2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习：第9讲-动词及动词短语（一）教案.pdf

课程主题：动词及动词短语（-）2023年安徽省中考英语总复习一轮复习学习目标1.了解动词的基本类型及基本用法；2.通过各种题型的练习，提高解题的能力。教学内容【进门测试】1.Yueda G roup has found a way to the waste and doesnt put it into the river any more.A.produce B.recycle C.require D.protect2.一Im sorry to on you,but there are one or two things I dont understand.It doesnt matter.A.cut down B.cut out C.cut in D.cut off3.-How is our government going to deal with the office building?一 It will be a library.A.turned off B.turned on C.turned out D.turnedinto4.1 t is necessary for schools to the need of all the students development.A.cut B.hide C.refuse D.satisfy5.I dont know where to go this summer vacation.一Why not visiting Jingzhou?There are many places of interest.A.regard B.consider C.wonder D.suggest6.These oranges look nice,but very sour.A.feel B.taste C.sound D.look7.The company to complete work in two months.A.except B.introduces C.expects D.compares8.Murray plans to study art in the U.K.His friends will him off at the airport next week.A.take B.see C.leave9.一Dad,Ill be in the final singing competition tomorrow.Be careful not to get a sore throat and your voice.A.lose B.raise C.dropD.break10.Sorry,Tve forgotten your name.Can you_me?一Im Daniel.A.remind B.receive C.respect D.remember【答案】1-5BCDDB 6-10 BCBAA【多元导学】|+宾语实乂动词+复合宾语.不及物动词系动词:be seem sound t turn become等+表语动词的 f+doingqbe种类+done、+done助动词4 have(has，had),t.、十been doingdo(does did)w ill，shall would 9 should情态动词：may，can,must might，could等【互动精讲】【知识梳理1】动词分类1.动词可以分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。类 别意 义例 句实义动词含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句子中能独立作谓语。She has some bananas.她吃些香蕉。They eat a lot 社pofafoes.他们常吃土豆。I9nt reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。His fatherjs a Eeac/z.他父亲是教师。Twins usually look the same.双胞胎通常看起来一样。The teacher became very angry.老师变得很生气。助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式，助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。He doesn 7 speak English.他不说英语。We are playing basketball.我们在打篮球。Do you have a brother?你有兄弟吗？情态动词本身有一定的意义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化，有些情态动词有过去式。You can keep the books for two weeks.这些书你可以借两个星期。May I smoke here?我亘以在这儿抽烟吗？We must go n o w.我们现在得走了。【知识梳理2】实义动词：实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1.及物动词（vt）及物动词本身意义完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。I like this book very much.I saw the children play in the park yesterday.Please pass me the salt.批注：常见的带双宾语的动词有 give,bring,buy,get,leavejend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read,return不及物动词（vi.）不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。2.不及物动词（vi）：不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。如果接宾语的话，需要在动词后加介词。Horses run fast.Listen to the teacher carefully.He turned off the light when he left.Please pay attention to the phrases in the article.She is satisfied with what I did.【例题精讲】实义动词例 1:As soon as she at home,Sally knew she had bought the wrong dress.（2017苏州）A.handed it in B.tried it on C.cut it out D.made it up【答案】B【解 析 峋 意：莎莉在家一试穿就知道她买错了裙子.结合后文的dress用短语try on试穿，代词it放中间,handin 上交,cut out切断,make up编造，动副词短语，若代词作宾语，要放在动词和副词之间。