2023年中考英语第二轮语法复习：主谓一致和therebe句型.pdf

学校 班级 姓名专题主谓一致与t h e r e b e 句型【复习目标】1.掌握主谓一致的原则。2.掌握there be句型。【考点讲解】考点一主谓一致主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在语法形式上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致谓语动词与主语在人称和数上要保持一致，即主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。(1)谓语动词用单数的情况：主语例句不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词The flower is so beautiful.这朵花很漂亮。It seems dark.天似乎要黑了 either,neither,each,one 等+o f+复数名词，以及由some,any,no,every 构成的复合不定代词Each of us has a new book.我们每个人都有一本新书。Is there anything wrong with your computer?你的电脑有什么问题吗？不定式、动名词或从句Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes.在阳光下看书对眼睛有害。What you said is wrong.你所说的是错的。the number of+名词复数”的数量”，中心词是numberThe number of students in our class is 50.我们班的学生人数是50o谓语动词用复数的情况:主语例句复数名词或代词The flowers are so beautiful.这些花很漂亮。a number of+名词复数“许多.”A number of trees are planted every year.每年有许多树木被种植。both.and连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式Both Peter and Mike come from England.彼得和迈克都来自英国。其他情况:(3)主语后面跟 with/along with/as well as/rather than/besides/but/except等词时，谓语动词与最前面的主语保持一致。如：Everyone except Tom and Jack has come here.除了汤姆和杰克之外，每个人都来这儿了。(4)“some/most/a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词”或“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词常和其后的名词保持数的一致。如果名词是复数，则谓语动词用复数；如果是不可数名词或名词单数，谓语动词用单数。如：A quarter of the workers are from Guangdong.有四分之一的工人来自广东。(5)由and连接的两个词指不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数形式；若两个词指同一个人或物(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。The writer and doctor has come.这位作家兼医生已经来了。(6)由kind,piece,pair,glass等+of+名词构成短语时，谓语动词形式要根据这些词的单复数来确定。如：A pair of glasses is lying on the table.桌子上有一副太阳镜。【中考练兵】()1.(2012 广东)一Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond ofthe TV program A Bite of China.I am also deeply moved by its stories.A.is B.am C.was D.are()2.(2010 广东)Robert with his two kids to the beach forvacation every year.A.go B.goes C.went D.are going()3.一Which would you like,tea or coffee?Either OK,but I prefer coffee with milk.A.is B.are C.was D.were()4.Running a good way to exercise every day.A.is B.was C.are D.were()5.What the number of the students in your school?一About two thousand.A number of them from thecountryside.A.are;is B.is;is C.is;are D.are;are2.意义一致意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、长度等复数名词作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Three months has passed since you left.你已经离开三个月 了。Ten years is a long time.十年是一段很长的时间。(2)trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但若这些词被apair/two pairs修饰，谓语要和pair的形式保持一致。如：My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。Five pairs of shoes have been sold in the morning.早晨卖出了 五双鞋。(3)“the+形容词”，常表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。如：The young are working hard to get a better life these days.如今年轻人正为了更好的生活而努力工作。(4)“the+姓氏名词复数”，表示“一家或夫妇”，谓语动词用复数。如：The Whites are going to Europe for their holiday next week.怀特夫妇下周要去欧洲度假。(5)有些集合名词如people,police等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news,works(工厂)，或以s 结尾的学科名称，maths,physics,politics等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，谓语动词用单数形式。如：I hope there is good news tonight.我希望今晚有好消息。(6)family/class/team/group/crowd等名词作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调整体中的每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。如：His family isnt large.他的家庭不大。After dinner,his family usually take a walk along the lake.晚饭之后，他的家人通常会沿着湖边散步。【中考练兵】()6.(2014 广东)一Do you need more time to complete the task?一 Yes.Another ten days enough.A.is B.was C.are D.were()7.Look!The police carrying the food onto the bank ofthe river.A.am B.is C.are D.were()8.Forty miles a long way to walk in a day.A.is B.were C.be D.are()9.(2017 中考预测)The young to watch the newmovie Personal Tailor(私人订制)very much.A.like B.likes C.plan D.plans()10.This pair of pants mine.Yours may on thebed.(2014,绥化)A.is；be B.are；be C.are；are3.就近一致就近一致原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。遵循此原则的常见结构有：there be,notonly.but also.,neither.nor.,either.or 等。如：(DNeither you nor he knows how to use the computer.你和他都不矢口道怎么用这台电脑。Not only I but also Tony is fond of watching T V.不仅我，而且托尼也喜欢看电视。【中考练兵】()11.(2013 广东)Not only my friends but also Iinterested in football and Messi is our favorite star.A.be B.am C.is D.are()12.一What would you like to have for supper,Jack?