语言学试题.pdf
第一部分选择题I.Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully.Decidewhich one of the four choices best completes the statement and put theletter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%x 10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the languagepeopleactually use,and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior,it is said to be.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs,the is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme vision in the common word television is a(n).A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A_in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator5、Can I borrow your bike?Y ou have a bike.A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the wayspeakers interpret sentences is c a l l e d.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained,in part,as analogic changes,which are or generalization.A、elaborationB、simplificationC、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、refers to a marginal language of few lexical items andstraightforward grammatical rules,used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua francaB、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language9、Psychologists,neurologists and linguists have concluded that,inaddition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulationof utterances,three areas of the left brain are vital to language,n a m e ly,.A、Brocas area,Wernickes area and the angular gyrusB、Brocas area,Wernickes area and cerebral cortexC、Brocas area,Wernickes area and neuronsD、Brocas area,Wernickes area and Exners area10、According to K rashen,refers to the gradual and subconciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题II.Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements withone word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note thatyou are to fill in One word only,and you are not allowed to change theletter given.(1%X10=10%)11、Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users k of the rulesofhis language.12、The four sounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/have one feature in common,i.e,they are all b.13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure ofwords and the rules by which words are formed.14 A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises anumber of words to form a complete statement,question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances arecalled c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker tosomethings being the case,to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose.Such a method ofenlarging the vocabulary is known as word c.18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction(he+is-*hes),Black English can d the form of be.19 The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the shortperiod from about age two to puberty,which is called the c period forfirst language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning,i is a product of L2training,mother tongue intereference,overgeneralization of the targetlanguage rules,and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III.Directions:Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse.Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of eachstatement.If you think a statement is false,you must explain why youthink so and give the correct version.(2%x 10=20%)()21、In modern linguistic studies,the written form of language is givenmore emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in bothChinese and English.()23、The compound word bookstore is the place where books are sold.Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of themeaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences(S)and clauses(C)only.()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialectssuch as British English and American English but cannot be found withinthe variety itself,for example,within British English or AmericanEnglish.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantlyviolatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversationalimplicatures arise.()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainlyspokentoday also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities,two languages have the same inspeechsituations known as domains.()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their firstlanguage.IV.Directions:Explain the following terms,using one or two examplesforillustration.(3%x 10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV.Answer the following questions.(10%x2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change,giving someexamples in English for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题(2)一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案,并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2 分，共 20分)l.The pair of words lendand borrow are.()A.gradable opposites B.relational oppositesC.co-hyponyms D.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the workof the British scholar)A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation andpronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildlyinappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say“night”aslight”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound/n/in theirmother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called _ word.()A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.amultiple7.The function of the sentence“A nice day,isnt it?,is.()A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English andBritish English are in _ and vocabulary.()A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciationD.structure9.deals with the way in which a language varies through geographicalspace.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.SociolinguisticslO.The semantic components of the word“gentleman”can be expressedas _.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult二、填空题（每 空1分，共10分）11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises anumber of w to form a complete statement,q orcommand.1 2.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members ofs_g13.Utterance is based on;it is the realization ofthe abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,orsimply in a context.14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a,one who canspeak several languages fluently.15.Consonant sounds can be either v or v,while all vowelsounds are v.三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2 分，共 20分)16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.()17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study ofmeaning.()18.Linguistics is the course of language.()19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or averb phrase is grammatically called predicate.()20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.()21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries valuejudgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.()22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。()23.The word“photographically”is made up of 4 morphemes.()24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.()25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.()四、名词解释（每小题3分，共30分）26.general linguistics27.suprasegmental features28.root and stem29.hierarchical structure30.naming theory and conceptualist view31.maxims of quality and manner32.blending33.sociolect34.subvocal speech35.contrastive analysis五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways toshow the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(l)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the presidents appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix twoexamples.re-un-anti-super-wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题(3)第一部分 选择题 I.Directions:Read each of the following statementscarefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes thestatement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%X 10=20%)l.The fact that different languages have different words for the sameobject is good proof that human language is.A.arbitrary B.non-arbitraryC.logical D.non-productive2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e.rounded,E X C E P T.3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takesplace is commonly termed the.A.phrase structure B.surface structureC.syntactic structure D.deep structure4.The theory o f accounts for the fact that noun phrases appearonly in subject and object positions.A.Case Condition B.Adjacent ConditionC.parameter D.Adjacent parameters5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the sameform is called.A.polysemy B.hyponymyC.antonymy D.homonymy6.The utterance Were already working 25 hours a day,eight days aweek,obviously violates the maxim of.A.quality B.quantity C.relationD.manner7.In first language acquisition children usually grammatical rulesfrom the linguistic information they hear.A.use B.acceptC.generalize D.reconstruct8.Standardization known as is necessary in order to facilitatecommunications.A.language interpretation B.language identificationC.language choice D.language planning9.Which of the following choices is not the key biological basis forhuman language acquisition?A.Cerebral cortexB.NeuronsC.EyesD.Angular gyrus10.Basically all the following categories except are alwaysmissing in the childrens telegraphic speech stage.A.the copula verb be B.inflectional morphemesC.function words D.content words第二部分 非选择题 H.Directions:Fin in the blank in each of thefollowing statements with one word,the first letter of which is alreadygiven as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are notallowed to change the letter given.(l%X 10=10%)11.Language exists in time and changes through time.The description ofa language at some point of time is called a _s study of language.12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether theair coming up from the lungs meets with any _o when a soundis produced.13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves,but must becombined with other morphemes to form words are called _bmorphemes.14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP the boy wholikes his puppy consists of Det,N and S,with Det being the_s,N the head and S the complement.15.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts,to suggestthat someone should see the doctor should fall into the category of_d.16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific andgeneral lexical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called_s.17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _arule,which,for the most part,is caused by articulatory or physiologicalprocess in which successive sounds are made identical,or more similar,to one another.18.One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of_s words and expressions,which make sense only to the peopleof particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership andsolidarity within a given social group.19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves,called_h,one on the right and one on the left.20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue insteadof first language,and _t language instead of second language insecond language acquisition literature.III.Directions:Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse.Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of eachstatement.If you think a statement is false,you must explain why youthink so and give the correct version.(2%X 10=20%)21.()Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e.we are allborn with the ability to acquire language and the details of a languagesystem are genetically transmitted.22.()A general difference between phonetics and phonology is thatphonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonologyis more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.23.()Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined toform compounds.24.()Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items,but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements ina particular order.25.()The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only.For example,female occurs only in nouns such as mother,womangirl tigress and so on but not in other parts of speech.26.()According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts,inviting,ordering,advising,promising and apologizing all fall into thecategory of directives.27.()New words may be formed from existing words by subtractingan affix thought to be part of the old word;that is,ignorance sometimescan be creative.Thus peddle was derived from peddler on themistaken assumption that the-er was the agentive suffix.28.()Women in Western countries at least appear to be morestatus-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certainlinguistic variables.29.()The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of anaverage human degenerates after the critical period and consequently,most linguistic skills cannot develop.30.()Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisitionof the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance.IV.Directions:Explain the following terms,using one or two examplesfor illustration.(3%xl0=30%)31.narrow transcription32.stem33.derivational affixes34.grammatical relation35.predication36.semantic narrowing37.nonstandard languages38.linguistic taboo39.angular gyrus4O.interlanguageV.Answer the following questions.(10%X 2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone,phoneme andallophone,and also how they are related英语语言学试题(5)一、单项选择题(在每小题的四
