2022年高考英语新题型（概要写作 读后续写）点拨.pdf

第 一 讲 现 象+原 因+结 论 一、篇 章 分 析（）There have been big changes in the attitudes of most parents over the last few years.Physicalpunishment is banned in schools in most countries,and in many countries,there are moves to ban allphysical punishment of children even at home.However,many parents still believe that they have theright to use some physical punishments to deal with certain misbehavior at certain ages.It*s easy to find reasons to allow some physical punishments.One issue is that many parents find itvery difficult to abandon physical punishment completely.Parents argue that this was the way they werebrought up and that it didn*t do any harm to them.They believe that for the childs sake they have theright to discipline the child in any way they consider fit,including using some physical punishments.The other one is that physical punishment can be quick and efTective.There is not much point reasoningwith a screaming child in the supermarket.However,there are two major reasons why we should stop using physical punishment.One point isthat most parents are not trained to deal with misbehaving children.They don*t have enough resources orchoices to handle the situation.As a result,they immediately react by hitting the child even if there areother solutions to the problem.Another point is that unless people are challenged or forced to changetheir belief,they may keep following negative habits.An example is seat belt use now most peoplewear seat belts without thinking,while years ago the idea of using seat belts was strange to most people.In the same way,banning physical punishment will force people to change their habits.In conclusion,parents have to change some of their belief and ideas about how children should beraised.It is possible to avoid the use of physical force,and doing so will help us move closer to thedream of removing violence from our society.1）文 章 结 构 分 析（现 象 1）There have been big changes in the attitudes of most parents over the last fbw years.Physical punishment is banned in schools in most countries,and in many countries,there aremoves to ban all physical punishment of children even at home.However（转 折 结 构 标 志）,（现象 2）many parents still believe that they have the right to use some physical punishments to dealwith certain misbehavior at certain ages.（积 极 原 因 总 起）Its easy to find reasons to allow some physical punishm ents.（并 列 结 构 标 志）One issue is that many parents find it very difficult to abandon physical punishmentcompletely.Parents argue that this was the way they were brought up and that it didnt do anyharm to them.（积 极 原 因 1）They believe that for the child*s sake they have the right to disciplinethe child in any way they consider fit,including using some physical punishm ents.（并 歹 U 结 构 标 志）The other on physical punishment can be quick and e ffe c tiv e.（积 极 原 因 2）There is notmuch point reasoning with a screaming child in the supermarket.However,（转 折 结 构 标 志）（消 极 原 因 总 起）there are two major reasons why we shouldstop using physical punishment.（消 极 原 因 1）One point is that most parents are not trained to dealwith misbehaving children.They dont have enough resources or choices to handle the situation.As a result,they immediately react by hitting the child even if there are other solutions to thep ro b lem.（并 歹 U 结 构 标 志）Another point is that unless people are challenged or forced to changetheir belief they may keep following negative habits.An example is seat belt use now mostpeople wear seat belts without thinking,while years ago the idea of using seat belts was strange tomost people.In the same way,banning physical punishment will force people to change theirh a b it s.（消 极 原 因 2）（结 论 标 志）In conclusion,（结 论）parents have to change some of their belief and ideasabout how children should be raised.It is possible to avoid the use of physical force,（目 的）anddoing so will help us move closer to the dream of removing violence from our society.2）思 维 导 图现 象：changes in the attitudes ofparents;physical punishment;积 极 原 因：allone issue:no the other one:harm quick,effective消 极 原 因：b an)one point:parents are not trained another point:forcepeople to changehabits 论：change belief and ideas to avoid physical fore，3）句 子 呈 现 现 象：原 文：There have been big changes in the attitudes of most parents over the last few years.Many parentsstill believe that they have the right to use some physical punishments to deal with certain misbehaviorat certain ages.彳 修 改 后：Many parents have changed their attitudes towards physical punishment.Nevertheless,someparents still insist on using it.原 因 1原 文：it didnt do any hann to them；physical punishment can be quick and effective.修 改 后：They think physical punishment is harmless,quick and effective.原 因 2原 文：most parents are not trained to deal with misbehaving children;banning physical punishment willforce people to change their habits.修 改 后：But physical punishment should be banned for two major reasons.For one thing,parents canthandle the situation well without proper training.For another,it is a good habit to stop punishing.