根据句意选B例 2:Whats the meaning of One Belt and One Road”?Let me the words in the new dictionary.（2017孝感）A.look at B.look for C.look after D.look up【答案】D【解析】look at看“；look for 寻 找 ；look after”照顾，照料；look up”查 阅 由 句 意：一带一路什么意思？让我在这个新字典里查一下。可知答案选D。例 3:The film Youth many people and some of them couldnt help crying while watching it.（2018 联合体一模模拟卷）A.touched B.caugh C.felt D.reached【答案】A【解析】电 影 芳华触动了许多人，有些人禁不住流下眼泪。例 4:It is helpful to a good habit of reading in language learning.（2013 安徽）A.take B.show C.develop D.match【答案】C【解析】take意为“花费”；show意为“展示；develop意为“开发；发 展 match意为“搭配”。只有develop符合句意“在语言学习上发展一个好习惯是有帮助的。故选C。【知识梳理3】系动词定义：当用一个名词、形容词对主语的职业、特征、性质进行描述时，名词、形容词不能直接放到主语后，而要用一个动词把主语和形容词等连起来，这种动词就是系动词。系动词就是联系主语和这些名词、形容词的词。系动词后的名词、形容词叫表语。系动词没有被动语态的形式，也不能用于进行时态。分类：1）状态系动词:表示主语状态的be2）表示主语保持一种状态的keep,stay,remain3）感官系动词：feel,smell,sound,taste,look,seem,这类系动词还可以用作实义动词4）变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,goHe is strong.The song sounds very beautiful.The leaves turn brown in autumn系动词的用法：1）系动词不能单独作句子的谓语系动词只是起到一个连接的作用，所以不能单独做谓语，必须在后面接一个表语成份，这样句子意思才清楚、完整。He looks nervous.The music sounds sweet2）系动词后面可直接用形容词，不能用副词系动词可可直接在后面接形容词，包括用作形容词的现在分词、过去分词。这一点是实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词）所没有的。The task proved more difficult than wed thought.3）系动词不能用于被动语态。因为系动词表示的只是事物的状态，没有明显的动作现象，所以绝大多数系动词不用被动语态。例如：我们可以说：The leaves are becoming yellow.（树叶渐渐变黄 了。）The kind of cloth feels soft.【例题精讲】例 1：These oranges look nice,but very sour.（2017青岛）A.feel B.taste C.sound D.look【答案】B【解析】look“看起来”；sound“听起来”；taste“尝起来；feel“感 觉 根 据 句 意“这些句子看起来不错，但是尝起来非常酸”可知答案选B,例 2：How do you like Li Yundi?一A cool guy!His music really beautiful.A.tastes B.sounds C.smells D.looks【答案】B【解析】句意：一你喜欢李云迪吗？一很不错的小伙子！他的音乐听起来真的动听。由第二句话的主语music知，只能是“听起来”，因此选单词sounds,所以选B 答案。例 3:Some of my friends eat with their eyes.They prefer to order wha t nice.A.feels B.smells C.looks D.tastes【答案】C【解析】feel意为感觉起来；sm ell意为闻起来；look意为看起来；taste意为尝起来：根据句意我们的朋友喜欢用眼睛吃东西，所以答案为C例 4:The cloth very soft and comfortable.A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds【答案】C【解析】句意为这种布料摸起来既柔软又舒适。所以选C例 5:She lo o k e d(a n g r y)at me and she l o o k e d(a n g r y).【答案】angrily;angry【解析】第一个空look是作为实义动词，生气的看着，后要用副词修饰动词；而第二个空look是系动词，表示看起来，后要用形容词。例 6:She l o o k s.A.happy B.to be happy C.happily D.that she is happy【答案】A【解析】句意为她看起来很高兴。当 look表示看起来时，要用形容词作表语，所以选A【知识梳理4】助动词的用法这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，必须与其它的动词连用，帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有：be,have,has,had,do,does,did,will 和 shall 等。1.助动词 be(am,is,are,was,were)(1)“助动词be+现在分词”构成进行时The students are having an English class.They asked me what I was doing at that time of yesterday.(2)“助动词be+过去分词”构成被动语态A big library is being built in our school.Something has been done to protect the environment.2.“助动词have(has,had)+过去分词”构成完成时态They have learned more than two thousand English words so far.Great changes have taken place during the past ten years.3.助动词do用于构成否定句、疑问句、倒装句、加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等一Do you live in Nanjing?Yes,I do.They didnt go to the park last Sunday.(3)1 do finish my homework.4.助动词will和 shall用于构成将来时(shall仅用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称)There will be more trees in one hundred years.I shall be forty next year.