一Either noodles or rice OK.I dont mind.A.are B.were C.is D.was()13.There a number of books in the library and thenumber of them increasing.A.has;is B.have;areC.are;is D.is;are考点二There be句 型(5 年 3 考)1.含义There b e 句型表示“某处有某人或某物“。There无词义，be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语，be动词的形式与邻近的主语保持一致，即就近原则。如：There is some milk and vegetables in the fridge.冰箱里有一些牛奶和蔬菜。2.基本结构(1)肯定句：There be(is/are/was/were)+sb./sth.+地点。如：There are two apples and an orange in the basket.篮子里有两个苹果和一个橘子。(2)否定句：There be+no/not any+sb./sth.+地点。如:There arent any books on the desk.桌上没有书。注意：not和no的区别：not作副词，no作形容词，因此“nota(n)/any+名词”相当于no+名 词 如：There arent any pictures on the wall.=There are no pictures on thewall.墙上没有画。(3)一般疑问句及回答：Be+there+sb./sth.+地点？如：一Is there any milk in the cup?杯子里有牛奶吗？一Yes,there is.是的，有牛奶。There be sb.doing sth.+地点/时间。某地/某时有某人正在做某事。3.There be句型的时态There be句型时态的变化体现在be动词上，而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。具体见下表:一般现在时There is/are.一般过去时There was/were.一般将来时There will be./There is/are going to be.现在完成时There have/has been.含情态动词There can/may/should be.4.辨析There be句型和haveThere be句型表示某处存在某物或某人，不强调此物归某人所有；have表示某人拥有某物或某人，强调所属关系。如：There is abottle of cola on the desk.桌上有一瓶可乐。当have表示包括、存在的含义时，可以与There be句型互换。如：A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一个星期有七天。【中考练兵】14.（2017 河北 83 题）five,in our group,there,students,are15.a,there,here,near,is,bookstore?（）16.（2019 凉山州中考）一Whats in the picture on the wall?-There a teacher and some students playing soccer on theplayground.A.has B.are C.is D.have（）17.（2019 临沂中考改编）一Im getting hungry.Do you knowwhere we can get some good food?一Of course!There a restaurant around the comer.A.will be B.was C.is D.are（）18.（2019 兰州中考）In the near future,thereselfdriving cars in our city.A.is B.was C.are D.will be【综合演练】一、单项选择（）1.（2019新疆维吾尔自治区中考）Not only Jack but also Icrazy about the football match.A.am B.is C.are D.be（）2.（2019 福建中考改编）There a large bowl ofjiaozi on the table.A.is B.are C.be D.were（）3.（2019 成都中考改编）Smart phones made by Huaweigetting more and more popular around the world.A.is B.have C.are D.has（）4.（2019 安徽中考改编）On sunny days，my grandma oftena novel by the window.A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading()5.(2019 天水中考改编)Two fifths of the students in our classgoing to the summer camp in Beijing next week.A.is B.am C.be D.are()6.Both Mike and I ready for the new high schoollife.A.be B.am C.is D.are()7.She with her mother often hills on Sundays.A.climbs B.climb C.climbed D.to climb()8.The TV news reports that there a storm the dayafter tomorrow.A.is B.was C.will be D.has been()9.Doing eye exercises good for your eyes.A.is B.are C.was D.were()10.There some milk and two eggs on the table.(2014,永州)A.is B.are C.has()11.Everyone except Tom and John there when themeeting began.(2013,威海)A.are B.is C.were D.was()12.一Maths my favourite subject,what about you?一P h y s i c s.I think its very interesting.A.is；is B.are；are C.are；is()13.In our school library there a number of books onscience,and in these years the number of them growing larger andlarger.A.are；is B.is；are C.have；are D.has；is()14.No one swimming in such bad weather.A.like B.likes C.liking D.liked()15.一Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight?一Id love to,but of us two has tickets.Do you have some?A.both B.all C.neither D.none()16.There some good advice about how to reduce airpollution on the Internet.A.is B.are C.be D.have()17.(2015 呼和浩特中考)Neither the headmaster nor theteachers take a vacation next week.A.were going to B.is going to C.are going to()18.(2015 南充中考)The number of the volunteers100 now.And a small number of them already gone to theworkplace.A.is；have B.are；have C.is；are()19.(2015 绵阳中考)For kids of this age,two hours of sittingin a classroom too long.A.is B.are C.was()20.(2017 中考预测)There lots of sheep and pigs onmy uncles farm now.A.was B.were C.are二、词汇运用。1.Either Tom or s h e(b e)going to the party next week.One ofthem must stay at home.2.The actor and d ire c to r(b e)coming to give us a speech nextweekend.(2013,兰州)3.When I got there,they e a c h(r e a d)a book.4.Neither of u s(l i k e)the storybook.5.This pair of tro u sers(m ak e)by my aunt last year.6.A football team o fte n(h a v e)eleven players.7.No one but my parents(know)the truth.8.Jims fam ily(en joy)watching TV after supper.9.Look!The c l a s s(d o)morning exercises on the playground.10.Twenty y e a rs(h a v e)passed since he left his hometown.