2022年中考英语辨析系列---（11）动词与时态易错点精析.pdf

动词与时态易错点精析332 accept 和 receive1 accept意为“接受，承认”。I cant accept your suggestion.我不能接受你的建议。We accept her as the best student in the class.我们承认她是班里最好的学生。This theory is widely accepted.这个理论被广泛接受了。She accepted that she was wrong.她承认她错了。Please accept my apologies.请接受我的歉意。2receive意为“收到，接到“。Ive just received her letter.我刚刚收到她的信。Children inourcountryreceivegoodeducation.我国的儿童受到 良好的教育。He received a warm welcome from theworkers.他受至工人们的热烈欢迎。3accept的含义与receive不同。accept表示“接受”，指经过考虑，主观上愿意接受或不愿意接受某物。receive表示“接到”，指客观地收到某物这一事实，并不表示是否愿意接受，即：receive（收到的东西）并不一定accept（接受）。提示accept与 receive均为非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。1I have received her letter for a week.（误）1 received her letter a week ago.（正）我收到她的信已有一周了。Its a week since I received her letter.（IE）333 ache 和 pain1 ache指人身体局部或全身的持续性的疼痛，隐痛。His head ached all night.他整夜头疼。The old lady has an ache in her heart.这位老太太心 口痛。2pain指由于疾病或伤害而产生的疼痛，也指极度的痛苦。He couldnt bear the pain any more.她疼得受不 了。cdid vas cring wih poln.这女孩容得直 She complained of severe pain inher chest.她自诉胸部剧痛。提示headache 头痛，stomachache 胃痛，toothache 牙334 achieve,gain 和 get1 achieve指经过努力获得成功，实现目标、目的。They have achieved great victory.他们取得了 伟大胜利。He has achieved his aim.他达到了目的。2gain通常指得到某种利益、收益、好处。His honesty gained our respect.他的诚实赢得了我们的尊敬。She gained the first prize in the game.她在比赛中获得了 一等奖。Sam has gained much experience in the work.山姆在工作中获得了 许多2经验。3get为常用词，指以某种方式、方法、手段得到。He got a good score in the test.他在考试中得了 高分。I got little for a hard days work.我辛辛苦苦干一天挣不了几个钱。The peasants have got a good crop.农民彳门获得了丰4攵。335 address 和 speak to1 address可指直接对人或听众“讲话”，也可指用书信形式对人”讲话,演讲”。The headmaster addressed the whole school.校长向全校讲话。He addressed himself to the crowd.他向听众讲话。2speak to指口头上“向.讲话Can I speak to the director?我可以同主任讲话吗？The manager wont even speak to us.经理甚至不和我们讲话。336agree to,agree with 和 agree on/uponlagree to sth.表示“同意，赞成“对方提出的建议、计划、要求等。He agreed to the plan.他同意这项计划。She doesnt agree to this arrangement.她不同意这项安排。Jack agreed to lend me some money.杰克同意借一些钱给我。2agree with表示“同意，赞成”某人，或同意某个看法、意见、问题。All of us agree with her opinions.我们大家都同意她的意见。The two brothers dont quite agree with oneanother.这兄弟俩意见不太致。3He doesnt agree with her on the matter.关于那件事他不同意她的观点。3 agree with还可表示“与.一致，与.相符Your story doesnt agree with what the police have told us.你的叙述和警察告诉我们的不一致。4agree on/upon sth.表示“对.取得一致意见”，指参加协商的人或单位经过商定后，对某个问题达成一致意见或具有相同看法。They haveagreed on the date for the nextmeeting.他们已就下次会议达成了协议。They couldnt agree upon the price.他们对于价格不能取得一致意见。337 agriculture 和 farminglagriculture意为“农业”、也可表示农艺、农学，一般用语。