【例题精讲】例 1:Mom,when can I go out to play football?-Finish your homework,or I _let you go out.A.dont B.didnt C.wont D.havent【答案】c【解析】句意为：完成你的作业，否则的话我就不会让你出去玩。当连词and或 者 o r 连接的并列句前半部分是祈使句，后半部分是陈述句时，用一般将来时。前半部分相当于if 引导的条件状语从句。如：Think it over,and youll find the answer.例 2:Mr Li is out.But he_ here ten minutes ago.A.was B.is C.will be D.would be【答案】A【解析】根据句意，李先生现在在外面。但是他十分前还在这的。Ten minutes ago应用过去时，所以所以用助动词was【知识梳理5情态动词的用法及注意事项1.含义：情态动词用于表示说话者的感情或语气，常用来提出建议、表明能力、进行猜测等。2.基本用法：（1）情态动词后接动词原形（2）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s（3）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式3.常用情态动词：情态动词用法例句备注can/could1）表示能力Can you wrile it down?你能把它写下来吗？could用于过去时态2）表示允许或请求许可You can leave nnw.你现在可以走了。Could I sit here?could表示更委婉，更可气3）用于否定猜测，表示“一定不”That man cant be our Englishteacher.用于否定句中may/might1）表示请求或许可May I borrow youi bike?我能借你的自行车吗？相当于can,might比 may更委婉2）表示推测，意为“可能，或许“It may snow tomorrow.明天可能下雪。3）表示祝愿May you have fun!祝你玩得开心多用于句首must1）表示主观看法，意为“绝对，必须”You must finish the work intwo days.你必须在两天内完成这项工作。m ustnt指 禁止”、“不许”2）表示肯定的猜测，意为“一定是”Bill must be ill because helooks terrible.比尔一定是生病了，因为它看起来不舒服。只用于肯定句中have to表示客观看法，意为“不得不，必须”Ifs raining.I have to stay athome.下雨了,我只得待在家里。有人称、数和时态的变化，否定或疑问要借助动词变化need表示“需要”Need I wait here?我需要在这儿等吗？做情态动词时，只用于否定或疑问句shall用于征求对方意见，意为“可以”Shall I go now?我现在可以走了吗？多用于第一人称（否定形式为shant）should表示劝告、义务，意为“应该”We should do something tohelp pandas.我们应该做些事去帮助大熊猫will/would1）表示意愿或打算I will do my best to help you.我愿尽力帮助你。would为 will的过去时态2）表示请求或建议Would you mind my smokinghere?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？would比 will语气更委婉【例题精讲】例 1：Is it hard for you to finish todays homework yourself?No.I do it.A.need B.may C.can D.must解析：答 案 C。根据句意“对你来说，你自己完成今天的作业困难吗？”“不，我能完成。”所以，因选择表示“能够”的 can。例2：I try on those shoes in the window?一.They are just on show.A.Could;Yes,you can B.Can;Sorry,youcouldntC.Could;Sorry,you cant D.Can;Yes,you could解析：答案C。上句表示征求意见，用委婉语气，所以选用“could”。下句的意思是“抱歉，你不能力表示能够，用 can。例3：Do you have any plans for this weekend?一Im not sure.I go climbing Mount Yuntai.A.must B.need C.may D.can解析：答 案 C。考查情态动词表示推测的用法。A 表示“必须 B 表示“需要*C 和 D 都表示“可能”，但是因为前面“rm not sure”，表示很不确定，所以用may。例4：Where are you going this month?We go to Xiamen,but were not sure.A.neednt B.must C.might D.mustnt解析：答 案 C。考查情态动词表推测。A“不必”表建议；B“一定”表猜测的可能性很大；C”可能，也许”表不是很肯定的猜测。D“不允许”表命令。句意：这个月你们将去哪？一 我 们 或 许 去 厦 门，但还不确定。故选C 符合语境。批注：老师可以告诉学生一般情况下，看到be not su re,就可判断用may或 might。例5：Whose is the pencil box?It be Toms.Look at his name on the cover!A.can B.may C.mustD.need解析：答 案 C。根据最后一句的句意“看他的名字在封面上可知前面表示很肯定的猜测，所以用must。例6：I turn down the radio now?No,you.A.Must;mustnt B.Must;neednt C.Need;cant D.Need;wont解析：答案B。考查情态动词的用法。上句句意“我现在一定要把收音机声音调小吗？，下句句意“不，你没有 必 要 由 此 可 知 第 一 空 填 写“must”，表示“必须”；第 二 空 填 m ust表示“必须”时的否定“needift”或“dont/doesnt have t。例 7：Dad,must we wait until the light becomes green?一Yes,Pm afraid w e.T h a f s the traffic rule.A.can B.may C.have to D.need解析：答 案 C o 考查情态动词的用法。由上文句意“我们必须等到灯变绿吗？”和下文句意“那是交通规则”可知，我们必须要等到灯变为绿色。have to“不得不”，强调客观上的要求。【知识梳理6】动词词形变化一览表：(1)规则动词变化表：原形动词结尾情况现在时单三人称现 在 分 词过去式和过去分词规一般情况+s+ing+ed则s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾+es+ing-Fed变辅音字母+y 结尾yi,+es-f-ingy if+ed化重读闭音节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅音字母,+i g双写辅音字母,不发音的e 结尾+s去掉e,+ig+dM结尾+sie-y,+ing+d不规则变化havehas；beis（无）（见不规则动词变化表）注意：在加ing或 ed时动词如果以“r”结尾，尾音节又重读的动词,“产应双写。