英语历年真题及答案.pdf
1991年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题I.In each sentence,decide which of the four choices given will suitably complete the sentence ifinserted at the place marked.Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET(15 point)1.They lost their way in the forest,and _ made matters worse was thatnight began tofall.A.that B.it C.what D.which2._ my return,I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not beback for several hours.A.At B.On C.With D.During3.Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girlsrespond to _ situations.A.similar B.alike C.same D.likely4.There is not much time left;so Pll tell you about itA.in detail B.in brief C.in short D.in all5.In this factory,suggestion Often have to wait for months before they are fully _.A.admitted B.acknowledged C.absorbed D.considered6.There is a real posibility that these animals could be frightened,_ a sudden loud noise.A.being there B.should there be C.there was D.there having been7.By the year 2000,scientists probably _ a cure for cancer.A.will be discovering B.are discoveringC.will have discovered D.have discovered8.Jim isnr t but he did badly in the final exams last smester.A.gloomy B.dull C.awkward D.tedious9.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents*_A.command B.conviction C.consent D.compromise10.He had _ on the subject.A.a rather strong opinion B.rather strong opinionC.rather the strong opinion D.the rather strong opinion.11.When Jane fell off the bike,the other children _A.were not able to help laughter B.could not help but laughingC.could not help laughing D.could not help to laugh12.It is better to die on ones feet than_.A.living on ones knees B.live on ones kneesC.on ones knees D.to live on one*s knees13.The most important_ of his speech was that we should all work wholeheartedly forthe people.A.element B.spot C.sense D.point14.This watch is_ to all the other watches on the market.A.superior B.advantageous C.super D.beneficial15.In a typhoon,winds _ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.A.assume B.accomplish C.attain D.assemble16.the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A.In spite of B.But for C.Because of D.As for17.Mary _ my letter;otherwise she would have replied before now.A.has received B.ought to have receivedC.couldnt have received D.shouldn*t have received18._ to speak when the audience interrupted him.A.Hardly had he begun B.No sooner had he begunC.Not until he began D.Scarcely did he begin19.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction,completely _ to the outside world.A.being lost B.having lost C.losing D.lost20.The policemen went into action _ they heard the alarm.A.promptly B.presently C.quickly D.directly21.The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.A.vanished B.abandoned C.scattered D.rejected22.Dress warmly,_ youll catch cold.A.on the contrary B.or rather C.or else D.in no way23.Our research has focused on a drug which is so _ as to be able to change brain chemistry.A.powerful B.influential C.monstrous D.vigorous24.Bob was completely _ by the robber1 s disguise.A.taken away B.taken down C.taken to D.taken in25.Difficulties and hardships have_ the best qualities of the young geologist.A.brought out B.brought about C.brought forth D.brought up26.Our modem civilization must not be thought of as _ in a short period of time.A.being created B.to have been createdC.having been created D.to be created27.Even if they are on sale,these refrigerators are equal in price to,if not more expensive than,_ at the other store.A.anyone B.the others C.that D.the ones28.The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to_the investmentplan within a week.A.work out B.put out C.make out D.set out29.He knows little of mathematics,and _ of chemistry.A.even more B.still less C.no less D.still more30.The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the fanil exam.A.is B.being C.have been D.to beII.Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For ach question four answersare given.Read the passages carefully and chnose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(30 poinb)A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to donothing.So,as a police officer,I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime.Something has goneterribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life.It has happened in the area of values.Akey ingredient is disappearing,and I think I know what it is:accountability.Accountability isnt hard to define.It means that every person is responsible for his or her actionsand liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization together honesty,kindness,and so on-accountability may be the most important of all.Without it,there can be no respect,no trust,no lawand,ultimately,no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse,or have neverlearned,to impose it on themselves.But as every policeman knows,external controls on peoplesbehavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt,shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communities-smaller towns,usually-where schools maintaindiscipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim:In this family certain things are nottolerated-they simply are not done!”Yet more and more,especially in our larger citis and suburbs,these inner restraints areloosening.Your typical robber has none.He considers your property his property;he takes whathe wants,including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes.Thirty years ago,if a crimewas committed,society was considered the victim.Now,in a shocking reversal,it*s the criminalwho is considered victimized:by his underpriviledged upbringing,by the school that didn t teachhim to read,by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance,by the parents whodidnt provide a stable home.I don t believe it.Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not toengagein criminal activities.If we free the criminal,even partly,from accountabiliy,we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits acrime is the one responsible for it.31.What the wise man said suggests that.A.its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB.it*s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC.its only natural for vinue to defeat evilD.its desirable for good men to keep away from evil32.According to the author,if a person is found guilty of a crime,_.A.society is to be held responsibleB.modem civilization is mponsible for itC.the criminal himself should bear the blameD.the standards of living should be improved33.Compared with those in small towns,people in large cities have_.A.less self-discipline B.better sense of disciplineC.more mutual respect.D.less effective government34.The writer is sorry to have noticed that _.A.people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB.people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC.today 1 s society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities35.The key point of the passage is that.A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB.more good examples should be set for people to followC.more restrictions should be imposed on people*s behaviorD.more people should accept the value of accountability2The period of adolescence,i.e.,the person between childhood and adulthood,may be longor short,depending on social expectations and on society*s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period oftime,while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws againstchild labor,the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade ofone s life.Furthermore,the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood statusmay change in a given society as social and economic conditions change.Examples of this type ofchange are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the U-nited States,and more universally,the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society,ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition andsymbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies.Social ones havebeen replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status.Forexample,grade school graduation,high school graduation and college graduation constitute such asequence,and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition,thesignificance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of theindividual.Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles,right,privileges and responsibilitis.It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to thetwenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of child-hood and minor status are removedand adult privileges and responsibilitis are granted.The twelve-year-old is no longer considered achild and has to pay full fare for train,airplane,theater and movie tickets.Basically,the individual atthis age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights.At the age of sixteen theadolescent is granted cenain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him withmore freedom and choices.He now can obtain a drivers license;he can leave public schools;and hecan work without the restrictions of child labor laws.At the age of eighteen the law provides adultresponsibilities as well as rights;the young man can now be a soldier,but he also can many withoutparental permission.At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult.He now can wote,he can buy liquor,he can enter into financial contracts,and he is entitled to run for public office.No additional basicrights are acquired as a function of age alter majority status has been attained.None of these legalprovisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolongedperiod of adolescence.36.The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because.A.the definition of maturity has changedB.the industrialized society is more developedC.more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeD.