2023届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试卷（含答案解析）.pdf

2023届 上 海 市 金 山 区 高 三 上 学 期 一 模 英 语 试 卷 学 校:姓 名：班 级：考 号：一、用 单 词 的 适 当 形 式 完 成 短 文 Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent.Forthe blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form o f the given word.For theother blanks,fill in each blank with one proper word.Make sure that your answers aregrammatically correct.Your Smell Could Attract MosquitoesA new study finds that some people attract mosquitoes much more than others,and itprobably involves the way they smell.The researchers have found that people who attract mosquitoes the most(produce)a lot of certain chemicals on their skin.These chemicals 2(connect)tothe smell that attracts the mosquitoes.Leslie Vosshall is one of the researchers in New York.She said,If you have high levelsof this stuff on your skin,youre going to be the one at the picnic 3(get)all thebites.For the study,researchers designed an experiment to have peoples smells competeagainst each other.They asked 64 volunteers to wear stockings around their forearms toabsorb the smell from their skin.The stockings were put in separate traps at the end of a longtube.Then,dozens of mosquitoes were released.The mosquitoes came to some traps muchmore than others.The scientists did the experiment several times,always changing whichstockings were competing against each other.At the end,they discovered a huge differencebetween stockings.4(attractive)stocking was around 100 times more attractive tothe mosquitoes than the last-place finisher.By testing the same people for over a year,the study showed that these big differencesremain.Mosquito magvefs(招 蚊 子 喜 欢 的 人)seem 5(remain)mosquito magnets,“Researchers said.One common factor they found was 6 mosquito magnets had highlevels of certain acids on their skin.“The research could help find new ways to drive away m osquitoes,said JefTRiffell,ascientist not 7(involve)in the study,“There 8 be ways to affect the skinbacteria and change the smell that attracts mosquitoes.However,he said that would be hardto do.Researchers also did the experiment with mosquitoes 9 genes were changedto damage their sense of smell.But they still flew to the same mosquito magnets.Vbsshallsaid mosquitoes have ways to find us 10 we change some conditions.4 4They havemany backup plans to be able to find us and bite us J she said.二、选 用 适 当 的 单 词 或 短 语 补 全 短 文 Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can onlybe used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.abandoned B.challenge C.colored D.demonstrate E.ensuresF.initiatives G.innovation H.pilot I.purchased J.recycled K.tailorsLego:One Step Closer to Being SustainableThe Lego Group is one step closer toreaching its goal of making all its products from sustainable materials by 2030.The Danish toymaker revealed a prototype（雏 形）brick made from 1 1 plastic.In a news release,Lego said the PET plastic from 12 bottles makes up the first brickto meet the companys strict quality and safety requirements.One way the company13 safety is by sourcing materials from suppliers that use processes approved by theUS Food&Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority.“The biggest 14 on our sustainability journey is rethinking and innovating newmaterials that are as long-lasting,strong and high quality as our existing bricks and fit withLEGO elements made over the past 60 years,L ego Group Vice President of EnvironmentalResponsibility Tim Brooks said.4tWith this prototype were able to 15 the progresswere making to the public.It will be“some time,before bricks made from used materials can be 16,Legosaid.The company will continue to test and develop the PET formulation（酉 己 方）and decidewhether to move to the 17 production phase,which is expected to take at least ayear.One factor the company is testing is how the material can be 18.Experimentation and failing is an important part of learning and 19.Just askids build,unbuild and rebuild with LEGO bricks at home,were doing the same in our lab,“Brooks said.The move follows last years announcement that the company was making a S400试 卷 第 2 页，共 12页million investment over three years into sustainability 20.It included phasing outthe single-use plastic bags from its boxes and instead using recyclable paper for itspackaging.