译林牛津版高中英语（选修七）(全册知识点语法考点梳理、重点题型分类巩固练习).pdf

译林牛津版高中英语（选修七）重难点突破全册知识点梳理及重点题型举一反三巩固练习Unit 1 Living with technology 语 言，曷学习目标重点词汇construct,delay,accessible/distribute,percentage,adaptation,sceptical,ample,casual,suitable,reject,oppose,circumstance,typical重点短语keep in touch with,wind up,vote on,rid-of重点句型It is obvious that,no matter what强调句型知识讲解重点词汇construct【原句回放】John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928,but it was not until 1938 thatthe first colour TV programme was broadcast.约 翰 洛 吉 贝尔德在1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但是直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。【点拨】construct v t 建造，构筑，编造，组成This factory was constructed by our company.这家工厂是由我们公司建设的。The novel is constructed from a series of onthespot reports.这部小说是根据一系列的现场报道而构思的。【拓展】build,construct,found,establish,set up 的区另U这 些 动 词 均有“建设、建立、建造”之意。1.build普通用词，含义广泛，可指一切具体或抽象的建造或建立。2.construct较正式用词，强调根据一定计划进行的规模较大，结构较复杂，要求较高技术的建造。3.found侧重打下基础或创办，具体或抽象事物均可用。4.establish着重稳固地建成，可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立。5.set u p 作“建立”用时，侧 重 于“开始”。可指具体或抽象的建立。delay【原句回放】Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967.有规律的彩色电视节目播放在英国一直延迟到1967年。【点拨】delay v t.延期，耽搁n.延期，延误常用搭配：delay doing延迟做某事a delay o f+时 间 段耽搁.时间后without delay 立刻，立即After a delay of one hour,we continued our journey.耽搁一小时后，我们又继续旅行。You need to get those vegetables planted without delay.你需要马上种下那些蔬菜。The driver delayed the drive until the weather cleared.驾驶员延迟到天气转晴后才出车。He delayed telling her the news,waiting fbr the right moment.他没有马上告诉她这个消息，等有适当的时机再说。【拓展】postpone,delay,put o ff的区别postpone指延期一段时间等做过了某件事、了解了某种情况或信息后再去做；delay指因出现了某种障碍而延缓，要延迟到什么时候还不确定；put o ff常指把某事暂搁在一边直至另外一件事发生完成。accessible/distribute【原句 回放】They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities,and satellite dishescan often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas.它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视，而且人造卫星天线常常被分布在整个农村和偏远地区。【点 拨 1】accessible adj,可得到的，易接近的，可进入的，易受影响的，易理解的常用搭配：an accessible person 温和的人accessible evidence可取得的证据This database is only accessible by the authorized manager.只有授权的管理员才可以访问此数据库。The information ought to be made more accessible.资料应该明白易懂。This island is accessible only by boat.这个小岛只能坐小船去。【拓展】access v t.接近，进入n入口，出口；接近；使 用 的 权 力（常与介词to 连用）常用搭配：have access能接近，可以会见，能进入，能使用give sb.access t o 答应让某人使用He only has assess to his children at weekends.他只有在周末才有权利去看望他的孩子们。Citizens may have free access to the library.市民可以自由使用图书馆。【点 拨 2】distribute v.分发，配送，使分布,使散布Clothes and blankets have been distributed to the refugees.衣物和毯子被分发给难民。Make sure the weight of the load is evenly distributed.要保证装载物的重量均匀分布。【拓展】distribution n.分配，分发；分布状态The conference discussed the fair distribution of income and wealth.会议讨论了公平分配收入和财富的问题。The town council passed a law forbidding the distribution of handbills.市议会通过了 一项禁止散发传单的法令。percentage【原句回放】Of course,only a small percentage of people own satellite dishes.当然，只有一小部分人拥有自己的卫星天线。【点拨】percentage n.百分比，百分率注意：“a percentage of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词与o f后的名词保持一致。We have only a small percentage of foreign books.我们只有一小部分外文书。