Agriculture plays an important role in our national economy.农业在我们的国民经济中发挥着重要作用。She studies agriculture.她研究农业。2 farming指从事农业生产劳动或耕作。The ground is not very good forfarming.这土地不太适合耕种。Farming has changed the life of our humans.农业生产改变了我们人类的生活。338 arrive,get to 和 reach1 arrive是不及物动词，意为“到达”，“到达某地”要说“arrive at+小地点”,如邮局、学校、车站；“arrive in+大地点”,如地区、城市、国家。arrive后不可直接跟名词，但可直接跟副词，如：arrive home（到家），arrive here（到达这里），arrive there（到达那里）。4They arrived at the village last night.他们昨天夜里至（J达了那个村庄。They arrived in Nanjing yesterday.他们昨天到达南京。（不可说 arriveNanjing）Has he arrived home yet?他到家 了吗？（不可说 arrive at home）2 get作“到达”解时,为不及物动词,同to连用，较口语化，getto+地点名词 为正确结构，但同副词连用时一，不可用to,如：get home（到家），get here（到这里）。They will get to Shanghai next week.他们将在下周到达上海。We shall go to see her as soon as she getshome.她一到家我们就去看她。3reach意为“到达”，是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。They reached the top of the mountain at last.（正）他们最终到达了 山顶。They reached at the top of the mountain at last.（误）提示arrive at/in,get to和 reach常可换用，但要注意搭配不同。2arrive,get to 和 reach均为非延续性动词，不可同表示一段时间的状语连用。339 ask 和 pleaselask用作及物动词,表示“要求，请求”时，常用于ask sb.to do sth.结构，也可接名词；ask表示“问”时，可接双宾语或简单宾语。She asked me to send Jim an email.她要我为吉姆发一个电子邮件。Sam asked me afavour.山姆请我帮个忙。Jerry was too scared to ask herout.杰里没有勇气邀请她出去。5If you need anything,you only have to ask.你需要什么，只需提出来就行。2please表示“请，好，行，好吗”等时是语气词，用于语气委婉的祈使句中，常置于句首或句尾，也可置于句中；please位于句尾时，常用逗号隔开。Please close the window.请把窗户关上。Hand me the book,please.请把那本书递给我。Would I have your name,please?请问尊姓大名？“Wouldyoulike some more?”Yes,please.你要再来一些吗？“好的，谢谢。”340 ask 和 questionlask表示询问，为一般常用语。She asked me the time.她向我询问时间。“Which is better?he asked.“哪个更好？”他问道。I asked him whether he liked the film or not.我问他是否喜欢那部电影。2 question表示问一连串的问题,或询问、讯问,还表示“对.提出疑问”，为较正式用词。The teacher questioned Jack until he told all he knew.老师问杰克直到他把所知道的一切都讲出来为止。I would never guestion her honesty.我决不会怀疑她的诚实。341 ask,ask for 和 ask sb.for61表示“询问”时，只能用a sk,不可用askfor。比较She asked for the price of the eggs.（误）She asked the price of the eggs.（正）她询问鸡蛋的价格。2ask可以跟双宾语，结构为：ask sb.+sth.ask sth.of sb.I asked some questions to her（误）（不可说 ask sth.to sb.）I asked her some questions.（iE）I asked some questions of her.（正）我向她提了 几个问题。3ask for sb.意为“要见某人。Someone at the door is asking for you.门 口 有人要见你。Did anyone ask for me?有人来找过我吗？4 ask for sth.意为“要”，其宾语可以是具体事物或抽象事物。而ask的宾语多为抽象事物，如ad vice,favour,help等。She asked me for my telephone number.她要我的电话号码。He asked for some water.他要些水。（不可用 ask）He asked for your address.他要你的地址。（不可用 ask）He asked for some money.他要些钱。（不可用 ask）She asked his advice.她征求他的意见。