八年级英语下册教案与习题：Unit10-I’ve-had-this-bike-for-three-years.pdf

Unit 10 Fve had this bike for three years.Section Al(la-2d)教学目标：知识目标：掌握本课单词和短语yard sale,sweet,soft toy,bear maker,scarf,board game,check out能力目标：能听懂谈论人们拥有某物多长时间的话题，能熟练运用since,fo r谈论自己的个人物品。情感目标：正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。Stepl PresentationNew words：yard sale,toy bear,bread maker,scarf,soft toys,board gamesStep 2 Pair workWork on la.Show the things at the yard sale.Let the students talk about them in pairs by using theimportant sentences.How long have you had that bike over there?-Fve had it for ihree years!I learned how to ride a bike on it.Step 3 Listening1 b Listen and check(d)the facts you hear.Keys:Jeffs family is having a yard sale.Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things.You can also give old things away to people in need.Step 4 Work on 1cPractice the conversation.Then make conversations about other things in the picture above.Language points：notanymore再也(不)；(不)再。相当于notany longere.g.You can have it,fbr I dont need it anymore.The doctor told me not to play computer games anymore.Step 5 Listening 2a,2bWork on 2a.Listen and check(V)the things Amys family are giving away and circle the things theyare keeping.Keys:giving away:magazine,toy lion,toy tiger,bread maker,dressKeeping:book,toy bear,hat,scarfWork on 2b.Listen again and fill in the blanks.Keys:book,bear,baby,10,sweater,dressMore practice.Listen again and choose the correct answers.1.Amy wants to give away t he.A.book B.magazine C.bear D.hat2.Why does the bear has special meaning to Amy?A.Because her father bought it for her.B.Because her Grandpa bought for her.C.Because her Grandma bought for her.3.Where can Amy take these things?A.the childrens homeB.the old peoples homeC.the teachers?homeKeys:BCAStep 6 Pair workWork on 2c.Student A is Amys mom,Student B is Amy.Make new conversations according to 2c.Step 7 2d Role play the conversationLet the students read 2d,then role play the conversations in pairs.Step 8 Language points1.-How long have you had that bike there?I have had it for three years辨析：how long,how soon,how often,how farHow long多久，多长(时间)。对时间段提问，如：for+时间段；since+过去的时间点。e.g.How long have you worked in Beijing?-For five years.How soon多久以后。对“in+时间段提问，常用于一般将来时“，其答语常用“in+时间段e.g.-How soon will Mr.Li be back?-In a week.How often多久一次，对频率提问，其答语为：once(twice/.)+时间段，always,usually等。e.g.How often do you exercise?-Once a day.How f a r 多远，对距离提问，其答语是表距离的内容。e.g.How far is it from here to your school?Three kilometers.辨析：fo r与 sincefor其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态，表示动作或状态持续时间段长短。e.g.I have lived in this city for five years.我在这座城市居住了 5 年了。He usually sleeps for twelve hours every day.他通常每天睡 12 个小时。since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句(过去时)，也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型：“Itis+时间段+since+一般过去时的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续到说话时的动作或状态。e.g.It is two years since I came to C hina.自从我到中国以来已经两年了。She has worked here for five years.=She has worked here since five years ago.她在这儿工作5 年了。2.Jeffs family is having a yard sale.sale用作名词，意为“出售，销售“，on sale意为“出售，上市”；for sale意为“待售,供出售”,尤指从主人手里出售。e.g.Chickens are on sale in the market.小鸡在市场上出售。Im sorry,its not for sale.抱歉，它不出售。3.Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things.艾米认为卖掉她的旧东西很难。Ifs+adj.(+for sb.)to do sth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事时.的”,i t 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式。e.g.Its important for un to learn English well.学好英语对于我们来说是很重要的。4.Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.艾米想保留她的旧东西，因为它们勾起她的甜蜜回忆。memory n.,意为“记忆；回忆”，复数形式为memories,动词为memorize,意为“记忆，背诵”。e.g.She has a good memory.她记忆力好。5.Fve had this magazine for a couple of months.这本杂志我买了 几个月 了。a couple o f 表示具体的数量“两个”，指两个相同的人或物体；表示数量不定的“少数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文和具体的语境而决定，例如：You have to wait for a couple of hours for the clothes to dry completely.你得等上一两个小时让这些衣服完全晾干。