人教版新目标初二英语八年级下册Unit1.pdf

Unit 1Will people have robots?一、词汇聚焦（一）.单词拓展：1.everything每件事情 something某事、某物 f anything任何事情f nothing什么也没有2.pollution 动词：pollute3.agree 反义词：disagree4.alone 同义词：lonely5.probably 同义词：maybe/perhaps 6.unpleasant 反义词：pleasant7.impossible 反义词：possible（二）.短语荟萃：1.space station 太空站3.go skating 去滑冰5.hundreds of 许多，大量7.credit card 信用卡9.paper tiger 纸老虎1 l.fall down倒下，落下13.next year 明年2.fall in love with 爱上4.in the future 在将来6.paper money 纸币puter programmer电脑程序设计师10.agree with sb.同意某人的意见12.next week 下周14.in 100 years 过一百年后15.live alone单独居住 16.feel lonely感到孤独二、语法详解（一）、一般将来时态1.概念：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与将来时间如 tomorrow,next week,next year 等连用。2.构成：由助动词will+动词原形构成，有时也可用shall+动词原形。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩略为川，will n o t常缩略为wonk3.用法：表示对未来的“预见”，或表示一种“意图”。e.g.He will meet you at the airport.（他将来在机场接你。）Will people use money in 100 years?（一百年后人们会使用钱吗？）People wont use paper money in 100 years.（一百年后人们不会使用纸币了。）一般将来时的肯定句式常为：主语+will+动词原形；否定句式为：主语+woift+动词原形；疑问句式为：will+主语+动词原形。（二）、be going to 表示将来be going to+动词原形也表示将要发生的动作或安排，重点强调主观愿望，有“计划、准备、打算”之意。e.g.Im going to play piano this evening.（今晚我准备弹钢琴。）What are you going to do tomorrow?（明天你打算干什么？）（三）、there b e 的一般将来时there b e 表示“有”，用于“某地有某物”句型。它的一般将来时则为therewill be（注意：这时be不再作变化）e.g.There will be more pollution in the future.（将来会有更多的污染。）Will there be fewer trees?（将来的树木会更少吗？）一般将来时态的标志词：1 .含 tomorrow;next 短语；2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.bythe time sb.do.6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb.will do 7.在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时8.another day三.重难点解析1.fewer people更少的人less free time 更少的空闲时间fewei修饰名词复数，表示否定；less修饰不可数名词，表示否定2.in ten years 10 年后in 的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon3.hundreds of+复数 数百/几百 概数，类似还有 thousands of;millions of4.A be different from B A 与 B 不同=There is a difference/There are differences between A and B5.get bored变得厌倦get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited 等6.go skating 去滑冰 类似还有 go hiking/fishing/skating/bike riding 等7.lotsof/alotof 许 多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）8.On a piece of paper 在一张纸上注意 paper/information/news/work/homework/housework 等常考到的不可数名词9.be able to 与 can 能、会be able to用于各种时态，而 can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而 must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：1）.1 have been able to/will be able to speak two languages.（不可以用can）2）.had to stay at home/will have to（不可以用 must）四、句型概览1.What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?2.There will be fewer trees more buildings and less pollution in the future.fewer；less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；加。忆二者都可以修饰。3.Will kids go to school?No,they won91/Yes,they wilL4.Predicting the future can be difficult.5.1 need to look smart for my job interview.6.1 will be able to dress more casually.7.1 think Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation,and one day I might even visitAustralia.8.What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?9.That may not seem possible now,but computers,space rockets and evenelectric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.五、能力测试你一定能选对下列各题吧！1.They say there a new bridge across the river in tow years.A.will have B.is going to be C.has2.Jim,you are late!Sorry,I next time.A.dont B.wont C.havent3.There is little coffee left at h o m e,t h e r e?A.is B.isnt C.will4.Do you think there no students at school in the future?A.will B.wont be C.will5.Tom will visit our school two weeks.A.in B.after C.atUnit 2What should I do?一、词汇聚焦（一）、单词拓展.comfbrt（形容词）.2.Keep out:不让.进入Keep sb/sth out of s th不让某人或某物进入某处Keep that dog out of my study别让那狗进入我的书房3.argue:争论，争吵argue with sb:与某人争论argue with sb about s th:为某事为某人争辩4,除.之外except:不包括we go to school everyday except Saturday and Sunday.besides:包括B esides math homework,you should hand in your English homework.5.re turn means give back:归还6.get on:进展get on w ith:与.