（可用ask for）He asked a favour of me.他请求我帮忙。（可用 ask for）She asked help.她请求帮助。（可用 ask for）7提示ask后可接从句，从句的谓语动词要用shall,should或用动词原形。I ask that she should come.我要她来。342 be动词初中学生说话造句容易丢失的一种动词英语句子的语法结构较为严谨，除非是省略句，否则句子中必须有主要成分，即主语和谓语动词，然后才是其他成分。而在汉语中，有些句子只有主语，却没有谓语动词，然后就跟着形容词、名词、介词短语 等。比如：”这本书很好。”“他 忙。”“谁在房间里?”“她幸福。”等。这类句子都找不出明显的谓语动词，这在汉语中是正确句式，但如果照葫芦画瓢地译成英语，一定是病句。上面的句子如果译成“Thebookvery good.,HtHe busy.“Who in the room?“Shehappy.”就全错了。在英语 中，形容词、名 词、介词短语等不能单独用作谓语，前 面 要 加be动词（当然也可能是其他动词），才是正确的句子。上面的句子应译为：The book is very good.He is busy.Who is in the room?She is happy.343 be等连系动词的使用要点连系动词是英语动词中的一种，指那些能跟形容词作表语的动词，有些连系动词也可跟名词作表语，结构为：连系动词+形 容 词/名 词，一起构成谓语。初中英语中应掌握的连系动词有：be,fall（变得），8feel（感觉），look（看上去），become（成为，变得），go（变得），get（变得），grow（变得），keep（保 持），turn（变得）,seem（似乎，好像）等。He is honest.他诚实。She has fallen asleep.她睡着了。He feels better.他感觉好些了。Jack looks much older than Jim.杰克看上去比吉姆年龄大得多。It becomes colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。The fish went bad.鱼变味了。He has gone blind.他失明了。She got tired after a whole days work.工作一天后她累了。He got rich.他富 了。She grew old.她老了。Leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天树叶变黄。Her hair has turned grey.她的头发已灰白 T It seems cold today.今天好像很冷。He seems interested in the book.他好像对这本书很感兴趣。She seems a very clever girl.她似乎是一个非常聪明的姑娘。The children kept quiet.（正）孩子们很安静。The children kept quietly.（误）（连系动词后不可用副词）She seems angry.（正）她似乎生气了。She seems angrily.（误）（连系动词后不可用副词）9比较go强调人或事物的情况变坏；grow表示逐渐变成新的状态，turn强调成为与原来完全不同的状态；become表示变化过程的完成，get只表示变化，较口语化，可替代其他几个词。344 bear,stand 和 put up with1 bear意为“忍受”，为常用词，宾语通常是苦难、饥饿、寒冷、疼痛、不幸等。She bore the pain bravely.她勇敢地忍着疼痛。We were shott of coal and had to beat the severe cold.我们缺煤，只得忍受极度的寒冷。That is more than he can bear.那是他不能忍受的。2 stand表示“忍受，忍耐 时，含有被动和不随意性。stand不是出于自己的意志，而 bear则是出于自己的意志。I cant stand being kept waiting.让我等着，我可不干。My father couldnt stand this hot weather.我父亲受不了 这么热的天气。3put up with多用于口语和较小的事情，表示“忍受，容忍”，有”不计较，宽恕”的含义,常同cant或 couldnt连用。I cant put up with this noise.我受不了这喧闹声。We dont know how she put up with him.我们不知道她怎么能受得了他。345 beat 和 winioIbeat表示“击败”，宾语必须是表示人、集体或游戏的名词，意为“击败，打败，打破”。They beat him at last.他们最后打败了 他。Our team beat them by thescore 2 to 1.我们队以二比一击败了他们。We beat Class Two.我们打败了 二班。She beat the world record in the high jump.她打破 了跳高的世界纪录。2 win表示“赢得，获胜”，宾语为比赛、竞赛、奖品、战争等。They have won the match/game.他们赢了 这场比赛。Who won the war?谁赢了那场战争？Slow and steady wins the race.欲速贝U 不达。346 beat,hit,knock,pat,tap 和 strikeIb eat意为“打，敲打”，表示连续击打，是一种有意的动作；beat还表示“（脉搏、心脏）跳动”。The man beat the boy with a stick.那男人用棍子打男孩。The waves beat against the rocks.海浪击打着岩石。