6.The stories inside may be a bit old,but they9re still interesting.a b it意为“一点儿，稍微”，修饰形容词或副词，相 当 于 a little；abilof+不可数名词，a little直接加不可数名词。e.g.There is a bit of/a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有点儿水。not a bit=not at all 意为 一点也不not a little=very 意为 非常”e,g.She is not a bit happy.她一点儿也不快乐。He is not a little tired.=He is very tired.他非常累。7.And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.check用作及物动词，意为“检查，审查”，短语check o u t,意为“察看，观察”。e.g.If you finish it,check it by yourself first.如果你完成了，就自己先检查一下。Check out all the books for children.察看一下所有的儿童书籍。check还可用作名词，意为“支票。账单”Step 8 中考链接1.-have you been married?-For twenty years.A.How far B.How often C.How long D.How soon2.If you sit in a chair a long time,your back may begin to hurt.A.at B.in C.on D.fbr3.-I often have hamburgers for lunch.一Youd better not.Its bad for you_too much junk food.A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.ateKeys:CDBStep 9 HomeworkWrite a conversation according to 2cSection A 2(3a-3c)教学目标：知识目标：掌握本课单词和短语clear clear out bedroom no longer own railway certain honest truthful to be honestpart part with while能力目标：能从阅读中获得个人物品的相关信息。情感目标：正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。教学过程：Step 1 New words1.bedroom n.卧室2.railway n.铁路;铁道3.junior a.地位(或职位、级别)低下的junior high school 初级中学e.g.We could give the job to somebody junior.我们可以把这份工作交给职位较低的人。4.own也 拥有；有e.g.Most households now own at least one car.大多数家庭现在至少有一辆汽车。5.truthful a d j.诚实的；老实的e.g.He was not always truthful.他并非总是说真话。Step 2 Fast reading3a Read the article written by a father for a newspaper.What is his family going to sell at the yardsale?Keys Son:a train and railway set;the toy monkeyDaughter:certain toysFather:football shirtsStep 3 Careful readingRead the passage and choose true(T)or false(F)1.My daughter is 15 and my boy has already started junior high school.2.Our house really get smaller.3.My son was quite sad at first.4.My daughter felt happy to part with certain toys.5.1 want to give up my football shirts.Keys:FFTFT3b Read the article again and answer the questions.1.Why did they decide to have a yard sale?Because the fathers children get bigger and their house seems to get smaller.2.What do they want to do with the money from the sale?They want to give the money to a childrens home.3.Why does the son want to keep his train and railway set?Because he has owned it since his fourth birthday,and he played with it almost every week until hewas about seven.4.How can the old toys be useful again?They can be sold to the people who need them.5.Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?What would you do with the money you raise?Yes,I have.I would give it to the charityStep 4 Language points1.We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.clear v.清理;清除clear o u t清理；丢掉e.g.Til clear out that closet for you.我要替你把那个小衣橱清理出来。2.We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.no longer意为 不再;不复”，有时可用not.any longer或 not.anymore替换。如:He no longer lives here.(=He doesnt live here anymore/any longer.)他不再住这儿了。3.My daughter was more understanding,although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.1)certain a d j.意为“某种；某事；某人”。e.g.He decided to sell his certain books.他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。拓展 certain形容词，意为“确实的，无疑的”。常用结构：be certain to do s t h.肯定要做某事be certain of/about sth.对某事确定、有把握be certain of doing sth.有把握做某事be certain+从句 一定.e.g.He felt quite certain of success.他对成功很有把握。2)part w ith放弃、交出，part v.离开，分开e.g.Dont part with your dream.不要放弃你的梦想。4.As for me,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but,to be honest,I have not played for awhile now.1)as fo r至于，关于e.g.And as for us,we are fortunate.可对我们来说，我们是幸运的。2)to be honest意为“说实在的，说实话”，经常单独使用，作插入语，用逗号与句子隔开。类似的表达还有to tell the truth 老实说，说实话e.g.To be honest,she is not an honest girl.说实话，她不是一个诚实的女孩。honest为形容词，意为“诚实的；老 实 的 反 义 词 为 dishonest“不诚实的”。e.g.An honest man does not tell lies.诚实的人不会说谎。3)while n.一段时间,一会儿w hile还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候，while引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。