s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读回；在浊辅音后和元音后读 z；在 s 、FL 口、tF,dV 后读 iz.ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读国；在浊辅音后和元音后读网；在、同 后读 id.（2）不规则动词变化表：（原 形 一 过 去 式-过去分词）be(am,is)wasbeenloselostlostbe(are)werebeenmakemademadebeatheatbeatenmaymightbecomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmetblowblewblownmistakemistookmistakenbreakbrokebrokenmustmustbringbroughtbroughtpaypaidpaidbuildbuiltbuiltputputputbuyboughtboughtreadreadReadcancouldrideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfeelfeltfeltfindfoundfoundflyflewflownforgetforgotforgot/forgottenfreezefrozefrozengetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhanghung/hangedhung/hangedhave(has)hadhadhearheardheardhidehidhiddenhithithitholdheldheldhurthurthurtkeepkeptkeptknowknewknownlaylaidlaidlearnlearnt/learned learnt/learnedleaveleftleftlendlentlentsetsetsetshallshouldshineshoneshoneshowshowedshownshutshutshutsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunk/sunkensitsetsetsleepsleptsleptsmellsmeltsmeltspeakspokespokenspendspentspentspillspiltspiltspoilspoiltspoiltstandstoodstoodsweepsweptsweptswimswamswumtaketooktakenteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedwearworewornwillwouldwinwonwonletletletwritewrotewrittenlielaylain3、be动词的各种时态变化一 般 现 在 时一 般 将 来 时现 在 完 成 时lam.（/等各人称）will be.I have been.,.You are.I am You have been.He/She/It is.He/She/It J isShe/he/Il has been.We/You/They are.going to be.We/You/They areWe/You/They have been.一 般 过 去 时过 去 将 来 时过 去 完 成 时I was.（/等各人称）would be.I had been.You were.I was You had been.He/She/It was.He/She/It was going to be.She/he/It had been.We/You/They were.We/You/They wereWe/You/They had been.注意：句型变化时，否定句在am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/w ould后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n，t（am 后面not不可以缩写）；4、其它谓语动词（主动语态）的时态变化现在时态一 般 现 在 时现 在 进 行 时一 般 将 来 时现 在 完 成 时谓语动词构成动词用原形（单三加 s/es）（问句和否定句借 用 助 词 do/does）am is +动词-加garewill+动词原形amis,A going勿子动词原形arehave+过去分词has过去一 般 过 去 时过 去 进 行 时过 去 将 来 时过 去 完 成 时【知识梳理8】非谓语动词时态谓语动词构成动词用过去式（问句和否定句借用助词did）was j+动词 一 加 gwerewould+动词原形was were-/-going to/动词原形had+过去分词厂 动 词 不 定 式 构成：（to）+动词原形非 J 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing语 动名词动 用 法（主、宾、表、定）词构 成:V.-ing/V.-ed（规则变化）分词用 法（表、补、定、状）1.非谓语动词含义：非谓语动词：就是不能做谓语的动词形式。主要是动词不定式和动名词。2.非谓语动词作用：主语表语宾语定语状语宾补不定式动名词现在分词Iq过7去分词1、动词不定式1.动词不定式在句中可以作除谓语外的一切成分：主语、宾语、宾补、主语补足语、表语、定语和状语。2.作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末。常用句式：It is(not)+adj.+(for/of sb.)to do sth.oTo swim in the river is dangerous.=Its dangerous to swim in the river.在河里游泳是危险的。3作表语。往往置于连系动词be,seem等之后。My job is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我的妹妹。4.作宾语。常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,begin,start,decide,expect,learn,like,manage,pretend,try,wish,forget,remember,help 等。Dont forget to close the door.别忘了 关门。5.作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被说明和修饰的名词之后。I have something to tell you.我有事要告诉你。I need a house to live in.我需要一栋房子住。6.作状语，表明目的、结果或原因等。