She heard someone beating a drum.她听见有人在击鼓。His heart is beating very fast.他的心跳得很快。The rain beat in our faces.雨打在我们脸上。2 hit意为“撞，碰撞，击中”，强调一次性有目标地打击、打中某一点；hit还表示“说中，猜对”。The car hit the tree.汽车撞到 了 树上。The stone hit her on the head.石头打中了她的头。liYou have hit it.你猜对了！（说中了）3knock指用手、拳或其他硬的东西“敲，击，打”。Someone is knocking at the window.有人在敲窗户。He kept knocking on the table.他不停地敲着桌子。I heard a knock at the door.我听到了敲门声。4 pat意为“轻拍，轻叩“，多表示爱抚。The teacher patted him on theshoulder.老师轻轻拍了拍他的肩膀。The manager patted Jim on the back and said a few encouraging words.经理轻拍着吉姆的背，说了几句鼓励的话。5tap意为“轻叩，轻拍”，指用手指尖等轻拍。The teachet tapped the desk with his ruler.老师用尺子轻敲桌子。6 strike指突然或急促地用力打击或敲击，有意或无意。She struck him in the face.她打 了 他一记耳光。The man was struck down.那男的被击倒 了。347 become,get,grow和 turnl become意为“变得，成为，后接名词或形容词。He has become rich by working hard.他勤劳致富。She will become a scientist.她将成为一名科学家。2get意为“变得，成为，强调逐渐变得，后跟形容词。The days are getting longer.白天变得越来越长 了。Youll get fat if you eat too much.吃得太多你就会发胖。123grow意为“变得，生长，发育”，表示渐渐成为新的状态，即“渐渐变得“，与get相近，后接形容词或不定式。He is growing old.他渐渐老了。Its growing warm.天渐渐暖和起来了。I have grown to like English.我渐渐喜欢上英语了。4turn意为“转变”，指变成和从前完全不同的东西，后接名词或形容I司。The weather turned hot.天气热起来了。The trees turn red in autumn.秋天，树叶变红了。She has turned singer.她成了 一名歌手。348 begin,start 和 begin withl 表示 开始 时，begin 和 start 常可换用，结构为：begin/start sth.begin/start to do sth./doing sth.begin/start at/on+时间名词begin with sth./sb.They begin/start work at 8 every morning.他们每天早晨8 点钟开始工作。She began/started to learn English at the age of five.她 5 岁开始学习英语。He began/started making preparations for the trip.他开始为旅彳亍做准备。The play begins with the sisters in the kitchentogether.这部戏以姐妹们13在厨房相聚开始。The meeting will begin/start on Monday and end onFriday.会议将在星期一开始，星期五结束。提示begin to do和begin doing均表示“开始做.”，意思上几乎没有什么差别。主语是人时,多用begin to do。The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了。The water is beginning to boil.水逐渐沸腾起来。2 若 begin 为进行时，要用 begin to doo 另外，begin to understand,beginto feel为习惯用法。Shes beginning to feel better.她渐渐觉得好些了。John began to understand the situation.约翰开始了解情况。表示某种习惯性、长期性的行为，常用begindoing。I left teaching in 2007 and began working in mypresent job.我2007年离开教学岗位，开始我现在的工作。2表示“出发，旅行，开 动（机器），（机器）运转，创办，开设”等时,只能用start,不可用beginoAt daybreak they started on their journey.天亮时他们出发了。（不用begin）At last the train started.火车终于开动 了。（不用 begin）We couldnt start the car.我们无法开动这部车。（不用begin）He started a new company last month.他上个月 新开了一家公司。提示start作“动身”解时，往往要用一般现在时或现在进行时代替一般将来14时 工She statts for America next month.她下个月动身去美国。She is starting for America next month.3beginwith表示“以 开始，以”开端”，后跟名词。