A large percentage of the hotel s income is from the visitors to the lake nearby.那家旅馆的收入的大部分来自游览附近那个湖的游客。Only a small percentage of the patients are children.病人中只有一小部分是儿童。【拓展】percent百分之.It is often stated that we use only 10 percent of our brain.常有报告称人只运用了大脑的10%。adaptation【原句 回放】It was not until 1906 that adaptations were made so that radio could relay conversationand m usic.直 到 1906年人们才做出变通，这样收音机就能转播会话和音乐了。【点拨】adaptation n.适应，改编本，改写本He made a quick adaptation to the new environment.他很快适应了新的环境。It is an adaptation of a novel for television.这是一本小说改成的电视剧本。【拓展】adapt v t 使适应；改编常用搭配：adapt(oneself)t o 适应adapt.for.把.改编成be adapted from.由.改编 而 来The author is going to adapt his play for television.作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。The new students are very slow to adapt to the rules.新生对于那些规定适应得很慢。sceptical【原句 回放】Since people were sceptical that the public would want to hear radio broadcasts,thebuilding of radio stations was delayed.既然人们怀疑公众会想听无线电广播，建造电台被耽搁下来。【点拨】sceptical 27：怀疑的；怀疑论者的(美式拼法为skeptical)常用搭配：take a sceptical attitude 持怀疑态度be sceptical about/of 对某事怀疑The public remain sceptical of this claims.公众对这一说法仍持怀疑态度。Mary is sceptical about the solution玛丽对这个解决办法表示怀疑。He listened to me with a sceptical expression.他听我讲话的时候带着怀疑的表情。【拓展】sceptically adv.怀疑地ample【原 句回放】I had bought myself a magazine since I had ample time to wait 由于我有 充足的时间等待，我买了一本杂志。【点拨】ample adj.充足的，足够的，富裕的；宽敞的We have ample money for the journey.我们有足够的钱去旅游。There s ample room for the children on the back scat.后座很宽敞足容得下孩子们。He was reluctant to admit any of the ample evidence.他对这些充分证据的任何部分都不愿承认其有效。【拓展】amply adv.足够地；详细她；充分地ampleness.广 大；富裕amplify v.放大，增强casual【原句回放】We had a casual conversation in the waiting room.在候诊室里面我们随意交谈。【点拨】casual adj.随便的，非正式的；漠不关心的；偶然的常用搭配：be casual about对.漠不关心的He was wearing casual clothes,not his school ones.他穿着他的便服，不是他的校服。The plan grew out of a casual conversation.这个计划出自于一次非正式的谈话。She is casual about winning the prize.她对获奖漠不关心 osuitable【原 句回放】Especially suitable for people with a reading disability,特别对有阅读障碍的人合适.【点拨】suitable adj.合适的,适宜的常用搭配：be suitable for sb./sth.适合某人/某物be suitable to do sth.适合做某事The house is not really suitable for such a large fomily.这所房子对这样的一个大家庭真的不合适。Would this be suitable to wear to Bob s wedding?这一件适合在鲍勃的婚礼上穿吗？【拓 展 1】suit v.适合，相称；n.一 套（衣服），套装It is difficult to find a time that suits everybody.很难找到一个对每人都合适的时间【拓 展 2 suitable和 fitsuitable指具有适合于某种特定场合、地位或情况等的品质。伍指具有适合于某个目的，某种工作或某种用途等必需的品质或条件。After the interview,the employer concluded that she was fit for the job.面试后老板下结论说她能胜任这项工作。reject【原句 回放】The Amish reject cars because they like having tight communities where everyone livesclose together.阿曼门诺派教徒拒绝用汽车因为他们喜欢所有人都住在很近的社区。【点拨】reject v t拒绝，拒 收,抵 制，挨弃常用搭配：reject a suggestion/an offer/a decision拒绝一个建议/提议/决定The committee has rejected the advice of accountants.委员会拒绝了会计们的建议。I ve been rejected by all the universities I applied to.所有我申请的大学都没录取我。After the transplant his body rejected the new heart.他的身体排斥新移植的心脏。【拓展】辨析：refuse和rejectrefuse是普通用词，后接双宾语名词或不定式；reject用于正式场合，如外交或商业条款等，另 外 还 有“抛弃、剔除”之义，后常接名词。