相处get on well with:与.相处得好（融洽）7.surprise:使惊奇，使意外拓展:be surprised:感到吃惊,in surprised:惊奇地She looked her mother in surprised.To ones surprised:使某人惊奇（吃惊）的是To my surprised the door was broken.使我惊奇的是门坏 了。8.th e y反身代词注：第一、第三人称反身代词由形容词性物主代词+self（selves）构成.第三人称反身代词由人称代词宾格形式+self（selves）构成.9.color-colorful注：一些名词后加fill构成形容词，表示具有某种性质。如helpfill,useful,careful-lO.enough:修饰名词，放在名词前，意为“足够的，充足的”例如：I have enough time to do my homework.修饰形容词或副词，放在其后，意为“足够地，十分地”例如：Is he old enough?他年纪足够大吗？Enough to:足够.可以.The girl is old enough to go to school.那女孩到上学的年龄了。或译为“那女孩年龄大，足够能上学了”plain about(of)sth:对某事不满抱怨My mother complained of high prices of fbod:我母亲对商品价格太高表示不满.(二)、短语荟萃Lout of style:过时的,相当于 out of fashion 反义词是 in style.2.need to d o 和 need doing都表示“需要做某事”主语是人时用need to doThey need to rest for a while.主语是物时用need doingOur classroom needs cleaning now.我们的教室现在需要打扫了.3.What7 s wrong?What s wrong with sb/sth?Something is wrong with.=there is something wrong with，.出 了毛病.4.ask sb for sth:要求某人给某物You should ask your parents for something.Ask for sth:要求某事He asked for some time to think all this over.他要求给他一些时间把这一切好好想一想.5上 orrow fi*om，向.借6.not until:直 至 I .才.He didn t go to bed until he finished his homework Last night.他昨晚直至U 完成作业才上床睡觉.二、语法详解Lshoukk情态动词，表示责任，义务。意为“应该，应当”，后跟动词原形,也是shall的过去式.you should write him a letter.you should say you are sorry.what should I do?They shouldnz t argue.2.could:表示“行，可以”也是can的过去式Could you help me?表示委婉的语气，不表过去.3.表建议Why don t you+动原+？Why not+动原+？4.see sb doing sth:看见某人在做某事：强调正在做某事.see sb do sth:看见某人在做了某事：强调做完了或做过.I saw some boys playing basket-ball on the playground.I saw a boy run into the classroom.我看见一个男孩跑进教室里去了.三.重难点解析L it做形式主语与形式宾语.It is+形容词+for sb+to do sth对某人而言做某事.It is difficult for Hanmei to learn English well.对韩梅来说学好英语很难.find it+形+to do sth:发现做某事.I found it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语难.2.you don t know where your ID card is.你不知道你的身份证在哪里.Where:起连接主句与从句的作用。表地点.3.else:形容词”别的，其它的”用在不定代词，疑问代词，疑问副词之后.Do you want anything else?你还想要别的东西吗？What else did he say?他还说了别的什么事情？Where else did you go?你还到那儿去 了？4.My friend wears the same clothes and has the same hair cut as I do.我朋友穿着与我同样的衣服，留着同样的发式.like和 a s 都有“像一样”的意思as后接从句或省略的从句，但 like后接名词或代词I have the same idea as you have.我和你有相同的注意.I have a new coat like yours.我有一件和你相同的大衣.like 常与系动词或代词搭配，An：look like/be like/like this/like that.而 a s 常与动词搭配：如work as5.My friend has nicer clothes than I do.我朋友的衣服比我的更好看.do是动词，在该句中代替has nice clothes,在英语中，为避免动词在一句子中重复出现，常用do来代替前面的动词，do的这种用法称为“代动词”.She studied harder than I did.她原来学习比我努力.6.l end 与 borrowlend:指把东西借给别人“借出”borrow:指向别人借东西 借入lend sth to sb:把某物借给某人-lend sb sthborrow sth from sb:向某人借某物.7.It may be a hat=Maybe it is a hat.它也许是一顶帽子.may：情态动词 maybe：副 词（也许，可能）8.to。much后接不可数名词，意为“太多的”much too后接形容词或副词，意为“太”He eats too much food,so he is much too fat.他吃的食物太多，因此他太胖了.四.句型概览1.1 m very upset and don t know what to do?我很烦并且不知道做什么？upset做形容词。“不安，不快，心烦意乱的 常与a b o u t连用.表示对“对.心烦意乱，为心烦”She was very upset about her father illness.她为父亲的病情感到烦恼.She was upset at the news.她为哪个消息而心烦意乱.What to d o:是动词不定式跟疑问词连用，构成名词短语.作k n o w的宾语，不定式前的疑问词可以是what,how,when,where等。注：这种结构往往可能转化成一个主从复合句，不定式可改为由一个疑问词引导的宾语从句。如：I don t know what to do?=I don t know what I should do.Tom doesn t know how to get there.Tom doesn t know how he can get there.2.What s the matter with*?What s wrong with*?What s the troublewith?表：怎么 啦(出 什 么 毛 病 了)？3.you could/should+动原+.表提建议.You could/should write a letter to him.你可以/应该给他写信.注：某些句型前两部分已涉及到，不再做详解.五.能力测试1.按要求完成句子.Li lei doesn t know how he can learn English well.(改简单句)Li lei doesn t know.There is something wrong with my watch.(改同意句)wrong with my watch.我的毛衣过时了(汉译英)He has some apples,too(改否定句)He a p p l e s.You should write him a letter.(划线部分提问)_ do?2.用所给词的适当形式填空.He is a(h e lp)m a n.I have more pears t h a n(s h e)we are s o r r y(h e a r)o f his father death.(4)1 felt q u i t(s u r p r i s e)a t the bad news.You s h o u ld(b e)fr ie n d ly fbr others.