e.g.They chattered away happily for a while.他们高兴地闲扯了一会儿。He kept in touch with us while he was on vacation.他在度假期间仍与我们保持联系。Step 5 phrase practiceFind the words or phrases in the article which can be replaced with the ones below and write themnext to the words.lose-part with kids truthful many some t i me-even though quickly olderkeys:children to be honest a lot of a while although fast biggerStep 6 当堂达标1.My best friend Tom is an honest boy.You can believe him.A.a B.an C.the D./2.-Is Mr.Smith still in Shanghai?Yes,he there for two months.A.has been B.has gone C.has been to D.has gone toStep 7 homeworkRecite the article.You can use the sentences according to the keys of 3b.Section A 3(Grammar focus-4c)教学目标：知识目标掌握现在完成时的用法能力目标正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时正确运用fo r和 since的用法情感目标正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。教学过程Step 1 Group work出示下面的典型例句，让学生们先自己观察句子结构，对比现在完成时和一般过去时的不同。1.一 How long have you had that bike over there?那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？Ive had it for three years.我买 了三年 了。2.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?他的儿子拥有这套轨道火车多长时间了？Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.自他四岁生日起，他就拥有了它。3.Have you ever played football?你曾经踢过足球吗？Yes,I did when I was little,but I haven7t played fbr a while now.是的，当我很小时就踢过，但是现在我有好长一段时间没有踢了。Step 2 精讲点拨现在完成时表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“fo r+时间段”、“since+过去时间点”、“since+过去时的从句”、“since+一段 时 间+ago”。且 for与 since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。e.g.My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.=My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago.Ive lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里。I havent seen him for three years.我三年没有看见他了。Shes been at this school since five years ago.自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。歌诀：含有for,since的现在完成时的用法歌诀：过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，for、since把时间带句中动词的特点此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)1.这本书我买了5 年了。I have bought the book for five years.()Ive had the book for five years.()2.你哥哥参军多长时间了？How long has your brother joined the army?()How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?()非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换1.转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。borrow keep buy have put on wearcatch a cold have a cold get to know knowget to sleep-sleep2.转化为“be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”begin/start be on go out be outclose be closedopen be open get to/arrive/reach be(in)die 一 be dead leave-be away finish-be overfall sleep be asleep join be in/be a member ofbecome bemake friends be friendscome/go-be+相应的介词短语Step 3 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since1.Jim is in Japan.He arrived there three years ago.Jim has been in Japan for three years.2.They are very hungry.Their last meal was ten hours ago.They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.3.I have a camera.I bought it in 2009.I have had a camera since 2009.4.I know Ann.I first met her three years ago.I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.5.Linda is ill.She became ill on Monday.Linda has been ill since Monday.Step 4 4b Fill in the blanks with correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1.I(never be)to the water park before.I want t o(g o)next month before theweather gets too cold.2.The y(ne ve r own)any pets,but t h e y(a l wa y s want)to have a dog.3.We(h a v e)a piano since last November.We(b u y)it from the Li family whenthey moved to the US last year.4.Cathy and Amy(not be)back to their hometown fbr two years.T h e y(m i s s)their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.5.This mu s e u m(b e)here fbr over 20 years.I t(be)one of the oldest buildingsin this small town.Step 5 Group work4c Fill in the questions and ask two students.Then complete the chart.1.Do you have a(n)?How long have you had it?2.Do you own a(n)?How long have you owned it?ThingsHow longTonyfavorite bookbasketballfbr two yearssince he was 1 Oy ears oldStudent 1Student 2Section B 1 la 2d教学目标：知识目标:掌握本课单词和短语search among crayon shame regard.,as count century according to oppositememory consider hold能力目标：能从阅读中获得自己周围的事物变化的相关信息。