oppose【原句 回放】Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face,they oppose having telephones intheir houses.因为阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对面交流，所以他们反对在住宅里装电话。【点拨】oppose v t反对，抵制，对抗常用搭配：be opposed to sth.反对，相对（注意to是介词）oppose doing sth.反对做某事He threw all those that opposed him into prison.他把反对他的人都投入监狱。Many residents arc opposed to the plan of building the motorway.许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。I m much opposed to your going abroad.我非常反对你出国。【拓 展1】opposed adj.反对的，对 立 的（常与介词to连用）She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.她仍然激烈地反对移居到国外的想法。【拓展 2 oppose 和 object1.oppose表示采取积极行动来反对，着重动作，反对的对象常为较重大的事；2.object指个人不赞成某事，或由于与个人有关而提出反对意见；3.oppose可以作及物动词，而object 一般是不及物动词，接宾语时常加介词to。He doesn?t oppose the plan at all.他根本不反对这个计划。She objects to being scolded in public.她不想被当众斥责。circumstance【原句 回放】For example,no matter what the circumstances,when the phone rings,everything stopsso that the call can be answered.例如，无论在什么情况下，当电话铃响起时，为了接电话，一切都得停下来。【点拨】circumstance n.情形，情况，环 境（常用复数）常用搭配：Linder/in the circumstances在此情况下；情况既然如此under no circumstances(=in no case)无论如何不；决不(注意：此短语放句首，句子倒装)What were the circumstances that led you to telephone the police?是什么情况使你打电话给警察的？He lives in poor circumstances.他境况不好。Under no circumstances will 1 believe y o u.无论如何，我都不会相信你。typical【原句 回放】For some reason,a typical mobile phone call is nearly always given greater importancethan a face-to-face conversation.由于某些原因，典型的手机电话几乎总比面对面的交流更重要。【点拨】typical a dj.典型的，有代表性的常用搭配：be typical o f 典 型 的,有代表性的It s typical of sb.to do s th.某人一向如此做某事Snow is typical of winter in the north.雪是北方冬天的特征。The painting is fairly typical of his early works.这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的一幅画。It is typical of him to take hard jobs.抢重活干就是他的特点。重点短语keep in touch with【原句回放】With mobile phones,wc can keep in touch with others wherever wc arc.有了 手机，无论我们在哪里都可以联系其他人。【点拨】keep in touch w ith 与.保持联系I met her when I was a student,and T have kept in touch with her ever since.我是学生的时候遇见她，以后我们一直保持着联系。It is important to keep in touch with the latest research.及时掌握最新的研究情况很重要。【拓展】有 关 touch的短语stay in touch w ith.与.保持联系 be in touch w ith.与.保持联系get in touch w ith.与.取得联系 out of touch w ith.与.没有联系lose touch w汕 与.失去联系If we can help you further,please don t hesitate to get in touch with us.如果我们可以进一步帮助你，请与我们取得联系。To be frank with you,I vc been out of touch with most of my old friends.实话告诉你，我和大部分的老朋友们都失去联系了。The old men began to lose touch with rcaHty.这位老人开始与现实脱节。wind up【原句 回放】The first record players had to be wound up by hand and only played records that weretwo minutes long.最早的留声机必须手摇上发条，而且只能播放两分钟长的唱片。【点拨】wind u p 卷 起,上 紧.发条；使结束Please wind up the wires.请卷起这些电线oWhat time is it?I forgot to wind up my watch.几点了？我忘了给手表上发条了。Let s see if we can wind this up by 7 o clock.看看咱们能不能在7点前把这个弄完。【拓展】wind vt(wound,wound)上发条；缠，绕；蜿蜒，迂回n.风常用搭配：wind sth.around sth.缠绕；卷绕wind one s w ay蜿蜒；曲折延伸The narrow road winds its way up to the top of Mountain Tai.狭窄的道路弯弯曲曲，通往泰山山顶。She asked me to wind the wool for her.她叫我帮她绕毛线。The nurse wound a bandage around my le g.护士用绷带包扎我的腿。vote on【原句回放】They then vote on whether they will accept i t.然后他们投票表决是否接受它。