2023届高三英语二轮复习强化练6：说明类阅读理解题.docx

强化练6阅读理解题（说明文类）一、科普知识类AEverypersonyawns.Sodomanyothervertebrate（有脊椎的）animals, includingsnakes, dogs, cats, sharks , andchimpanzees.Whileyawningiscontagious（ 会 传 染 的）， noteveryonecatchesayawn.Around60%一70%ofpeopleyawniftheyseeanotherpersonyawninreallifeorinaphotoorevenreadaboutyawning.Conta giousyawningalsooccursinanimals，butitdoesn' tnecessarilyworkthesamewayasinpeople.Scientistshaveproposedmanytheoriesforwhywecatchyawns.Probablythemostpopulartheoryisth atyawningservesasaformofnonverbalcommunication.Catchingayawnshowsyou reaccustomedtoaperson semotions.Scientificevidencecomesfroma201 OstudyattheUniversityofConnecticut，whichconcludedyawningdoesnotbecomecontagiousuntilachildisaboutfouryearsoldwhenempathy（共 '情）skillsdevelop.Inthestudy, childrenwithautism, whomayhaveimpairedempathydevelopment, caughtyawnslessoftenthantheirpeers.Studyingcontagiousyawninginotheranimalsmayprovidecluestohowpeoplecatchyawns.Contagio usyawninginanimalsmayserveasameansofcommunication.SiaiTiesefightingfishyawnwhentheyseethe irmirrorimageoranotherfightingfish, generallyjustpriortoanattack.Contagiousyawningislinkedtotemperature,inbothanimalsandpeople.Mostscientistsspeculateitisathermoregulatory behavior,whilesomeresearchersbelieveitisusedtocommunicateapotentialthreatorstressfulsituation.A2010study ofbudgerigars（虎皮鹦鹉）foundthatyawningincreasedastemperaturewasraisednearbodytemperature.Peoplecommonlyyawnwhentiredorbored.Similarbehaviorisseeninanimals.Onestudyfoundthebr aintemperatureinsleepdeprivedratswashigherthantheircoretemperature.Yawningreducedbraintemper ature, possiblyimprovingbrainfunction.Researcherswilldofurtherstudyonthis. 1. Whatcanwelearnaboutyawningfromparagraph 1 ? A. Allanimalsyawn. B. Readingaboutyawningmaymakeapersonyawn. C. Only vertebrateanimal syawn. D. Yawningworksthesameforhumanandanimals. 2. Whydoestheauthormentionchildrenwithautisminparagraph2? A Toproveatheory.B Todefineaconcept.C Todevelopthetheme.D Toprovidethebackground.3 . Siamesefightingfishyawnto.A. showkindnessB findapartnerC. giveathreatD escapefromdanger4 . Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A. Moreresearchonyawningwillbecarriedoutinthefuture.B Temperatureisnotafactorconcerningyawning.C Thesecrettoyawninghasbeenworkedout.D Yawningcanimprovebrainfunctiongreatly.B(2022广东茂名二模)Usingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI),scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.Contrarytoconven tionalknowledge，theirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionsarenotalwaysaformof “ creativedestruction “ thatallowsnewo rganisms( 生 物 体 )toradiateandevolve.Instead ，itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation. Dr.HoyalCuthill,theleadstudyauthorfromtheUniversityofEssexintheUKandtheTokyoInstituteofTechnology,saidinastatement,Someofthemostchallengingthingstounderstandthehistoryoflifearethevasttimelinesinvolvedandthe numberofspecies.Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandthisinformationinhuman-re adableform.Thismeansthatwecan,sotospeak,holdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.,Theyconcludedthatmassextinctionandlaterradiationwerenotconnectedaspreviouslythought.Wit hin5percentofthemostsignificantperiodsofdisruption(®t), Aldetected “bigflve“ massextinctions, sevenmoremassextinctions,twomassextinction-radiationevents，and 15massradiations.Mostimportantly，itdiscoversthatmassiveradiationandextinctionrarelyoccurredwitheachother，changingtheviewthatgreaterextinctionleadstoakindofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationofnature.Itappea rsthatlargerextinctionsarecertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.TaketheCambrianeruptionfo rexampleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedontherecordofthe firstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.Thisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversity,includingtheCambrianeruption , usuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywerelargelyisolated（ 隔 离 ,astudyco-authorfromtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologyexplained,“Ecosystemsaredynamicandyoudon' tneedanythingtoexisttoallowsomethingnewtoappear.v 5 . Whatdoesthefirstparagraphserveas? A. Anexplanationofartificialintelligence. B Abackgroundofresearchers? study. C Thereasonsforcreativedestruction. D Theresultofresearchers' newstudy. 6. WhatcanweinferfromDr.HoyalCuthiir swords? A Alcontributesalottothestudyofevolution. B Understandingthehistoryoflifeisverydifficult. C NewAImachineslearnapplicationsbetter. D Biologicalevolutioncanbecontrolledeasily.A. Whatistheresearchers, discovery?A. Massextinctionisunlikelytocauseevolutionaryradiation.B. Thefirstanimalwithmodernfeaturesoccurredduringeruption.C. Thevolcaniceruptionledtoamassextinctionandradiation.D. Theideaofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationhasturnedouttrue.8 . Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A Newprocessesofbiologicalevolution.B Newviewofradiationfromnaturalspecies.C - Newunderstandingofmassextinction. D Newoutbreaksofbiologicalpopulations.C （2022湖北十一校联考）Mid way throughCypherfeastsonanenormoussteak, wellawarethathisrealityisnotreal,partofadigitalprogramtellinghisbrainthatthesteakisaconstructionandthatitis “juicyanddelicious” . Twodecadesafterthemoviemadeitsfirstappearance , somethingunexpectedarises ： Thefutureofrealitywillnotonlybevirtualbutalsosynthetic（ 合 成 的）. Cypher sfuturemealwillbeaphysicalone, synthesizedfromanimalcells.AndthesynthesisgoesbeyonddinneiStartingwithcomponentsfromthenaturalworld,scientistsarelearningtoengineermicroorganismsandbuildbiocomputingsystems.However，biologyhasatendencytoevolveinunexpectedways.Synthesizedmeatisonecaseinpoint.Thedrivingforcesbehindthemeatmovementarepractical.Ithas beenestimatedthatcultured（培育的）meatwouldrequire7to45percentlessenergyandproduce78to96percentlessgreenhousegasthanconventi onalanimalsfarmedforconsumption.Butoncewe ' reabletosynthesizemeat，theoretically，we ' llhavethecapabilitytoculturemeatfromanyanimal ，eventhosewe ' dneverconsidereatingtoday , likedolphinsorchimpanzees, whichwillposeanewregulatorychallengeforus.Usingsyntheticbiology,wecaneveneditandrewritelife，thetechnologyofwhichisalreadyinuse.In2021,scientistsinsomecountriesannouncedtheyhadgrownmonkeyembryosinjectedwithhumanstemcells.He recomesthesituationworthconsidering：suchamonkey-humanhybridwilldemonstratequalitiesthataresomewherebetweenhumans，onwhichexperimentationisn 'tallowed ,andanimals ，whichareoftenraisedspecificallyforresearch.Howwillwedecidewhenananimalbecomestoohuman?Dependingonwhereyoustand,thesyntheticrealitieslandsomewherebetween u reallyexciting v and u criticallyconcerning v . Asind ividuals,weundertakeasharedresponsibilitytomakegoodchoicesaboutthiscomingsynthetictechnology. 9. WhatdoweknowaboutCypher' ssteakinthemovie? A Itisanythingbutappetizing. B Itisenjoyedinavirtualworld. C Itissynthesizedfromanimalcell. D Itisaconstructionmadebyhimself. 