My little sister is too young to go to school.我的小妹太小而不能上学。(结果状语)He opened the door for her to come in.他打开门让她进来。(目的状语)7.作宾语补足语。I expect you to write to me.我盼望你给我来信。I asked him to show me his new dictionary.我请求他给我看看他的新词典。批注：常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 want,ask,tell,warn,wish,would like,order,usey invite,get,allow,expect,encourage,hate 等。但在使役动词(make,let,have)和感官动词(see,hear,watch,notice,feel等)后，要把作宾补的不定式结构中的t。省略。不定式可以和疑问词who,what,which,why,when,how,where等连用，构成“疑问词+不定式”结构,通常用于下列动词之后：telb teach)know,wonder,learn show,find out,ask,understand 等。例句：When to go there hasnt been decided y et.什么时候去那儿还没定下来。(作主语)Can you tell me where to exchange the money?你能告诉我哪里能换钱吗？(作宾语)The problem is how to tell her the news.问题是该怎么把这个消息告诉她。(作表语)2 动名词1.含义：动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。2.作主语Eating too much junk food is bad for our health.吃太多垃圾食品对我们的身体健康有害。批注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。3.作表语My mothers job is cooking.我母亲的工作是做饭。4.作宾语I dont mind listening to that story again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。批注：其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish,enjoy,practice,mind,keep*consider,miss,avoid(避免)，suggest,admit,be worth,have fun(in)/have difficulty(in)/problem(in)/trouble(in),wastetime(in),cant help 等。5.作定语，表明它所修饰的词的用途Lets join the singing group.让我们加入合唱队吧。a working method 工作方法6.其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有：love,like,prefer,begin,start,continue,remember,try,stop,forget,hate,go on 等。3,分词1.分词的分类：分词分为现在分词和过去分词。2.区别：(1)现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。The man standing by the window is our teacher.站在窗边的人是我们的老师。The building built last year has become our lab.去年建的楼已成了我们的实验室。（2）现在分词表示事物本身所具有的性质，意为“令人的”；the exciting news令人兴奋的消息过去分词表达由外界引起的内心活动，意为“感到的”。the excited look激动的表情（3）常用的还有：interesting/interested,tiring/tired,boring/bored,surprising/surprised,amazing/amazedo（4）现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves 落 叶（已落下）developing country 发展 中国家 developed country 发达 国家4、用法：（1）作定语：单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的词的前面，短语作定语常放在所修饰的词的后面。The question being discussed is important to us.正在被讨论的问题对我们很重要。The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们冲入了大楼。（2）作状语：分词或分词短语可以作时间、原因、方式、结果、伴随等状语。Being a student,I must study hard.作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。（原因状语）He ran out of the room,crying loudly.他大声哭着从房间里跑出来。（伴随状语）（3）作表语。The movie is interesting.这部电影很有趣。The door is broken,f J破 了。（4）作宾语补足语，一般用在see,hear,notice,feel,have等动词之后与宾语构成复合宾语。I saw a cat running across the street.我看见一只猫跑过街道。I must have the bike repaired.我必须找人修修自行车。例句：L.When they went into the school,they saw some boys playing football.当他们走进校园时，他们看见一些男孩在踢足球。（正在做）2.Do you often see them play basketball?你常看他们打篮球吗？（全过程）3.He spoke loudly to make himself heard clearly.他大声说以便让别人听清他的话。（他的话被听）批注：不定式与分词都可跟在某些动词之后作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作发生的全过程；现在分词作宾语补足语，强调动作正在发生；过去分词作宾语补足语，侧重于表示被动的概念。【课堂检测】一、单选题1.Dont any more time,or we will miss the meeting.A.save B.trust C.wasteD.love2.You must be more careful and the same mistakes youve ever made.A.plan B.follow C.avoid D.enjoy3.For our own safety,its important to the traffic rul