2023年MBA英语真题及答案解析.docx

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. Forexample, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment "would soon revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work _6 the disappearance of thepaper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8一 form ofpayment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts,something that many consumers are unwilling to 10. Third, the use of paperchecks gives consumers several days of Mfloat"-it takes several days 11 a check iscashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer ofthe check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic paymentsare immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that anunauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there.Because this is not an 16 occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able toaccess bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 funds by moving them from someone else's accounts into their own. The 18of this type of fraud isno easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits.There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise2. A off B back C over D around3. A power B concept C history D role4. A reward B resist C resume D reverse选项分析：文章第一段通过一个笑话指出现代化社会技术的进步程度，使得劳动力大大 削减。其余各段进一步论证了失业率的增加，因此一个追求平凡的时代已经结束了，人们须 要提高自身教化水平，才能够保证不被淘汰。最终一段第一句话再次强调说平凡时代已经正 式结束了。因此选项C为最恰当的标题。A项“新的法律要实施”仅在最终一段提到一句，不 能涵盖文章主旨。B项“科技走向廉价”不符合文意。D项“经济衰退有害”与文章无关。Text 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic indued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, Muccelli di passaggio,'1 birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond Strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today's birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 "Birds of passage'1 refers to those whoA immigrate across the Atlantic.B leave their home countries for good.C stay in a foregin temporally.D find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US.A needs new immigrant categories.B has loosened control over immigrants.C should be adopted to meet challenges.D has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today's birds of passage wantA fiancial incentives.B a global recognition.C opportunities to get regular jobs.D the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated _A as faithful partners.B with economic favors.C with legal tolerance.D as mighty rivals.30 which of the best title for the passage?A come and go: big mistake.B living and thriving : great risk.C with or without: great risk.D legal or illegal: big mistake.【答案详解】26. 【答案】C (stay in a foreign temporarily)【解析】词汇题。依据题干关键词定位，定位到第一段最终一句。在适句中，They even had an affectionate nickname, ,4uccelli di passaggio,'* birds of passage., they 这个代词承 前指代，指四分之一的意大利移民。有些人要再美国定居(permanent home),但是一些人 只是在美国短暂居住，要I可国(had no intention to stay).确定要留意理解这个倒装结构:Along with .came those who，那些没有要回国的是我们要强调的。通过这句我们能选择出C 选项。这A项只是说一世纪前的横跨大西洋的移民们，没有说birds of passage来自于哪里。 B项虽然有for good但是与原文意思相反。原文是移民们会恒久的回到意大利，而不是选 项当中的离开自己的祖国。D项文中首段并未提及。27. 【答案】C (should be adopted to meet challenges)【解析】推理题。题干要求在其次段。原文“We don't need more categories”可以解除 A选项。文章"Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants."我们目前有更加严格的对 待移民以及"We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal."我们须要超越这 种合法和不合法的严格定义。就知道目前是很严格的。我们还没有选项中的“has loosened control ove门mmigrants.”对移民的放松限制。B项解除。文章也并没有说这个制度被政治 方式所修复。政治的确出现在文章中，但是只是说"the long political paralysis”长期的政治 麻痹与原文不符。故解除。"To start .We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.”首先承认这些短暂移民的存在，然后解决移民的挑战。是C选项的同义替换。28. 【答案】D (the freedom to stay and leave)【解析】细微环节题。依据关键词定位，可定位到第三段。4,They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them .They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.”他们喜爱随着机会的来临，来去都自如。他们可以在一地工作，也可以再另外的地 方成家。强调的是机会和来去自如.D项是这句的同义替换,A项是对原文的片面理解They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas”不仅仅是来自金钱的刺激(financial incentives),还有有工作和各种理念。