情感目标：珍惜自己周围事物的变化，感恩社会，汇报社会，关爱他人。教学过程：Step 1 Warming upTalk about your hometown.Where is your hometown?Do you like your hometown?What are some of the special places in your hometown?Step 2 Group workla Check(d)the places or things you can find in your town or city.a museum a primary schoola bridge a zooa park a hill_a library _ a riverStep 3 Listeninglb Listen and answer the questions1.Does Martin like Jennys hometown?Yes,he does.2.Does Jenny still live in her hometown?No,she doesnt.3.What is behind the science museum?What do people do there on weekends?A big park.People go there to let theirkids run around and climb the hillsespecially1c Listen again and fill in the chart about the places in Jennys hometown.PlaceNew or oldHow long has it been there?Town libraryOldfor hundredsof yearsScience museumNewsince lastAugustRestaurant down the streetoldfor as long asJenny canrememberStep 4 group work1 d Talk about your town/city with a partner according to the conversation.A:My city is lovely.B:What are some of the special places there?A:Well,there?s a concert hall there.It9s been around for at least 20 years.Step 5 Warming upHow often do you visit your hometown?What are the changes in your hometown?Step 6 2a careful readingAnswer the questions before you read.Then read the passage to find out your answers are the sameas in the passage.1.Why do millions of Chinese leave the countryside every year?To search for work in cities2.How often do you think these people visit their hometowns?I think they visit their home towns once or twice a year3.What new buildings does the government usually build in towns and villages?Large hospitals and new schools2b Find expressions in the passage that have the same meanings as these words and phrases.1.look for search for 5.go back retum2.consider regard 6.changes developments3.across from opposile 7.area place4.in ones opinion according toStep 7 Exercise2c Complete the summary with words from the passage.You may need to change the forms of thewords.Many Chinese people these days leave their to work in.They usually totheir hometown one or two times a.Zhong Wei hasnt been back in close to three years.Hehas been working in a factory in Wenzhou for the past 13 yearsPeople like him are in how their hometowns are changing.New buildings are often builtby the.Zhong Wei thinks these changes are because things need to change inorder to become better.But he also thinks some things change,and his hometown is stillthe place that holds all his c h i l d h o o d.Keys:hometown cities return year crayoninterested government good will never memoriesStep 8 Group work2d Think of changes that happening in your town or city today.Which changes are generally good?Which changes could be seen as bad?Step 9 Language points1.Nowadays,millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.Search用作不及物动词时,意为 搜索；搜查”。短语search fo r意为“搜寻，找寻，e.g.He is searching for his sunglasses.他正在找他的太阳镜。【拓展】作及物动词，意为“在 搜查 或 搜查e.g.They searched the forest for the lost child.他们在森林里寻找那个走失的小孩。2.Among these is Zhang Wei,a 46-year-old husband and fatheramong在三者或三者以上之间。e.g.Tom sits among the students.汤姆坐在学生之间。between在两者之间e.g.Tom sits between Mary and F ra n k.汤姆坐在玛丽和弗兰克之间。a 46-year-old husband and father 意为“一位 46 岁的丈夫和父亲”,相当于 a husband and father of46years old.four-year-old是一个复合形容词，特点“一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式。e.g.Tom is a 1 O-year-old boy.=Tom is a boy of 10 years o ld.汤姆是一个 10 岁的男孩。Lily is an 8-year-old g irl.莉莉是一个 8 岁的女孩【拓展】另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是：数词+连字符+名词，或数词+名词的所有格。e.g.a two-month holiday=a two months,holiday 一个为期两个月的假期。Ten-minute walk/drive/ride=ten minutes walk/drive/ride 步行/开车/骑车 10 分钟的路程3.Its a shame,but I just dont have the tim