结 果 原 文：parents have to change some of their belief and idea；avoid the use of physical force.修 改 后：So those parents should raise their awareness of avoiding physical force.4)篇 章 呈 现Many parents have changed their attitudes towards physical punishment.Nevertheless,someparents still insist on using it.They think physical punishment is harmless,quick and effective.Butphysical punishment should be banned for two major reasons.For one thing,parents can*t handle thesituation well without proper training.For another,it is a good habit to stop punishing.So those parentsshould raise their awareness of avoiding physical force.（二）Cycling isnt always easy.Busy streets,noisy horns,and inadequate bike lanes and parking areascan make it an uphill battle.But not even these difficulties can stop Europeans passion for cycling.According to BBC,bicycles outsold cars in 26 of the European Unions 28 states last year.There are traditional bicycle capital,such as Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Copenhagen inDenmark.But in many other traditionally car-made countries,the shift to bikes is striking.Italians,forinstance,bought 1.6 million bikes against 1.4 million cars in 2012.So what has led to cyclings growing popularity in Europe?The economic crisis has played an important role in the issue.The economic crisis has had aneffect on all areas of peoples lives,including on transport/*Giulietta Pagliaccio,head of the Italiancycling federation FIAB,told the Australian Associated Press.Since the European debt crisis broke out in 2009,more people lost their jobs while the cost ofliving,including fuel costs,continued to rise.It forced many people to give up driving to save money,the Guangzhou-based New Express commented.Take Greece,a country seriously hit by the crisis,fbrexample.It sold 320000 bikes last year against 58000 cars.More importantly,people have changed their views toward cars and bikes.Cars are losing theirappeal as status symbols.Yet,cycling is now seen as a safe,clean,healthy,inexpensive way to getaround town”，the Daily Star concluded.*It not only reduces traffic jam and pollution,but alsocontributes to public health.nHowever,with more and more people turning to cycling,questions remain about traffic and safetyproblems.To ease peoples worries,dozens of cities have joined a European Union to make bicycles equal tocars as a fbnn of urban transport.Quite a few cities now offer well-marked bike lanes,such as thecycling super-highway marked in blue in London.It runs all over the city,from the center to thesuburbs.1）文 章 结 构 分 析 Cycling isnt always easy.Busy streets,noisy horns,and inadequate bike lanes and parking areascan make it an uphill battle.But not even these difficulties can stop Europeans passion for cycling.（现 象）According to BBC,bicycles outsold cars in 26 of the European Union,s 28 states last year.There are traditional Hbicycle capital,such as Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Copenhagen inDenmark.But in many other traditionally car-made countries,the shift to bikes is striking.Italians,forinstance,bought 1.6 million bikes against 1.4 million cars in 2012.So what has led to cyclings growing popularity in Europe?（原 因 标 志）（原 因 1）The economic crisis has played an important role in the issue.The economic crisis hashad an effect on all areas of peoples lives,including on transport/Giulietta Pagliaccio,head of theItalian cycling federation FIAB,told the Australian Associated Press.Since the European debt crisis broke out in 2009,more people lost their jobs while the cost ofliving,including fuel costs,continued to rise.It forced many people to give up driving to save money,the Guangzhou-based New Express commented.Take Greece,a country seriously hit by the crisis,fbrexample.It sold 320000 bikes last year against 58000 cars.（递 进 标 志）More importantly,people have changed their views toward cars and bikes.Cars arelosing their appeal as status symbols.Yet,cycling is now seen as na safe,clean,healthy,inexpensiveway to get around town,the Daily Star concluded.It not only reduces traffic iam and pollution,butalso contributes to public health.”（原 因 2）（转 折 标 志）However、with more and more people turning to cycling,questions remain abouttraffic and safety Droblems.（问 题）（结 论 标 志）To ease peoples worries,dozens of cities have joined a European Union（结 论）tomake bicycles equal to cars as a form of urban transport.Quite a few cities now offer well-marked bikelanes、（结 论）such as the cycling super-highway marked in blue in London.It runs all over the city,from the center to the suburbs.2）思 维 导 图 3）句 子 呈 现 现 象 原 文：not even these difficulties can stop Europeanspassion for cycling.修 改 后：In recent years,more and more Europeans prefer riding bikes.原 因 一 原 文：The economic crisis；It forced many people to give up driving to save money.修 改 后：For one thing,people cant afford cars because of financial problems.原 因 二 原 文：It not only reduces traffic jam and pollution,but also contributes to public health.