英语写作新思维高级课程.pdf

写作新思维高级课程第一章：句子概述(一)(-)句子结构基本模式一两点定位，五步造句法状语-定语-主语-同位语-状语-谓 语1-状语-定语-宾语-宾补-定语-状语-and-谓语2-导入lead-in 插 入 in-between 附加部分add-onCase 1:On a bright summer morning,Jeremy Goodfellow,a young man of simple means and honest intentions,left the quiet country town inwhich hed been raised,and set off on the bold errand hed been preparing for all his life.Case 2:One morning in 1905,or the 31th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty,two brothers,full of excitement and chatter,set out by boat from their hometown Boa-ah,a mountain hamlet in Fujian province on the southern coast of China,for the port city of Xiamen,some sixty miles away.主体部分Main Part.主 语+谓语导入部分 lead-in part介词短语 prepositional phrase:,Maria went to sleep.副词 Adverb:，Maria went to sleep不定式短语 Infinitive Phrase:,Maria went to sleep.从 句 Dependent Clause:,Maria went to sleep.分词短语 Participial Phrase:,Maria went to sleep.形容词短语 Adjectival phrase:,Maria went to sleep写作新思维高级课程同位语 Appositive:,Maiia went to sleep.插入部分 in-between part同位语Appositive:Maria,went to sleep.分词短语Participial Phrase:Maria,went to sleep.句子Sentence:Maria,went to sleep.从句Dependent Clause:Maria,_工 went to sleep.附加部分add-on part从句Dependent Clause:Maria went to sleep,_现在分词短语Present Participial Phrase:Maria went to sleep,过去分词短语Past Participial Phrase:Mai,ia went to sleep,形容词短语Adjectival Phrase:Maria went to sleep,练习一：翻译下列句子a）计算机带来变化b）工业破坏价值观C）全球化的时代已到来2d）问题在于e)学生接触社会 come into contact with the worldf)影响学习 interfere with studiesg)剥夺机会 deprive.of the opportunityh)解释现象 account for the phenomenoni)阻碍发展 hamper/impede the developmentj)减轻压力 alleviate the tensionk)促进发展 accelerate the development3写作新思维高级课程1)控制人 口增长 curb the rapid grows of the populationm练习二：按照要求扩展句子a)加导入部分：The storm roared across the countryside.答案 Although it wasnt forecast,the storm roared across the countryside.b)加导入部分:Paige listened to music.答案 To forget about her boyfriend,Paige listened to music.c)加插入部分:“The horse rolled in the mud.答案 The horse,a golden palomino,rolled in the mud.d)力口插入部分:Taylor ate the cookie.答案 Taylor,a chubby six-year-old,ate the cookie.e)加附加部分:Leaves are falling.答案 Leaves are falling,coming down in dancing streams of gold and brown.f)加附加部分:The computer broke.n4答案 The computer broke,leaving us all without a means of communicating.g）力 口 附 力 口 部 分:“She called her friend.答案 She called her friend,hoping that he would be home,afraid that he would not be.h）加导入和附加部分:“The children laughed.1 1答案 In spite of the warning,the children laughed,ending the solemn atmosphere.i）加插入和附加部分:The cat chased the mouse.答案 The cat,a fat Cheshire,chased the mouse,pouncing on it with glee.j）加导入，插入和附加部分：The wedding was approaching.答案 Since it was September,the wedding,an extravagant affair,was approaching,sending the future bridejnto fits of apprehension.B 练习三：找出下列句子的导入部分a）Now IF NATURE SHOULD INTERMIT（中断）HER COURSE and leave altogether,though it were but for awhile,the observation of her ownlaws;if those principal and mother elements of the world,whereof（of whom）all things in this lower world are made,should lose thequalities which now they have;if the frame of that heavenly arch erected over our heads should loosen and dissolve（溶解,衰减）itself;ifcelestial（天体的）spheres should forget their wonted motions（惯常运动）,and by irregular volubility（流利）turn themselves any way as itmight happen;if the prince of the lights of heaven which now as a giant doth run his unwearied course,should,as it were through alanguishing（凋萎，衰退）faintness,begin to stand and to rest himself;if the moon should wander from her beaten way,the times andseasons of the year blend themselves by disordered and confused mixture,the winds breathe out their last gasp,the clouds yield（生产）no rain,the earth be defeated of heavenly influence,the fruits of the earth pine away。肖瘦，憔 悴）as children at the withered breasts5写作新思维高级课程of their mother no longer able to yield them relief-what would become of man himself,whom these things now do all serve?from Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polityb)But,if this world is not merely a bad joke,life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars,and existence an empty laugh brayingacross the mysteries;if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humor born of indigestion,or whimsies sent bythe devil to mock and madden us,if,in a word,beauty means something,yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning.c)If,instead of listening to the war-mongers of the military-industrial establishment,the politicians had only listened to what people hadbeen writing in their letters and in the newspaper columns,if they had only listened to what the demonstrators had been shouting in thestreets and on the campuses,if they had only listened to what was in their hearts,the war would have ended long ago.d)For small pieces of weather-and to a global forecaster,small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards-any prediction deterioratesrapidly.e)As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow,her flags flying,pennantswaving,sails filling in the breeze,and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with colour,she presented a more majestic spectaclethan Stockholmers had ever seen before.f)Moreover,unlike some of the other insect eaters,spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.g)Unlike most of his contemporaiies in Hollywood,Hart actually knew something of the old West.h)Except for one or two places such as Z ennatt and Chamonix,which had rapidly become populai;Alpine village tended to beimpoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.i)For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home,the change to the Alps must have6very hard indeed.j)But as soon as a the question of prestige arises,as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose,the mostsavage combative instincts are aroused.k)So,faced with the Danish advance,Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.1)As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars,engineers may soon be free to let their imaginationssoar without being penalized by expensive failures.m)But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows,and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do,the fear of death issomewhat abject and ignoble.n)Living in a world in which undeclared aggression,war,hypocrisy,chicanery,anarchy and impending immolation are part of our dailylives,we all want a code to live by.o)In the breaking and remaking,in the timing,interweaving,beginning afresh,the writer comes to discern things in his material whichwere not consciously in his mind when he began.p)And if this something else is rightly chosen,if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest,gradually,and oftenquite swiftly,the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.q)As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want,who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almostevery object of desire for them a new pleasure,a new excitement is only an additional satiation.r)But,contrary to a popular assumption,it is far from being the only one,or even the greatest.7写作新思维高级课程m 练习四：找出下列句子的插入部分a)Chickens slaughtered in the United States,claim officials in Bmssels,are not fit to grace European tables.b)Carver