBMI are in fact extremely fit,10 others with a low BMI may be in poor11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players 12 asobese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someonewith a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an)_14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.Theoverweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,andlower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionalshave been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very youngchildren tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about bodybuild has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,_18_in health concerns,havestimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system hasbanned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have institutedweight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched ahigh-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity,even claiming that itrepresents our greatest national security threat.1.A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured 2.A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome 3.A Instead B H owever C Likewise D Therefore 4.A indicator B objective C origin D example 5.A impact B relevance C assistance D concern 6.A in terms of B in case of C in favor of D in of 7.A measures B determines C equals D modifies 8.A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part 9.A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward 10.A so B unlike C since D unless 11.A shape B spirit C balance D taste 12.A start B quality C retire D stay 13.A strange B changeable C normal D constant 14.A option B reason C opportunity D tendency 15.A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored 16.A B combined C settled D associated 17.A Even B Still C Yet D Only 18.A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded 19.A discussions B businesses C policies D studies 20.A for B against C with D without Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SH EET.(40points)Text 1 What would you do with 590m This is now a question for GloriaMackenzie,an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lotteryjackpot in history.If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lastingfeelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than read H appy Money byElizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to showthat the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars andextravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wearsoff fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on experiences,say MsDumn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even goingto the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable withtime-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling moreconnected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well aslottery winners get the most happiness bang for your buck.It seemsmost people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes towork,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watchingtelevision(something the average American spends a whopping twomonths a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving tocharity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,andluxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This isapparently the reason MacDonalds restricts the availability of its popularMcRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into anobject of obsession.Readers of H appyMoney are clearly a privileged lot,anxious aboutfulfillment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but peoplein wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yetthe link between feeling good and spending money on others can beseen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcityenhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone willagree with the authors policy ideas,which range from mandating moreholiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.Butmost people will come away from this book believing it was money wellspent.21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is themost rewarding purchase AA big house BA special tour CA stylish car DA rich meal 22.The authors attitude toward Americans watching TV is Acritical Bsupportive C sympathetic Dambiguous 23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that Aconsumers are sometimes irrational Bpopularity usually comes after quality Cmarketing tricks are after effective Drarity generally increases pleasure 24.According to the last paragraph,H appy Money Ahas Ie代 much room for readerscriticism Bmay prove to be a worthwhile purchase Chas predicted a wider income gap in the us Dmay give its readers a sense of achievement 25.This text mainly discusses how to Abalance feeling good and spending money Bspend large sums of money won in lotteries Cobtain lasting satisfaction from money spent Dbecome more reasonable in spending on luxuries Text 2 An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empiricalresearch says that,actually,you think you re more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and wenaturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research intowhat the call the above average effect,or illusory superiority,and shownthat,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above average inleadership,93%in driving and 85%at getting on well with othersallobviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirmingsituations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply negativestereotypes to others to boost our own esteem,we stalk around thinkingwere hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a keystudying into self-enhancement and attractiveness.Rather that havepeople simply rate their beauty compress with others,he asked them toidentify an original photogragh of themselves from a lineup includingversions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visualrecognition,reads the study,is an automatic psychological processoccurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent consciousdeliberation.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which must did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was thereany evidence that,those who self-enhance the must(that is,theparticipants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real)were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.In fact those whothought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were realdirectly corresponded with those who showed other makers for havinghigher self-esteem.I dont think the findings that we having have are anyevidence of personal delusion,says Epley.Its a reflection simply ofpeople generally thinking well of themselves.If you are depressed,youwont be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley s study,it makessense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-onone level,they dont even recognise the person in the picture asthemselves,Facebook therefore,is a self-enhancers paradise,wherepeople can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of theirw it,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyle its not that peoples profiles aredishonest,says catalina toma of WisconMadison university,but theyportray an idealized version of themselves.26.According to the first paragraph,social psychologist have foundt hat.A our self-ratings are unrealistically high B illusory superiority is baseless effect C our need for leadership is unnatural D self-enhancing strategies are ineffective 27.Visual recognition is believed to be peoples A rapid watching B conscious choice C intuitive response D automatic self-defence 28.Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to A underestimate their insecurities B believe in their attractiveness C cover up their depressions D oversimplify their illusions 29.The word Viscerally(Line 2,para.5)is closest in meaning t o.Ainstinctively Boccasionally C particularly Daggressively 30.It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancers paradisebecause people c a n.Apresent their dishonest profiles Bdefine their traditional life styles Cshare their intellectual pursuits Dwithhold their unflattering sides 马 1!追高歌觥 挹 那。胡口月可。口 初 酬 口 锌 祖。口洋金口申触封口 颊酬同到广 髯 口 总号 理 景 裂 口 嬖 眈翠 含制 9)目多益旨。口拓 品e)9号 口 麝髯2心 胜 酬 醺 肥 髓 鹫。既它!1誓 飓 用 它 口 船 邛蹒髯。口 口%口 施 军%儡