10 What' stheadvantageofsynthesizedmeat? A Itismorenutritious.B Itismoreenergy-consuming.C -Itismoreenvironment-friendly.D.Itismorecontrollableinregulation.11 . Whatistheauthor, sattitudetotheexperimentinparagraph4? A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Pessimistic.D.Indifferent.12 . Whatisthepurposeofthetext? A Topopularizesynthetictechnology.B. Toindicatechallengesofsynthetictechnology.C Tostresstheimportanceofsynthetictechnology.D. Tointroducethedevelopmentofsynthetictechnology.二、生态环保类A （2022河北石家庄二中质检）Whenitcomestobecomingeco-conscious , manypeoplechoosetostartwithsomethingsimple ：recycling.Butit' snotassimpleaseveryoneseemstobelieve.Indeed, thedesireforsomepeopletorecyclecanleadtoill-informeddecisionsaboutwhatcanandcannotberecycled, andnon-recyclableobjectsareaccidentallyputintotherecyclingbin.Thepracticeiswhatisknownaswishcycling.Wishcyclingboilsdowntotheideathatjustaboutanythingcanberecycled ，andthatifyouputitintoarecyclingbin ，thosewhoareresponsibleforitwillfindawaytorecycleit.Thisisobviouslynottrue, because，despiteeverythingthatyou' vebeentoldbythemedia, noteverythingisrecyclable.Smallnon-recyclableobjectsthatareattachedtorecyclablesaregenerallyacceptable.Forexample,glueandtapeattachedtopaperwillberemovedintherecyclingprocesswithoutanytrouble.Butimproperlyrecyclingbrokene yeglasses, plasticshoppingbags, foodwasteandgreasy（油渍）pizzaboxescouldcauseproblemstotherecyclingprocess.Theobjectsintherecyclingbinaretypicallysortedbymachinesatrecyclingcenters，notpeople.Thesecomplexmachinesaredesignedtoseparateplastics,paper，andotherrecyclables.Ifsomethingisthrownintothebinthatshouldn ' tbethere , itcouldendupdamagingthemachine，whichmeanstherecyclingcentercouldlosetimeandmoneyeverytimepeopledecidetowishcycle.Sometimes，anon-recyclableobjectisabletosneak（溜）pastthesesortingmachines.Ifthishappens，thenon-recyclableobjectendsupinaloadofrecyclablesthatwillbesoldfortherecyclingcentertomakeaprofit.However , havingjustonenon-recyclablethingmixedincanpollutetheentireloadofrecyclables, whichhastobethrownaway.SowhatyouasaconsumerneedtodoismakeyourownrecyclingpracticemostfunctionaLThebestwayistoeducateyours elf.Therearecertaingeneralruleswhenitcomestorecyclingthateveryoneshouldknow.1. Whatdoweknowaboutwishcycling? A Itismisledbythemedia.B Itleadstoabetterecology. C Itisrelatedtoillintentions.D Itcomesfrompeople' shope.2. Whichofthefollowingcanbeputintotherecyclingbinaccordingtothepassage? A Paperwithglueonit.B Oilypizzaboxes. C Plasticshoppingbags. D. Left-overfood.3. Whatisparagraph5about?A Theproblemsfromwishcycling. B. Theneedtoupdatethemachines. C Thereasonsformakinglessprofit. D. Theobjectsunsuitableforrecycling. 4. Whatmightbetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows? A. Reducingwaste. B. Makingrules.C Recyclingproperly. D Consumingwisely.B （2022山东潍坊二模）It'sasimpleyeteffectivemessagethatappeals,andleadstoasatisfyingwayofmotivatingustopromoteenvironmentalisminourownway.BominNairobi，LeseinMutunkeiisinhislateteens，andhisTrees4Goalsisthemeanswithwhichheintendstomaketheworldgreener.Itunitestwoofhisself-declaredpassionsinli fe ： loveoftheoutdoors , withhisloveoffootball.Leseinenjoyedwalkingintheforest ，butrecognisedhiscountrywasexperiencingaseriouslossoftreecover.Between2001and2020，Kenyalostanestimated 11 %oftrees, releasingasmanyas 176milIiontonsofCO2. InablogpostforWWFKenya , Leseinrevealedthat ，oncehestartedtheTrees4Goalsinitiative , heoriginallyplannedtoplantonetreepergoal.By2020,hewantedtotakehiseffortsevenfurther.Whatstartedasonetreeplantedpergoalmushroomedintol Itreesplantedpergoal.Ex plainingthereasoningbehindexpandingthetree-planting，hesaid,u Itrepresentsteameffortinfootballandthecontributionbymyteam.Ihavemanagedtohitthel ,000thtreemilestoneinthelas ttwoyears. Whileit 'ssomethingofanown