Mead,a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology,notes thereare now work-stations that enable engineers to design,test and produce chips right on their desks,much the way an editor creates anewsletter on a Macintosh.c)For instance,Alex Au,a Stanford Ph.D.from Hong Kong,has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan*s near lock on thememory-chip market.d)But a bank customer,unlike,say,a buyer of goods,cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.e)A man without an education,many of us believe,is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatesttwentieth-century opportunities.f)Ironically,Europe,which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia,acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.g)Rest：in terms of muscle relaxation and so on,can be achieved by a brief period lying,or even sitting down.h)Over the periods their saliva,a mild,digestive juice like our own,was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.i)King Gustavus Adolphus,The Northern Hurricane1,then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years*War,had dictated hermeasurements and armament.8j)In 1953,a former electronics engineer in his fifties,Christopher Cockerell,who had turned to boat-building on the Norfolk Broads,suggested an idea on which he had been working for many years to the British Government and industrial circles.k)But a closer study of the evidence,supported by a deeper sense of the period,and particularly by a new consciousness of thephilosophical undercurrents in the scientific revolution,has profoundly modified this view of Galileo.1)The adolescent,with his passion for sincerity,always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong,or ignorant,or even that he hasbeen unfair or unjust.m)One,to my certain knowledge,spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir,then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands.n)Professor Ronald Bracewell,a leading American radio astronomer,aigued in Nature that such a superior civilization,on a visit to ourown solar system,may have left an automatic messenger behind to await the possible awakening of an advanced civilization.o)As a reasonable guess,they might,on an average,be 100 light years away.p)Similarly,our own present primitive chemical rockets,though good enough to orbit men,have no chance of transporting us to thenearest other star,four light yeais away,let alone distances of tens or hundreds of light years.q)Custom,we have a way of thinking,is behaviour at its most commonplace.r)Traditional custom,taken the world over,is a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve inindividual actions,no matter how aberrant.s)Competition between our selves,person against person,community against community,still persists,however;and it is as fierce as itever was.9写作新思维高级课程t)Insularity and self-containment,it is argued,go hand in hand.Q 练习五：找出下列句子的附加部分a)I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations,and that if only the common peoples of theworld could meet one another at football or cricket,they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.b)One can tell the difference almost at a glance,for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.c)They are hungry creatures,not content with only three meals a day.d)The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top,because the summit was the prize they sought,especially if it and never beenattained before.e)The food was simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old,all washed down with coarse wine.f)Alfred the Great acted his own spy,visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.g)Every solid object will reflect a sound,varying according to the size and nature of the object.h)I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations,and that if only the common peoples of theworld could meet one another at football or cricket,they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.i)But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators:and,behind the spectators,of the nations whowork themselves into furies over these absurd contests,and seriously believe-at any rate for short periods-that running,jumping andiokicking a ball ai*e tests of national virtue.j)For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice,adopted by banks,of printing the customers name on his cheques.k)An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first,narrowly contained within its banks,and rushing passionately pastboulders and over waterfalls.1)I should wish to die while still at work,knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do,and content in the thought that what waspossible has been done.m)EiTors and uncertainties multiply,cascading upwai*d through a chain of turbulent features,from dust devils and squalls up to continent-sizeeddies that only satellites can see.n)It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines,and without giving any consideration to theeffects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.o)This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes,so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.p)It was Hail who created the basic formula of the Western film,and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made,the good-hadman,the accidental-noble outlaw,or the honest-but-framed cowboy,or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip;in short,the individual inconflict with himself and his frontier environment.q)The albatross is the king of the gliders,the class of fliers which harness the air to their puipose,but must yield to its opposition.r)It tires not,nor does it boast of its power;but belongs to the air,travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nestinghome,feeding its flown young as it flies,and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse.11写作新思维高级课程s)Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century,the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.t)the railway of the future may well be the overtrain1,riding on its air cushion over a single rail,which it never touches,at speeds up to 300m.p.h.u)For the same reason,writers talk interminably about their own books,winkling out hidden meanings,super-imposing new ones,beggingresponse from those around them.v)For this reason also the writer,like any other artist,has no resting place,no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort,no judgmentfrom outside which can replace the judgment from within.w)Yet their(Morocco and California)present development is wholly different,not so much because of different people even,but because ofthe different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants.x)Imagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society,one that still does not possess the bomb,of making it aware of thepossibility,of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be constructed.f f l 练习六：分析下列句子结构，找出导入，插入和附加部分a)When anyone opens a current account at a bank,he is lending the bank money,repayment of which he may demand at any time,either incash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.b)Primarily,the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor-who is which depending on whether the customers account is incredit or is overdrawn.12c)With the inve