2010高考英语阅读理解解题技巧和方法.ppt

阅读理解阅读理解高三解题指导高三解题指导高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求要求考生考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图、理解作者的意图和态度；和态度；7 7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类因此有关阅读理解题目主要因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下四种：有以下四种：推推 理理 判判 断断 型型试试卷卷(江苏江苏)推理推理判断判断主旨主旨归纳归纳细节细节理解理解词义词义猜测猜测20084281200972512010年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系文脉逻辑关系句与句、句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。段与段之间的逻辑关系。阅读理解专题-推理判断题1.Questionforms:It can be inferred from the text that .From the text we know that is most likely .When the writer talks about,what the writer really means is .The writer suggests that .The story implies that .We can infer conclude from the passage that .这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。2.技巧点拨技巧点拨1).全面分析全面分析2).忠实原文忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall?Did it sound like a clock?If so,it may have been made by a beetle.Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die.Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle.（1分钟）分钟）The sound of this beetle _.A.pleased people.B.surprised people.C.frightened people.D.excited people.Practice:2.It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach.Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it.If you dont turn it back over,all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will die.（1.5分钟）分钟）You can tell that rocks _.A.hurt sea animals B.protect sea animalsC.wont be found on beaches D.cant be found on beaches1.Questionforms:The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.2.技巧点拨技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。1.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy,not cryingholding back tears of anger,pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的)health.Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure,heart problems and some other illnesses.If you have a health problem,doctors will certainly not ask you to cry.But when you feel like crying,dont fight it.Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应).（2分钟）According to the author,which of the following statements is true?A.Crying is the best way to get help from others.B.Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C.We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D.We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.2.Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder,bribery(行贿)，and death.Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.inform说明文中作者的态度:objective neutral在议论文中，有：(1)positive (2)negative(3)neutral (4)approval(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)ironic (8)critical(9)optimistic (10)pessimistic客观的消极的漠不关心的赞成的不赞成的乐观的悲观的Taking notes:中立的积极的讽刺的批评的中立的1.Questionforms:(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的考查整篇文章的写作目的A.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B.What is the purpose of writing this article?C.In writing the passage,the author intends to _.(2)考查某处细节的写作意图考查某处细节的写作意图A.The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C.are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.2.常见的写作目的归纳常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于常见于故事类故事类的文章。的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常见于常见于广告类广告类的文章。的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多见于多见于科普类科普类新闻报道类新闻报道类文化类或文化类或社会类社会类的文章的文章.1.“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.（1.5分钟）The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A.test the readers knowledge about waves B.draw the readers attention to the topicC.show Jamie Taylors importance D.invite the readers to answer them2.AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththemansbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparentshome,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomanshome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusbandshome.（3分钟）分钟）Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife1.Questionforms:The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.2.解题技巧解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容内容或结构结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称(2)广告广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认(3)产品说明：产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等 1.（全国卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine?Do you know what is meant by“Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain,take two tablets(药片)with water,followed by one tablet every eight hours,as required.For night-time and early morning relief(缓解疼痛)take two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old,give half the amount(量).For children under six years old,ask your doctors advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _.（2分钟）A.textbook B.newsreel(新闻片)C.doctors notebook D.bottle of medicine2.Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受伤）（受伤）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全带）（安全带）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriversresponsibility（责任）（责任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（发送）（发送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.（3分钟）分钟）Thistextistakenfrom_.A.amedicalmagazineB.apolicereportC.anadvertisement（广告）（广告）D.agovernmentinformationbooklet（小册子）（小册子）More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.you could be fined up to$50Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined a police report2.解题技巧解题技巧推测下文下文的内容：根据作者的思路作者的思路进行推理推测上文上文的内容：关注第一段关注第一段，特别是文段 开始的几句话。1)推断上下文内容推断上下文内容1.Questionforms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.When early humans hunted and gathered food,they were not in control of their environment.They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did.When humans learned to make fire,however,they became capable of altering their environment.To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees,causing the trees to die.Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon.This development led to farming and the domestication of animals.Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible.Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.（3分钟）The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.A.fire B.hunting C.farming D.urbanization（城市化）2.解题技巧：解题技巧：按段落的组织方法段落的组织方法理解文章结构按写作方法（论证方法）写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构2)推断篇章组织结构推断篇章组织结构1.Questionforms:Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?How is the passage organized?(见学案见学案)1.1.推断隐含意义推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。必须吃透相关文段的意思。2.2.推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。3.3.推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。及文章的中心思想。4.4.推断文脉逻辑，必须特别关注作者的思路和推断文脉逻辑，必须特别关注作者的思路和段落组织方法，推断下文要注意最后一段的段落组织方法，推断下文要注意最后一段的内容内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。尤其是最后的两三句话。总结总结