(6)1(argue)with my best friend just now.he could do nothing e x c e p t(read)a book.I need to get some mo n e y(pay fbr)that bike.六.例文赏析以How to get on well with others”为题,写一篇不少于100字的短文，要求语句通顺,语法正确.In our daily life,we have to come into contact（接触）with people in every walk oflife.So it is very important for us to know how to get on with other people.To get onwell with others and win their fhendship（友谊）.We must observe strictly thefollowing words.（我们必须做到以下所述）First,we need to be honest（诚实的）with others and should always say what wemean.Lies（说谎）will surely make people stay far away from us.After all,honestyis the best policy.Second,we have to be humble（谦逊地）enough.if we are proud（骄傲地）in public.We can hardly win others respect（尊重）.not to mention“friendship”.Finally,we must not be selfish（自私的）.we should be kind to othersinstead.We should learn how to care fbr others.If we do this,we will find it easy toget on well with others.Unit 3What were you doing when the UFOarrived?一、词汇聚焦 ,（一）、单词拓展l.buy 过去式 bought2.usual 反义词 unusual3.get过去式got5.ru n 过去式ran7.hear 过去式 heard9.tell 过去式 told1 l.mean 名词 meaning13.hero 复数 heroes15.strange 名词 stranger17.woman 复数 women19.run 现在分词 running21.shop 形容词 shopping23.have 过去式 had4.ride 过去式 rode6.meet过去式met8.ring 过去式 rang10.recent 形容词 recently12.become 过去式 became14.fly过去式flew16.down反义词up18.crowd 形容词 crowded20.final 副词 finally22.take 过去式 took24.close 反义词 open25.get 现在分词 getting（二）、短语荟萃1 .take place 发生3.get out（of）出来5.run away跑开；逃跑7.hear about 听说9.in front of 在.前面11.sleep late 起的晚13.cut hear 理发15.go into a store 走进一家商店17.climb the tree 爬树2.barber shop 理发店4.takeoff起飞;脱衣服e in 进来8.asas像.样10.in the barbers chair 在理发椅上12.get out of the shower 洗完澡出来14.buy a souvenir 买纪念品16.call the police打电话叫警察18.take a photo 照相19.ride his bike 骑车子 20.look for 寻找21.at the doctors 在诊所/医院 22.have English class 上英语课23.the news of important events 重大事件的新闻24.in history 在历史上 25.fbr example 例如26.at the time 在那时27.have fun=have a good time=have a great time=enjoy oneself 玩的高兴；过的愉快28.of course=sure=certainly 当然 29.on the earth 在地球上30.on the moon在月球上31.become a national hero 成为民族英雄32.all over the world=around the world 世界各地33.make a decision 做出决定34.be supposed to=should 应当；理应二、语法详解1.过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表示的时间状语连用。例如I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.构成：肯定形式：主语+was/were+doing.否定形式：主语+was not/were not+doing.疑问形式：was/were+主语+doing?与过去进行时连用的时间状语有；at this/that time,at this time yesterday/lastnight/，at+点钟+yesterday/Sunday What are you doing at 7：00 yesterday.2.when和 while引导的时间状语从句。when表 示“当时候”从句中可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词，这些动词既可以表示动作，又可以表示状态。从句中的动作既可以和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后。例如：Mary was having dinner when I saw her.The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning.while表示“在 的后面”“在期间”。它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的过程中。从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动作。The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.Dont talk so loud while others are working.While she was talking on the phone,Davy met another dog outside the station.W hen和 while引导的时间状语从句可以相互转换。The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down,the UFO landed.The girl was shopping when the alien got out.=While the girl was shopping,the alien got out.三、重、难点解析1.be surprised(某人)很吃惊He was surprised when I saw him.2.be scared(某人)给吓坏了He was scared when he heard the strange voice.3.follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事I followed it to see where it was going.4.say“hello/“sorry/“good bye”to sb向某人问好/道歉/倒别5.have fun doing sth 愉快的做某事We have firn speaking and learning English.6.表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法：be/become+upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是 ing结尾单词.)例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard thesurprising/interesting/amazing news.