2023年中考英语第二轮语法复习：复合句.pdf
学校 班级 姓名专题复合句【复习目标】一、宾语从句以及宾语从句的三大考点：引导词；语序；时态二、定语从句的概念和关系代词的基本用法三、状语从句以及状语从句的类型和从属连词的用法。【考点讲解】一、命题点1:宾语从句(必考：每年12 道；单选、连词成句)分析河北近6 年中考真题可知，河北中考对宾语从句在单项选择中侧重考查其引导词、语序和时态，一般都会涉及至少两个考查点，主要表现在以下2 个方面：引导词+语意(2018.35,2016.40,2015.40,2014.45)；引导词(2018.76,2015.39)o针对此类试题，首先根据所给的四个选项判断是否考查宾语从句。若四个选项均为完整的句子或者“疑问词+t。do”形式，则判断其考查宾语从句；再从语境和时态两方面入手。【考向1】宾语从句的三大考点(6年 8 考)(一)引导词宾语从句的引导词有that连接代词、连接副词和if/whether等。具体用法如下：1.that本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。如：He said(that)he would go to the seaside.他说他要去海边。2.连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等)在从句中作一定的成分，如：作主语、宾语、定语等。如：He got off and asked the woman whathappened.他下车询问那位妇女发生了什么。Li Wen is a 15-year-old boy whose parents are working in another city.李文是一个十五岁的男孩，他的父母都在另一个城市工作。3.连接副词(when/where/why/how等)在从句中作状语。如：Excuseme,do you know where I can get some postcards?打扰了，你知道我能从哪里得到一些明信片吗？4.He explained how the system worked.他解释了该系统是如何运转的。5.if/whether意为“是否”，不作句子成分，不可省略，句尾有or not时用 whether。如：Pardon me,do you know if there?s a restaurant aroundhere?打扰了，你知道这附近是否有一个餐馆吗？（二）语序从句一律用陈述句语序，即主语+谓语+宾语+其他。如：I dontbelieve he told a lie.我不相信他说谎了。（三）时态1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态。如：I hearJoe left for Beijing yesterday.我听说乔昨天去北京 了。2.主句是一般过去时，从句使用过去的某种时态。如：Kate said shewas doing her homework at this time yesterday.凯特说她昨天这个时候在做她的作业。3.从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：Our teacher said that the light travelsfaster than the sound.我们老师说光传播的速度比声音传播的速度快。【针对练习】l.She asked me,“Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?”（改为含宾语从句的复合句）She asked me I go to the cinema the next day.2.How lovely the dog is!Can you tell me?A.where did you get it B.where will you get it C.where yougot it3.一 Can you tell me your parents at home?-1 often wash clothes and sweep the floor.A.how will you help B.how you help C.how will you help D.how do you help4.When I was young,my grandfather told me that the s u n(r i s e)in the east.【考向2】疑问词+动词不定式(2015.39)“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what,which和疑问副词how,when,where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：I asked him howto learn English well.我问他怎样学好英语。“疑问词+不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如：Could youplease tell me how to get to the post office?=Could you tell me how I canget to the post office?你能告诉我邮局怎么走吗？二、命题点2：定语从句(近6 年未考查)河北中考近6 年对定语从句未进行考查，但初中阶段仍需了解定语从句的相关知识。所以，解答此类试题时，掌握定语从句关系词的用法是关键。定语从句概念：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人whothatwhowhomthat 省略whose指物whichthatwhichthat 省略whose例 1 The river is in front of my house is very clean.解析：先行词(The river)指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词 which/thato例2 He is the boy I talked with just now.解析：先行词(the boy)指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词 whom/who/that/不填。例3 Whats the name of the girl father is a doctor?解析：先行词（the girl）指人，关系词在从句中作定语，可用关系代词 whose o【针对练习】l.The man spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong.（指人作主语）2.The building is being built will be used as a hospital.（指物作主语）3.1 visited a scientistname is known all over the world.（指人作定语）三、命题点3：状语从句（必考：每 年1道；单选、完形）分析河北近6年中考真题可知，河北近6年中考对状语从句的考查都会与从属连词相结合，主要在状语从句中考查从属连词的辨析及应用，如：2019年完形填空36题考查when引导的时间状语从句；2017年单项选择34题 考 查unless引导的条件状语从句；2016年完形填空4 9题 考 查while引导的时间状语从句。对于状语从句这一考点考生可以和从属连词相结合进行复习。（-）初中阶段常见从属连词引导的从句类型时间状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句让步状语从句从属连词when,while,before,after,until,since,as soon asif,unless,as long asso that,in order thatthough/although,even if,whatever,wherever,whenever原因状语从句结果状语从句because,since,as,forso.that,such.that（二）状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。1.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where引导。Put all the things they were.A.where B.when C.whose D.which 答案：A3.时间状语从句（主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时）时间状语从句的引导词有 when,before,after,until,as soon as,since,while,as 等She was cooking when someone knock at the door.What will you do after you finished your homework?3.条件状语从句在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有if,unless等。If it doesnt rain,I II go fishing.They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.4.原因状语从句原因状语从句常用的引导词有because,as,since（既然）等He didnt come because he was ill.Since we are students,we should study hard.Because和 s o 不能在一个句子中同时使用。