修 改 后：For another,cycling is of great benefit to cyclists themselves as well as the environment fbrbeing green low-carbon.结 论 原 文：questions remain about traffic and safety problems；to ease peopled worries；joined a EuropeanUnion;bike lanes修 改 后：Therefore,a certain number of measures have been taken toprovide road security forcyclists.4）篇 章 呈 现 In recent years,more and more Europeans prefer riding bikes.For one thing,people cant afford carsbecause of financial problems.For another,cycling is of great benefit to cyclists themselves as well as theenvironment for being green low-carbon.Therefore,a certain number of measures have been taken toprovide road security for cyclists.（三）Studies have shown that children from poor families have more difficulty in school than other boysand girls.Children with higher socioeconomic roots seem better prepared and perfbnn better on schooltests.Now,American researchers may have found a biological reason for that difference.They founddifferences in the brains of students who had low standardized test scores.Their brains hadless graymatter and their temporal lobes developed more slowly than the other children.Thefindings werereported in the journal JAMAPediatrics.Temporal lobes and gray matter are very important brain areas,says researcher Barbara Wolfe.nThe brain areas are critical in the sense that they keep developing untilindividuals are well into their adolescence or early 20s,and critical in the sense that theyare importantfbr executive function,she said.Researchers studied brain images of nearly 400 children and young adults.The youngest subjectswere four years old.The oldest were 22.Researchers looked fbr a connection between the personssocioeconomic status and his or her test results.On average,young people from poor families had testscores between three and four points below what is expected for their age group.The poorest studentsscored between eight and 10 points below the developmental norm.Ms.Wolfe says there are several reasons why poorer students often have lower scores.One reasoncould be poor children do not get the food they need fbr healthy development.Poor parents are lesslikely to stimulate their childrens brains throughtalk,play,and activities.Ms.Wolfe also blames thestress that parents face in trying to deal with poverty,putting food on the table.The researchers saythat up to 20 percent of the achievement gap,or difference in test performance,could be tied to poverty.Ms.Wolfe suggests early action may improve the brain development of children living in poverty.Reaching out to children when they are very young could help raise their test scores and academicperformance when they are older.1）文 章 结 构 分 析（现 象）Studies have shown hat children from poor families have more difficulty in school thanother boys and girls.Children with higher socioeconomic roots seem better prepared and perform betteron school tests.Now,American researchers may have found a biological reason（原 因 标 志）for that difference.They found differences in the brains of students who had low standardized test scores.Their brainshadlcss gray matter and their temporal lobes developed more slowly than the other children.（原 因）Thefindings were reported in the journal JAMAPediatrics.Temporal lobes and gray matter are veryimportant brain areas,says researcher Barbara Wolfe.nThe brain areas are critical in the sense that theykeep developing until individuals are well into their adolescence or early 20s,and critical in the sensethat theyare important for executive function/she said.Researchers studied brain images of nearly 400 children and young adults.The youngest subjectswere four years old.The oldest were 22.Researchers looked for a connection between the person*ssocioeconomic status and his or her test results.On average,young people from poor families had testscores between three and four points below what is expected for their age group.The poorest studentsscored between eight and 10 points below the developmental norm.Ms.Wolfe says there are several reasons why poorer students often have lower scores.One reason（原 因 标 志）could be poor children do not get the food they need for healthy development.（原 因 2）Poor parents are less likely to stimulate their childrens brains throughtalk、play,and activities.（原 因 3）Ms.Wolfe also blames the nstress that parents face in trying to deal with poverty,putting food on thetable.”（原 因 4）The researchers say that up to 20 percent of the achievement gap,or difference in testperformance,could be tied to poverty.（结 论）Ms.Wolfe suggests early action may improve the brain development of children living inpoverty.Reaching out to children when they are very young could help raise their test scores andacademic performance when they are older.2）思 维 导 图 3）句 子 呈 现 现 象 原 文：Children from poor families have more difficulty in school than other boys and girls.Childrenwith higher socioeconomic roots seem better prepared and perform better on school tests.合 并 修 改 后:Recently,a study reveals the link between a chil