They will begin with Lesson One.他们将从第一课开始。The book begins with a tale of country life.这本书以一则农村生活故事开始。提示to beain with和to start with都是习惯用语,意为“首先，第一“，用作状语，常用于句首，常用逗号同句中的其他成分隔开。To begin with,we ought to know what we studyfor.首先，我们应该明确学习目的。I cant go there with you;to start with,no one can take over my job;econdly,I have not enoughmoney.我不能同你去那里；首先，没有人能接替我的工作，其次，我没有足够的钱。349 borrow,lend 和 keep1 borrow sth.from表示“从.借来某物”，指的是主语把某物从某人或某地借来。He borrowed some money from Jim yesterday.他昨天向吉姆借了一些钱。We can borrow books from the library.我们可以从图书馆借书。2 lend sth.to表示“把某物借给”，指的是主语把某物借出去，借给15别人。I have lent the book to Tom.我已经把那本书借给汤姆了。Can you lend the dictionary to me?你能把那本词典借给我吗？=Can you lend me the dictionary?3 keep意为“保持，保留”，为延续性动词。表示把某物“借”或“保留”多久时，要 用keep,而不可用borrow或len d,因为这两个词都是非延续性动词。You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借看两个星期。How long can I borrow the book?（误）How long can I keep the book?（正）这本书我能借多长时间？这部自行车只能借给你一天。You can borrow the bike for one day only.（误）I can lend you the bike for one day only.（误）You can keep the bike forone day only.（jE）350 bring,take,get,carry 和 fetch1 bring和take可以看作反义词。brina表示“带来，拿来”，指把某物从到他处拿来、带来，或把某人从他处带到、领到说话人的所在地。take表示“带去，拿走”，指把人或物带到、领到、拿到别处，“把某物带去给某人“是take sth.to sb.。Shall I bring food for the picnic?我带野餐的食品好吗？Please bring your brother here tomorrow.明天请把你弟弟带来。Please take your brother there tomorrow.明天请把你弟弟带到那里去。16Bring the children back from the kindergarten at half past four.4 点半把孩子们从幼儿园接回来。She took the dictionary to Tom.她把那本词典带给了汤姆。Would you please take the message to her?你把这 口 信带给她好吗？2 get本身表示“得到，拿到”，常用于goandget结构中，意为“去拿，去找，去请,取来”等意。get sth.back表示“取回”。Go and get a doctor quickly.快去请医生。Would you please get themoney back for me?你能为我把那笔钱取回吗？3 carry表示“搬运，携带，提，抬”等，不表示方向。The workers are carrying a big stone.工人们在搬运一块大石头。He is carrying a bag on his shoulder.他肩上扛着一个包。不南a this box for you.让我给你拿这比较“身上带着钱”常用tak e,也可用carryoShe took a lot of money with her.(正)她身上带着许多钱。She carried a lot of money with her.(iE)4 fetch表示“取来，去拿”，表示从说话处出发，到其他地方把人或物带到或拿到说话处来，相当于go.and bring backoPlease fetch us some water.请给我们弄点水来。Quick!Go and fetch a doctor.快！快去请医生来。351 buy sth.for sb.和 mendsth.for sb.结构是否相同17buy sth.for sb.意为“为某人买某物“，mend sth.for sb.意为“为某人修补某物“，for sb.都是表示“对象”的，结构相同。make sth.for sb.（为 制造某物）和 drawsth.for sb.（为 画某物）也是同类结构。He bought apair of shoes for her.他为她买了 一双鞋。He mended the shoes for her.他为她修了鞋。hortce pair of shoes r hin.她为他做了 He will draw a picture for us.他将为我们画一幅画。提示但是，buy/make/draw/sth.for sb.可以转换为 buy/make/draw/sb.+sth.这种跟双宾语的结构，而 mend sth.for sb.则不可。