广东省广州市2022届高三上学期8月四校联考英语试题附解析.docx

2022届高三上学期8月四校联考英语试题本试卷10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1 .本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹 的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、班级、考场、座位号填写在答题卡相应位置。用2B铅笔在“准 考证号”处填涂信息点。因笔试不考听力，第I卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从 “21”开始。2 .作答第I卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂 黑：如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答窠。答窠不能答在试卷上。3 .第H卷必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应 位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案：不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按 以上要求作答无效。4 .考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A4 Popular Places to Go This WinterHarbin, ChinaChina Harbin's winter is fbr the brave onesthe average lempei*ature is 1.8°F- but those who brave the cold will be rewarded with experiencing one of the world's largest winter festivals. 2021 marks the 37th Harbin Inteniational Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival （January-Maich）, when massive frozen structures rise and are lit up, transforming the city into a winter wonderland.Lyon, FranceParis may be called The City of Lighi.but every December, light takes center stage in Lyon, France's third-largest city. Thal's when ihe annual Festival of Lights （around December 8） takes over, wilh light installations （装置）ihai transfbnn the city's streelscapes into modem works of art. The city is also home to tv.voChrisimas markeis （one in La Croix-Rousse; ihe other at （he Place Carnol; through December 25）.Lima, PeruPeru's capital Lima is home to the world's highest number of cooking schools per person. Aside from its delicate dining, the city also has great cocktail bars where you can taste classic or contemporary lakes on the Pisco Sour.Combine that with the ocean front setting and lemperatures in the 80s, and you'll understand why Lima should no longer be ignored this winter.Vermont, USWinter in Vermont means skiing and snowhoarding. Many resorts （度假胜地）have greatly upgraded their snowmaking abilities as part of a $15 million statewide program that replaced many outdated snow guns wilh new.low-energy models.These new machines will also improve the quality of snow surfaces and lengthen the season, meaning （his will be one of the best winters tor skiing and riding in Vermont in recent memory.1. What similarities do the first two places have?A. They are decorated with lights.B. They offer snow sculptures.D. They are extremely cold.C. They have three-day festivals.2. Which provides a good chance to buy a Christmas gift?C. Lima.B. A longer winter.D. Updated equipment.D. Vermont.A. Harbin.B. Lyon.3. Whats new to the resorts in Vermont?A. Skiing and snowboarding.C. Cooking schools.【答案】LA 2. B 3,D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了这个冬大可以去游玩的四个地方，以及每个地方的特色。I题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“2021 marks the 37th Harbin Harhin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival （January - March）, when massive frozen structures rise and are lit up. transforming the city into a winter wonderland. （2021年是第37届哈尔滨国际冰雪雕塑节（1-3月），巨大的冰冻建筑拔地而起，点亮灯光，将哈尔滨变成 冬季的仙境）”和第二段的"Thal's when the annual Festival of Lights （around December 8） takes over, with light installations （装置）thal transform the city's streetscapes into modem works of art.（届时，一年一度的灯节（12 月 8 日左右）将举行，灯光装置将城市的街景变成现代艺术作品）”可知，哈尔滨和里昂的特点是都会用灯来对其 进行装饰。A. They are decorated with lights.（它们都用灯装饰）符合以上说法，故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的"The city is also home to two Christinas markets （one in La Croix-Rousse; the other at the Place Carnot: through December 25）.（这座城市还在两个至诞集市（一个在拉克罗瓦罗西，另一个在Place Carton,一直到12月25日）“可知，在里昂购买圣诞礼物是非常棒的，因为它有圣诞集市.B. Lyon.（里 昂）符合以上说法，故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Wimer in Vermont means skiing and snowboarding. Many resorts （度假胜地） have greatly upgraded their snowmaking abilities as part of a $ 15 million statewide program that replaced many outdated snow guns with ncw,low-encrgy niodels.（Vermont 的冬天意味着滑雪和单板滑雪.作为一项耗资 150（） 万美元的全州计划的一部分，许多度假村大大提高了它们的造雪能力，该计划用新的、低能耗的型号取代 了许多过时的雪枪）”可知，Vermont更新了滑雪设备.D. Updated equipment/更新的设备）符合以上说法， 故选D项。BI've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer since 1 graduated from high school, bul making the transition （转变）between school and full-time blue-collar work during （he break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized, getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is lorture.My friends never seem （o understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or ihat my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.There're few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People my age always seem lo overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in ihe plant,which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear ovemightlssues like downsizing （裁 员）and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to inc until my co-workers told me that （he unit 1 was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only （oo clear. When I'm back al the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-wriles seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcemenls about the value of an education that used to sound stale now ring H ue.These lessons I'm learning, however valuable, are always tinged （带有）with sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places where I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months a（ a time. "This job pays well, but it's hell on the body/' said one co-worker. "Study hard and keep reading/' she added.My experiences in the faclories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter ihe realworld for good4. How did the author look back on his summer days while at college?A. They brought him nothing hut torture.B. They were no holiday for him at all.C. They were a relief from his hard work at school.I). They offered him a chance to know more people.5. What docs the author say about college students?A. They expect too much from the real world.B. They have little interest in blue-collar life.C. They think too highly of themselves.D. They arc confident of their future.6. What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers?A.They do not have job security.B.They do not get decent pay.C.They have to work 12-hour shifts.I).They have to move from place toplace.7. In what important way has the author s work experience changed him'?A.He learned to be more practical.B.He acquired a sense of urgency.C.He came to respect blue-collar workers.D.He came to appreciate his collegeeducation.【答案】4. B5. C 6. A 7. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者曾在暑假期间去工厂做蓝领工人的经历，并旦从这份经历 中感悟的道理。【4题详解】 细节理解即。根据第一段中“My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.(我的朋友们似乎从来都不明臼，为什么我回到学校后会如释证负，也不明白我的暑假完全不是一个假期）”可知，对于作者来说，他的暑假根本不像是真正的暑假。