【点拨】vote o n就.投票表决If we can t agree,we 1 1 have to vote on it.如果意见不统一，我们就得投票表决。At the end of the meeting,a vote was taken on the motion.会议结束前对该项提议进行了表决。【拓展】vote n.选举权，投票，选举，投票结果已表 决，选举，投票常用搭配：vote fo r投票赞成vote against投票反对vote to do sth.投票去做某事Union members voted to accept the management?s offer.工会会员表决接受资方的提议。Twenty-two voted for it and fourteen voted against it.22人投票赞成，14人反对。I suggested putting the matter to a vote,but the chairman objected to it.我建议对此事投票表决，但主席表示反对。rid of【原句 回放】Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times.也许我们应该摆脱现代技术回归更为简单的时代。【点拨】rid oneself o f摆脱，去掉The government is trying to rid the people of hunger.政府正在努力使人们摆脱饥饿。You should rid yourself of that bad habit,你应该戒除那个坏习才贯。【拓展】rid vt&n,(rid,r i d)摆脱，去除，丢弃常用搭配：群t rid o f免除;摆脱(表动作)be rid of sb./sth.摆脱某人/某事物(表状态)want rid of sb./sth.想摆脱某人/某物It s about time you got rid of that old gas-guzzling car.该是你把那辆破旧的油老虎汽车扔掉的时候了。He was at last rid of the toothache.他终于不牙疼了。重点句型It is obvious that,-【原句回放】It was obvious that he was suffering great pain when he talked.显而易见的是，他说话的时候遭受了很大的痛苦。【点拨】It is obvious that,-,显而易见，.1.此句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。2.形容词obvious可以用某些形容词代替，常用的有：clear,necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,strange,normal3.形容词如果是necessary,strange,important,essential,此句型的that从句的谓语动词多是(should)+动词原形h s clear that they badly need help.很明显，他们急需援助。It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.很可能飓风马上就要到 达。It is necessary that you(should)master the computer.你很有必要掌握 电脑。【拓展】类似句型：1.It+be+名词词组+that从句常用于此句型的名词词组有：a fact,a good idea,a pity,an honor,a shame,no wonder,good news 等。It s a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。2.It+be+过去分词+that从句常用的过去分词有：said,reported,hoped,believed,expected,decided,well known 等 It is wellknown that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。3.It+seems/happens/appears/doesnt matter/makes no difference+that 从句。Tt happened that I had seen the film.碰巧我已看过 了 那部电影。no matter what【原 句回放】For example,no matter what the circumstances,when the phone rings,everything stopsso that the call can be answered.例如，无论在什么情况下，当电话铃声响起时，为了接电话，一切都得停下来。【点拨】no matter what 无论什么1.no matter what 引导让步状语从句，其完整形式是 no matter what the circumstances are。2.no matter what 可以用 whatever 来替换。3.其他特殊疑问词，如how,when,where,who等也可以与no matter一起引导状语从句，也可以与-ever替换。No matter who you know,you have to wait in line.无论你认识谁，你都得排队。No matter how terrible this dish is,T will eat it out,because I don t like wasting.无论有多难吃，我都会吃完，因为我不喜欢浪费。强调句型【原句回放】John Tx）gie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928,but it was not until 1938 thatthe first colour TV programme was broadcast.约 翰 洛 吉 贝尔德在1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但是直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。【点拨】强调句型：It+b c+强调部分+that（who）+句子其它部分注意：1.此句型用于强调除了谓语以外的其他成分。2.notuntil句型中，强调until引出的状语或状语从句时，要 把not放until前。Carol met your brother in the street yesterday.卡罗尔昨天在街上碰到你弟弟了。强调主语Carol：It was Carol who（that）met your brother in the street yesterday.是卡罗尔昨天在街上碰到你弟弟的。强调宾语your brother:It was your brother that Carol met in the street yesterday.卡罗尔昨天在街上碰到的是你弟弟。