He bought her a pair of shoes.（正）He mended her the shoes.（误）352 call的3 种用法1 be+called+名词是被动语态结构，意为“被称作，被叫做”。He is called Tom.他叫汤姆。The animal is called an elephant.这种动物叫大象。2 成果能一名词（补足语）表示“把某人People call him Jack.人们叫他杰克。We call him Jim for short.我们简称他吉姆。3 名词+called+名字/名称表示“（名）叫的人或物”。这里的called是过去分词，作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。I know a man called James.我认识一个名叫詹姆士的人。=1 know a man who is called James.18=1 know a man whose name is James.Have you read the novel called Gone With The Wind?你读过名叫 飘的这部小说吗?(=which is called)That is a place called Liverpool.那是一个叫做利物浦的地方0(=which iscalled)353 call at,call on 和 visit1 call a t 表示去某人家拜访、造访、去某处，也表示(车)短暂停留。I called at Marys house yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午去玛丽家拜访。He calls at the bookstore once every week.他每周去书店一次。2 call on指短暂性访问，非正式拜访，后接人，日常用词。We called on James on the way home.我们在回家的路上看望了詹姆士。Please call on me next time you are inLondon.下次你到伦敦请来我家。3visit访问，拜访，探望，时间较长，正式用语。I visited my friends in the country.我看望了 乡下的朋友。The president visited most countries in Asia.总统访问了亚洲的大部分国家。354 can 和 be able tocan和 be able to都表示“能，会”。can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”,也表示根据客观条件能做某事的能力。be able to指“能够，有能力”，含有“经过努力而能够 的意思。can只有现在时和过去19时（could）两种形式，而be able to则可用于各种时态。beable to后的动词一般不用被动语态。She can speak three foreign languages.她会说 3 门 夕 卜 语。I can finish the work today.我今天能完成这项工作。I wont be able to see her tomorrow.我明天见不至她。He has not been able to come他没有能来。355 can和 may都可以表示请求或许可lean表示客观条件的“允许”，指“能够，能”做某事。2may表示询问对方许可与否，或表示说话者的许可。Can I borrow three books at a time?我一次能借 3 本书吗？“May I sit here?”Of course you can.“我可以坐在这里吗？”“当然可以。”Class is over.You can go home now.下课了，你们可以回家了。（客观情况）Woy may take it avey你可以把它拿走。（许 You may stay here.你可以留在这里。（允许）You can stay here.你能留在这里。（根据客观情况）3can和 may均可表示“可能”。can表示一般的可能性，指事实上存在的情况；may表示根据推测的可能性。Its simple.Anyone can do it.这很简单，任何人都能做。Please ask Jack.He may know something about it.请问一下杰克,他可能知道一些情况。20提示may表示许可时，没有相应的过去式might。356 cant+动词”和“mustnt+动词”lean t是 can的否定式，表示能力上的不够或不足，指没有能力做某事，或者不可能做某事。He cant move the stone.他搬不动这块石头。She cant come today.她今天不能来。2 mustnt表示 千万不要，绝对不可，不许可”，指的是不允许做某事,或坚决不让做某事。You mustnt swim in that river.你绝对不可去那条河里游泳。你不能离开，外面在下大雨。You cant leave.Its raining hard outside.（误）You mustnt leave.Its raining hard outside.（正X这里的 不能”不是表示能力或可能，而是表示“绝不可”）你们不能吵吵嚷嚷，孩子们在做作业。You cant make a noise.The children are doing their homework.（误）You mustnt make a noise.The children are doing their homework.（IE）（这里的“不能”意为“不许可”）提示must never意为 千万不可，比mustnt语气更重。You must never lend money to him.He wont pay you back.你