B在文中未 提及。文中只是说道"global economy"，没有提"global recognition”, C 项中的 regular jobs(一般工作)在文中未提及，也是对文意的曲解。29. 【答案】C (with legal tolerance)【解析】推理题。依据题干，可定位到第五段。题干问到“依据作者，这些短暂移民者 应当以何种方式被对待“"Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system”意思是“我们应当超越移民合法性方面的文化之 争，重现看待中间地带，充分意识到当今的移民管理体系须要各种途径，从而取得多样化的 结果，来解决现今移民体系下用法律手段很难解决的问题”暗含了 C项中tolerance也就是 对"multiple paths and multiple outcomes"的改写。A、B 和 D 项在文中未提及。30. 【答案】D (legal or illegal: big mistake)【解析】主旨大意题。文章其次段其次句中提到"We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegalM“我们把新移民分为2类：合法和不合法移民同时作者认为“We need to look beyond Strick definitions of legal and illegal, ” “我们不须要合法和不合法移民 这样严格的定义'这说明这种分类是错误的。另外，文章最终一段最终一句"Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.”"包括在现行移民体系中不简 洁合法的实现一些事情”也反映了文章的中心。也就是说合法和不合法的分类是错误的。故 选D° A项说短暂移民们的移动是个错误。没有体现文章主旨。B和C项都说是risk(风险) 跟文章无关。Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly Hthin slice'1 information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced" long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn't changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may.A vary according to the urgency of the situationB prove the complexity of our brain reactionC depend on the importance of the assessmentD predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions.A can be associativeB are not unconsciousC can be dangerousD are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should.A trust our first impressionB do as people usually doC think before we actD ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on.A critical assessmentB"thin sliced "studyC sensible explanationD adequate information35. The author's attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is.A tolerantB uncertainC optimisticD doubtful31 .【答案】D predetermine the accuracy of our judgment【解析】细微环节题。题干问的是“作确定过程中所需的时间或许可以"o文章第 一段提到“假如我们在做出反应之前花点儿时间来思索，那么将会削减甚至消退我们快速反 应所带来的负面影响”，也就是说我们做确定所花的时间确定了我们推断的精确性。此外， 此选项中的“accuracy”为“accurately ”的同词异形，故此项为正确答案。选项A表达“依形 势紧急性而定”错在无中生有；选项B“SE明大脑反映的困难性”，也是无中生有：选项C “取 决于评估的重要性”，也与原文不符合，故解除。32 .【答案】A can be associative【解析】细微环节题。题干问的是“我们对于快餐商标的反应速度表明确定是 样的”，由题干的关键词“fast-food log。”我们可以定位到第三段.第三段开头说，让人做出仓促 确定的刺激因素不仅限于人际关系范围内。紧接着一句说人们对快餐商标的反应速度比一般 阅读速度快。下一句阐述了缘由：因为人们无意识地(unconsciously)将快餐"与"速度'和"心 急”联系在一起，并将这些冲动付诸行动。A说确定是有联系性的正确，因为人们将“快餐” 与“速度”，“心急”联系在了一起。B说确定是无意识的，与原文意思相反;C说确定是危急的， 原文未提及;D说确定是不冲动的，与原文意思相悖解除。33 .【答案】C think before we act【解析】细微环节题。先看题干说“为了逆转仓促确定所带来的影响，我们应当 工依据题干定位到第四段。第四段通过两个例子说明我们应当怎样克服负面影响，第一个例子 表示“假如我们会对消费产品或者房产选择做出“过度反应”，我们可以在购买之前先思索一会 儿”，由此可说明我们应当在行动之前先思索来消退负面影响，因此选择答案C。其他选项 均不符合题意。34 .【答案】D adequate information【解析】细微环节题。题干问的是“John Gottman认为牢靠的快速反映是基于 的J由题干John Gottman定位到全文倒数其次段。其中第一句：John Gottman, .explains that we quickly “thin slice'Information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in "thick sliced'long-term study.始姻专家约翰.古德曼说明说，我们快速反应的信息的牢靠 性是建立在这样的快速反应的行为是以长期的探讨为基础而做出的快速反应行为。其中 ground是题干中base on的同意置换，long-term study长期的探讨与D选项adequate information相互呼应。由此可推断出D adequate information（足够的信息）是本题正解，35.【答案】C optimistic35 .【解析】看法题。依据35题题干reversing the high-speed trend是全文的最终一 句，所以解此题可先定位到全文的最终一段。最终一段最终两句：Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn't changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.译为“尽管技术可能变 更我们反应的方式，但是它并没有变更我们的本性。我们仍旧有实力去克服诱惑并扭转这种 高速度的趋势。”由此我们可以看出作者的看法是特别确定的，因此C optimistic（乐观的） 是正解。Text4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely familyfriendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don't like quotas/' Reding said recently. "But i like what the quotas do. Quotas get action: they *'open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,"according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding's reluctance-and her frustration. I don't like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position no matter how much “soft pressure “ is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power-as, for example, Sheryl S