5.结果状语从句结果状语从句主要由so.that.,suchthat引导。Ifs so hot that we want to go swimming.Thafs such an interesting story that everybody likes it.*Sothat与简单句之间的句型转换1）that后的句子是否定句，常用tooto进行转换。He is so young that he cant go to school,he is too young to go toschool.2）that后的句子是肯定句。常用enough to 进行转换。The shirt was so cheap that he bought it.the shirt was cheap enoughfor him to buy.6.i 的状语从句目的状语从句常用的引导词有so that,in order that等 in order to简单句Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.He works harder in order that he can go to a good college.7.让步状语从句引导词有 though,although,even if,even though（尽管）等。He often helps others though although he is not rich.They will stand by you even if you dont succeed.Though,although与 b u t不能同时出现在一个句子中8.比较状语从句比较状语从句由than,as.as.,not asso.as等引导。（比较级）He is more outgoing than I.He ran as fast as Mike.（三）主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句的时态一致问题一般有三种情况：1.“主将从现”：主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。如：When I get to senior high school,I will join the school swim team.当我上高中后，我就会参加校游泳队。2.“主祈从现”：若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词时，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：Be careful when you cross the road.当你过马路时要小心。You can get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习，你就能取得好成绩。3.since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：How have you changed since you started junior highschool?自从你开始上初中后，你是怎样变化的呢？【针对练习】1.Ifs quite common in Britain to say“thank you“to the driverspeople get off the bus.a.after b.since c.until d.when2.The art club is for members only.You cant go in you are amember.a.unless b.because c.if d.though3.Now many parents send their children to foreign countries,they want them to get a better education.a.until b.though c.because4.What would some students like to do after finishing theireducation?They would like to start to work they neednt depend ontheir parents completely.a.as soon as b.so that c.before d.while综合练习一、用括号内所给的动词的适当形式填空。1.Mrs.Wang said that s h e(b u y)a new car the next day.2.Our English teacher told us that Christmas(be)onDecember 25.3.Til tell you as soon as K a te(c o m e)here.4.Could you tell me when your f a t h e r(g o)to New York?When h e(g o)there,well see him off.5.1 like this movie t h a t(m a k e)us laugh again and again.二、单项选择1.Could you please keep the windows?Its so hot in the room.a.open b.opens c.opened d.opening2.Work h a r d,y o u l l fall behind your classmates.a.and b.but c.or d.so3.Ben asked me I had read the news in todays newspaper.a.that b.if c.what d.when4.Can you tell me?Of course.He comes from Japan.a.where does he come from b.where is he fromc.where he comes from d.where he wants to go5.Cathy likes c o m e d ie s,th e y re very funny.a.if b.so c.because d.until6.His brother has been to Stone Forest t wi c e he came toYunnan.a.after b.before c.since d.for7.They piled the snow in one place the children could make asnowman.a.so that b.when c.because d.until8.I wont go to the party tomorrow.you told me you would.Whafs happening?a.But b.So c.And d.Or9.Mr.Brown knows little Japanese,he cant understand theinstructions on the bottle of the pills.a.so b.or c.but d.for10.You will be late you hurry up.a.after b.when c.unless d.if11.Some people like to play m ahjong,others dont.a.when b.while c.as d.since12.h e is y o u n g,h e knows several languages.a.Though,but b.Because,so c.Though,d.Because,13.This is the most interesting book Ive read before.a.that b.which c.who d.a&b【中考练兵】1.（2018 7 可北 35 题）Hi,Ken.Did Mrs.Zhang tell us?Yes.She said we should meet there at nine.A.which was the way to the stationB.why we should meet at the stationC.when we should get to the stationD.who we should meet at the station2.（2016 河北 40 题）Im planning a trip to the beach tomorrow,but still cant d e c i d e.A.where Im going B.how Im goingC.why Im planning D.when Im planning3.（2015 7 可北 40 题）一Could you tell me?一Talking about festivals.A.how they are playingB.what they are doingC.where they are goingD.why they are practicing4.（2014 河北 45 题）I have some tickets for the basketballmatch.I wonderA.where you buy the ticketsB.why you like to go thereC.if youd like to come along老师和学生英语学习的好帮手教材听力与海量英语资料平台100万初中教师的精神家园教学交流与精品备课资料平台初中教师成长的聚集地学生学习资料与家长交流平台