故选哉【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thcrc'rc few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People my age always see in to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge.(很少有人像尚未踏足社会的大学生一样自信。我这个年龄的人似乎总是高估了他们的时间和知识的价值）”可知，作者认为 现在的大学生往往高估了自己的价值.故选C.6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappearovemighl.（蓝领生活中压力坡大的事情就是知道你的工作可能会在一夜之间消失）”可知，蓝领工作最让人沮 丧的就是可能会一夜之间失去工作，缺乏安全性和稳定性。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.（我在工厂的经历激励我在进入真实世界之前充分利用我的大学时 光）”可知，工厂工作的经历让作者更加珍惜在校学习、接受教育的机会。故选D。CPresident Coolidge's statement, 2The business of America is bu“ines*J still points to an imp）rtan（ truth today-（hat business institutions have more prestige （威望）in American society than any other kind of organizalionjncluding the government.Why do business insiituiions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on ihe ideal of competition than other institutions in sociely.Since competition is seen as the. major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business insiituiions are respected.Compeiition is not only good in itself. i（ is ihe means （by） which other basic American value such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity and hard work are protected.Competition protects （he freedom of the individual ensuring that there is no monopoly （垄断）of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits Theoretically, if one business tries to. take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose tocompeling business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete Ibr the customers' dollars, （hey cannot a fiord to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast often made between business,which is competilive.and govemment, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive,many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though govemmeni leaders are elected by （he people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe,then.（hat competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy （民主）in preserving freedom.Competilion in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal ofequality of opportunity. Competilion is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the arislocraiic（赍族 的）ideal of inherited privilege.8. The slatemenl kkThe business of America is business1' probably means.A. America is a great power in world businessB. Business is of primary concern to AmericansC. The business institutions in America arc concerned with commerceI). Business problems arc of great importance to the American government9. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values onlyA. by protecting their individual freedomC. by way of competition10. Who can benefit from business competition?A. People with ideals of equality and freedom.C. Honest businessB. when given equality of opportunityI), through doing businessB. Both business institutions and government.I). Both businessmen and their customers.11. It can be inferred from countries that the author believes.A. in many countries success often depends on one's social statusB. businesses in other countries arc not as competitive as those in AmericaC. American businesses arc more democratic than those in other countries1) . Americans arc more ambitious ihan people in other countries【答案】8, B 9, C 10. D 11. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何形式的组织，有更多的威望。文 章介绍了为什么商业机构拥有加此高的声望。【8题详解】句意猜测题。根据第一段中“that business institutions have more prestige (威望)in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.”可知，在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类 型的组织，有更多的威望，说明美国人很关注商业，故选【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means (by) which other basic American value such as individual frccdomqquality of opportunity and hard work arc protected.“可知 > 竞争本身 不仅是好事.它是美国其他基本价值观如个人自由、机会平等和努力工作得到保护的手段，由此可知，美 国人可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值，故选C.10题详解】直接现解题。第三段中“Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means (by) which other basic American value such as individual frecdoni.cquality of opportunity and hard work arc protected.”可知.商业竞争不仅对自身有好处，它还提供给顾客更多的机会等，由此可知，商人和顾客都会受到好处，故选D。【II题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中'' Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather (han the arisiocratic(贵族的)ideal of inherited privilege "(竞争被视为一种公开和公平的竞争， 在这种竞争中，成功属于反应最快的人，而不管他或她的社会阶层背景如何)可知，作者认为在许多国家， 成功往往取决于一个人的社会地位，故选A。【点睛】DPeople have wondered lor a long time how (heir personalities and behaviors are formed, h's not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is compelitive.Social scientists are. of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characterisiics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of ihoughi on the matter have developed. As one might expect the two approaches are very difterenl from one another, and (here is a great deal of debate between piwonemi of each (heory. The controversy is often (conveniently) referred to as *fcna(ure/nurtureM.Those who support the “naiure” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, (o do with our abilities, chai-acieristics. and behavior is central to this (heory. Taken (o an extreme, this (heory maintains (ha( our behavior is predetermined (o such a great degree (hat we are almost completely governed by our Instincts.Proponents of (he ''nurture'' theory, or, as they are ol ten called behaviorists, claim (hat our environment is more important (han our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond lo environmental stimuli as (he basis of iheir behavior.The social and political implications of these (wo theories are profound. In the United Stales, for example, blacks often score below whiles on standardized intelligence test. This leads some “nalure“ proponents to conclude (hat blacks are genetically inferior lo whites. Behaviorisis, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due lo the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of ihe educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, (hey do not develop ihe same responses (hat whites do.Neither of these theories can yel fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quile likely (hat the key (o our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That ihe controversy will continue fora long time is certain.12. The author is mainly concerned about solving (he problem.A. why one's behaviors diller from others'B. what makes different stages of inielligenceC. how social scientists form different theoriesD. what causes (he k%nature/nuriureM controversy13. The word proponents' can best be replaced by.A. approachesB. advocatesC. principlesD. characters14. What can we learn about the behaviorists?A. They believe human beings are mechanical.B. They compare our behaviors to (he machines.C. They suggest that we react (o the