四、句型概览A：What were you doing when the UFO arrived?B：I was standing in front of the library.A：What was he doing when the UFO arrived?B：He was sleeping late when it arrived.A：What were they doing at this time last night?B：They were watching TV.五、能力测试1).翻译下列词组和句子1.一次不寻常的经历3.出来_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _5.沐浴出来_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _7.在厨房_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _9.理发_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2).用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1 This time yesterday I2.沿 街 步 行 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4.你在骗人/开玩笑6.起飞_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _8.在电话上谈_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _10.在诊所_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(read)books.2、At 9 o5 clock last Sunday they(have)a party.3、When I(came)into the classroom,she(read)a story book.4、She(play)computer game while her m o t h e r(c o o k)yesterday afternoon.5.1(have)a shower when you (call)me yesterday.3).句型转换1.1 did my homework last night.（用 at eight oclock last night 替换 last night）2.He was playing basketball on the playground.The teacher asked him to come into the classroom.（用 while 连接两句）3.They were watching Tv at that time yesterday.（改为否定句）4.1 paid five yuan for the book.（改同义句）This book five yuan.5.Mr li always has a good time on Sunday.（改同义句）Mr li always on Sunday.6.When did you arrive at the station?（改同义句）_did you _ _the station?六、例文赏端请写一篇短文，讲述一件你所见所闻或亲身经历的事，谈谈当时的感受和情景。不少于80字。It was my fifteen birthday yesterday,but I forgot it.When I got home afterschool,I saw many different kinds of food and vegetable in the kitchen.My motherwas cooking dinner and my father was helping her.My grandparents were watchingBeijing opera on the TV.Around 20 minutes later,dinner was ready.My mother tookout a big birthday cake.My parents and my grandparents said to me u HappyBirthday,dear!”I was surprised first,then I became excited and said“thanks”to them.After dinner,my grandparents gave me a nice violin.My father gave me anew basketball.My mother gave me a special gift kiss.I was very happy.Unit 4He said I was hard-working.一、词汇聚焦（-）单词拓展1 .Lucky（名词）（副词）2.semester（同义词）3.copy（第三人称单数）4.difficult（名词）5.borrow（反义词）6.hard-working（反义词）7.disappoint（形容词）8.thin（比较级）（-）短语荟萃1 .Report card 成绩单2.pass sth to sb=pass sb sth 把某物传递给某人3.be supposed to 被期望或被要求4.do well in=be good at 在.擅长/做得好5.get over 克服6.open up 打开7.care of=take care of=look after 照顾8.borrow.from 从.借9.lend.to 把.借10.finish doing sth 完成做某事ll.b e mad a t 对.烦恼/生气12.get nervous紧张/不安的13.pass on 传递14.first of all 首先15.every Saturday 每周六16.both.and.17.neither.nor18.most of.19.an exciting week两 者 都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）两 者 都 不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）20.agree on something21.agree to do sth.绝大多数令人兴奋的一周同意某人的计划；对取得一致意见答应/同意做在方面做得更好身体健康为某人举行一次（惊 喜 0 聚会期末考试不再做作业在 日子不好过令人失望的结果捎（留）个口信打架1 一个做某事的好注意感觉很幸运需要帮助的人我们能为他们做的事22.do better in=be better at23.be in good health24.have a(surprise)party for sb.25.end-of-year exam=final exam26.not.anymore27.do a home project28.have a very hard time with.29.an disappointing result3O.take leave a message31.have a big fight32.i t is a good idea for sb.to do sth33.feel lucky34.people who need help35.something we can do for them36.there is no difference between.and.在.和.之间没有区别37.the Hope Project 希望工程二、语法详解关于直接引语与间接引语（-）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。1.时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如：Tom said to meJ My brother is doing his homework.Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。如：She asked J ack,Where have you been?She asked J ack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.He said that those books were his.(-)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。“I want the blue one.he told us.我想要蓝色的。“他说。He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要蓝色的。She said to me,“You c