三、完 形 填 空 In 2007,a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems as if it would neverneed testing:Is more happiness always better than less?The researchers asked collegestudents to rate their feelings on a scale from“unhappy to very happy“and compared theresults with academic and social outcomes.Although the“very happy“participants hadbrilliant social lives,they performed 21 in school than those who were merely“happy”.The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated collegefreshmen”cheerfulness and 22 their income nearly two decades later.Theyfound that the most 23 were not the highest earners.That distinction（荣 誉）onceagain went to the second-highest group,which rated their cheerfulness as“above average.”As with everything in life,happiness has its 24.Pursuing happiness to theexclusion of other goals-known as psychological hedonism（享 乐 主 义）is 25 Itgives a life where you do not reach your full potential,where you are 26 to takerisks,where you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give lifemeaning.When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life,their true source offear,in many cases,27 how they will feel about having failed,not about theconsequence of the failure itself.This is similar to the way that discomfort with 28causes more anxiety than guaranteed bad news.To 29 these bad feelings,peoplegive up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure.However,bringing good things into your life,whether love or career success,usuallyinvolves risk.Risk does not,of c o u r s e,30 make us happy.A risky life will verylikely bring disappointment,but it can bring greater 3j than a life played safe,asthe studies above suggested.None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be h a p p y.3 2,thedesire for happiness is natural and normal.Making the pursuit of positive feelings yourhighest or only goal,however,is a costly life strategy.Endless happiness is impossible toachieve,and doing so 33 many of the elements of a good life.As theCanadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote,Its the 34 we choose thataffords the most opportunity fbr pleasure,meaning,and personal growth.”Though pain should never be anyones goal,each of us can strive for a rich life in whichwe not only seek the sunshine but fully 35 the rain that inevitably falls as well.Thisis the paradox（悖 论）of being fully alive.21.A.unwillingly B.unpleasantly C.admirably D.incredibly22.A.generated B.increased C.tracked D.drained23.A.joyful B.wealthy C.successful D.distinctive24.A.advantage B.balance C.opportunity D.preference25.A.fruitful B.significant C.priceless D.rewardless26.A.desperate B-hesitant C.likely D.tempted27.A.centers on B.works on C.takes on D.passes on28.A.performance B.discipline C.uncertainty D.ignorance29.A.conceal B.create C.tolerate D.avoid30.A.necessarily B.inevitably C.similarly D.deliberately31.A.fascination B.rewards C.depression D.challenges32.A.On the contrary B.That is to say C.For instanceD.In turn33.A.harvests B.encounters C.designs D.sacrifices34.A.happiness B.wealth C.dishonor D.suffering35.A.escape B.predict C.experience D.produce四、阅 读 理 解 Ten years ago,the cyclisfs riding hard through the first snow storm of the year was arare sight,often captured for the evening news.Today,however,it is estimated that 4-5%ofcyclists ride bikes year-round.Being prepared is key to a good ride in the winter.The increasing popularity of wintercycling is due to the creation of mountain bike and its imitation.Equipped with more stablebicycles,nothing seems to be able to stop the adventurous winter cyclists.Many of them wear试 卷 第 4 页，共 12页running shoes and protect themselves from the cold by wearing downhill-skiing clothes.Onwet days,they wear special water-proof over their shoes.Besides all these mentioned above,there is one thing that has made winter riding morepopular these years.In the past,cyclists need to clean and oil their bicycle chains once a week,which is no easy task.But one bicycle store owner tackled this weekly challenging task withan innovated complete chain cover.With bicycle chains completely covered,cyclists wouldneed to do the troublesome work once every six months.Despite this amazing invention,thestore owner still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when its really snowing heavily,notbecause conditions are too hard for bicycles,but because she is afraid that many bikers maylose confidence in themselves on snowy days of reduced discemibilily,which is verydangerous.36.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Winter Mountain cycling competitions.B.Suitable clothing for winter cycling.C.Popularity of winter cycling and its reasons.D.Increases in winter cycling equipment.37.According to the passage,what has made winter cycling no longer a rare sight?A.Construction of bicycle paths.B.A decrease in equipment prices.C.The invention of stable bicycles.D.Milder weather in recent years.38.How did one bicycle store owner help the winter cyclists?A.She sells bicycles at a very low price.B.She makes cycling in winter less dangerous.C.She helps improve cyclists confidence when riding.D.She invents a new way to reduce the frequency of maintenance.39.The underlined word“discemibility“in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toA.visibility B.popularityC.congestion D.creativityPeople with fixed mindsets believe that:Skill,intelligence and talents are natural.Failure is shameful and should be avoided.Some people are naturally good at things whileothers not.You are not in control of your abilities.People with growth mindsets believethat:You have the capacity to learn and growyour skills.Failure is a valuable lesson.People who are good at something aregood because they build that ability.You are in control of your abilities.have a desire to look smart,so tend to:Avoid challenges.