强调地点状语：It was in the street that（不用 where）Carol met your brother yesterday.卡罗尔昨天是在街上碰到你弟弟的。强调时间状语：It was yesterday that（不用 when）Carol met your brother in the street.是昨天卡罗尔在街上碰到你弟弟的。强调原因状语：It was because her mother was ill that she didn t go to work.是因为她母亲生病她才没去上班。not,-,until 句型：It was not until 12 o,clock that his father came home from work.直 到12点他的爸爸才下班回家。巩固练习一、单词填空根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。1.The great（缺点、）to living on a main road is the constant noise.2.They collected many used books and（分发）them to the children living in the poorareas.3.You don t have to be angry.He（只不过）wanted to know the truth.4.Her parents made many（牺 牛 生）so that she could go to university.5.Under no（情况）should you lend him any money.6.It is（明显的）that even if we can save much energy we can only delay the energycrisis.7.People wi t hout（保险）had to pay for their own repairs.8.Of all the fibers now used by man,a ve ry7 l ar ge（匕 匕 例|）is man-made.9.The s t r e a m（蜿蜒）its way through the village to the river.10.The toy is not（合适的）for young children like your daughter.二、完成句子1.我们已有数年未与罗杰斯联系了。We with Rogers for years.2.我们决定把假期推迟到下个月。We decided to our holiday until next month.3.我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。I don t have anything for the party.4.我们将听取双方的辩论，然后投票表决。Wc,1 1 listen to the arguments on both sides and then it.5.他们设法消除他头脑中的错误思想。They tried to these wrong ideas.6.直到他摘掉眼睛我才意识到他是个著名歌手。It was I realized he was a famous singer.7.他必须知道此事，这很重要。It is important that he about this.8.无论你走到哪里，无论你做什么，我都在这里等着你。,I will be right here waiting for you.三、单项选择1.,1 have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.A.However the story is amusing B.No matter amusing the story isC.However amusing the story is D.No matter how the story is amusing2.that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A.It was we being late B.It was our being lateC.It was we were too late D.Tt was because we were late3.a spoonful of soil can te ll us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A.Remarkable B.Quite remarkableC.It is remarkable that D.It is remarkable fact that4.It s that Zhou Libo is more popular in Shanghai than in any other place in China.A.religious B.serious C.obvious D.generous5.The Smiths have tried many ways but still can t rid their house ants completely.A.from B.of C.off D.to6.We have been told that under no circumstances the telephone in the office for personalaffairs.A.may we use B.wc may use C.wc could use D.did we use7.The trade unions in this industry arc any reduction in wages.A.objecting against B.opposed to C.reacted to D.resisting against8.A highly organized system of irrigation is Chinese agriculture.A.typical of B.consistent with C.famous for D.subject to9.It has been proposed that we our decision until the next meeting.A.delayed B.delay C.can delay D.are to delay10.The doctors the medicines to the people in the flood area.A.distributed B.packed C.prayed D.undertook11.As is known,mobile phones make it possible for people to each other conveniently.A.keep in touch with B.get in touch C.lose touch D.be concerned