goaltodestroytheforestsandjunglesprovidingenormousbiodiversity,innovativeinitiativeslikeTrees4Goalsareanassuredwaytoscoreanenvironmentalisthat-trick.Footballispopular.Itcutsthr oughculturalbarriersirrespectiveofthecountryitisplayedin.Byincreasingthetreesplantedpergoal,withmoresuchinitiativesspringingup, evenmorewillbegrown. Likeaseed,bestideasstartsmallandchangeintosomethingthatcanbecomefarlargerthananticipated.WhileLeseincontinuesplantingl 1 treespergoal,Kenyangovernmentisaimingtoensuretheplantingofl .8billiontreestoreachl0%forestcoverage.Thesciencebehindisclea r： if900millionhectaresaredevotedtohalfatrilliontrees, theworldcanoffset（抵消）halfofallcarbonreleasedsince 1960. 5 . WhatgaveLeseintheideaoflaunchingtheproject? A . ReleaseoftoomuchCO2.B , Dreamofmotivatingothers.C. Passionforsportsandnature.D, Habitofexercisinginthewoods.6. WhatdidLeseindoin2020?A . HecreatedablogforWWF. B - Hemultipliedhiscommitment. C Heplantedonetreeforeachgoal. D Heextendedhisworktootherteams.7. Whatdotheunderlinedwords uowngoalv inparagraph4referto? A Aimthatisintendedtoachieve.8. Actionthatharmsone' sowninterests.9. Pursuittowardwhicheffortisdirected.D , Goalthatisscoredfortheopposingteam.8 . WhatcanwelearnfromLesein' sstory?A. United, wewin.B. Nopains, nogains.C. Loveme, lovemydog.10. Smalldeeds, bigdifference.CIn2007,theAfricanUnionannouncedanambitiousproject-toplanttheGreatGreenWall（GGW）,abandoftreesthatwouldstretchthelengthoftheSahel.TheGGWisanecologicalrestorationprojectdesignedbyAfricanpeopleforAfricanpeople.Heavyrains，droughts, wildfiresandlandslideshaveallbecomecommonthroughouttheworld.ButnowhereisquiteliketheSahel.InthishugeAfrica nregion，climatechangehasmaterializedinadramaticmanner.Insomecases，thesevereconditionshaveleftpeoplewithnooptionotherthantomigrateelsewheretosurvive.Itwaswithallofthisinmindthat theextraordinary, butheavilydebatedprojectwasfirstputforward.Fourteenyearshavepassedsincetheinitiativeformallykickedoff.Thestatedgoalwastocreateal5-kilometre-wide,8,0 OO-kilometre-longgreenbeltoftreesandotherplantsthat, by2030 , wouldspan（跨 越）theentirewidthoftheSahel, fromSenegaltoDjibouti.Overall,100millionhectares（ 公 匕页 ）oflandwouldberestoredby2030.0ncecompleted ，itwasannounced ，thewallcouldendupcapturing（ 俘 获） 250milliontonnesofcarbondioxide ，whileitscreationandupkeepcouldcreatetenmillionjobsinruralareas.Lookingattheprojectasawhole,theresstillalongwaytogo.AccordingtoastatusreportbytheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification,aboutfourmillionhectaresofdegradedlandhavebeenrestored.ThismeansthatprogresstowardsthelOOmillionhectarestarg etstandsatj ustfourpercent.“ Whenwestartedrestoringthesoil,werealizedtheareaatriskwasmuchwiderthanweinitiallythought, “ explainsElvisPaulTangem，theAfricanUnion ' sGGWcoordinator. u Wehadfewfundstopushtheinitiativeasmuchaswewantedto.Therewasskepticismamonginvestors , whodidn ' tunderstandtheproject ，butalsoamongtheAfricanstatesthemselves ，whichneededtimetofigureoutiftheGGW wasapriority. 9 . WhatisthepurposeoftheGGWproject? A Toimprovelocalecology. B Todevelopruraleconomy. C Topredictclimatepatterns. D Tostrengthenregionalties. 10. Whatdothestatisticsinparagraph3showoftheinitiative? A Theserviceperiod. B , Thetotalbudget. C Thetargetedgroups. D Theexpectedbenefits. 11. HowdoesElvisPaulTangemfeelabouttheproject? A. Skeptical.B. Worried.C. Confident.D. Satisfied.12 . Whatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthetext? A Africancountriesshouldstandtogether. B TheprogressoftheGGWprojectisslow. C Fightingclimatechangeisourtoppriority. D Naturaldisastersareworsethanwethought.