一 Give up easily.一 See effort as fruitless or worse.Ignore useful negative feedback.一 Feel threatened by the success of others.have a desire to learn,so tend to:Embrace challenges.Persist in the face of setbacks.一 See effort as the path to mastery.一 Learn from criticism.Find lessons and inspiration in thesuccess of others.As a result,they may stay at the same levelearly and achieve less than their fullpotential.As a result,they reach ever-higherlevels of achievement.Change can be tough,but Ive never heard anyone say it wasnt worth it.Did changingto a growth mindset solve all my problems?No.But I know that I have a different lifebecause of it-a richer one.40.The book m indsef is intended t o.A.tell readers that two different mindsetslead to different results试 卷 第 6 页，共 12页B.illustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefsC.help readers believe people act differently when facing challengesD.persuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life41.Generally speaking,people with fixed mindsets are m o s t l y.A.successful B.straightforwardC.intelligent D.narrow-minded42.A person with a growth mindset is likely to s a y.A.If I win,TH be somebody;if I lose,Fil be nobody.B.”To be good at sports,you need to be naturally gifted.vC.”Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly,and you will always improve.”D.”You have a certain level of ability in sports and you cannot really do much to change it.”Venus（金 星）has long played second to its redder,smaller and more distant neighbor.Given how inhospitable（不 宜 居 住 的）Venus has appeared to be,we have spent the majorityof the last century pinning some of our biggest hopes of finding signs of life on Mars.That all changed on September 15,2020.It was announced that a strange gas calledphosphine had been spotted in the clouds above Venus.The gas is produced by microbes,extremely small living things,here on Earth,so the discovery has renewed hopes that theremight be life on Venus.Now we need to know fbr sure.There is,after all,only so much we can do with ground-based instruments.Venus isextremely bright.This brightness,caused by the intense reflection of sunlight from its thickclouds and highlighted because of its closer distance to Earth,basically blinds our instrumentsfrom making more detailed observations of the planet.It is like trying to look at the roadwhile another cars high（远 光 灯）are pointed in your direction.“To really get to the heart of this question,we need to go to Venus,says Paul Byrne,aplanetary scientist at North Carolina State University.But of course,that is easier said thandone.Temperatures at the surface reach 464,and pressures are 89 times higher than onEarth.Only the Soviet Union has successfully landed on the Venusian surfaceits Venera 13lander functioned fbr 127 minutes before succumbing to the bad weather in 1982.It is noteasy to justify spending hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars on a mission thatcould be over in a matter of hours without giving us what we need.An orbiter is the most sensible start.Unlike ground-based observations,orbiters can peerinto the atmosphere and would have a better time observing how phosphine levels changeover time or over what regions they are most concentrated.An orbiter also presents theopportunity to complete more challenging projects by potentially venturing directly into theplanefs atmosphere.A sample return mission could be possible,in which a spacecraft fliesinto the atmosphere and bottles up some gas to bring back to Earth for laboratory analysis.Trying to find life on another planet,however,is not simply a walk from point A to pointB.No single mission to Venus will be able to finish all the work necessary to answer thequestion.It might be time to think not just about what the next mission to Venus should be,but what a whole new era of Venus exploration would look like:a group of multiple missionsthat explore Venus in joint efforts-the way we currently do with Mars.43.Venus is considered inhospitable to humans mainly b e c a u s e.A.the pressure of the planet is too lowB.the surface of the planet is too brightC.the density（密 度）of the clouds is too lowD.the surface temperature of the planet is too high44.The underlined phrase succumbing to in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning toA.giving in to B.keeping away fromC.making up for D.putting up with45.According to the article,scientists will be better able to reveal the secret about Venus byA.sending astronauts to the planetB.using a more advanced space telescopeC.launching an orbiter to the planetD.redesigning their ground-based instruments46.What can we infer from the article?A.We have little hope of successfully finding life on Venus.B.We have a firm determination to discover life on other planets.C.We have spent much time studying phosphine in the past century.D.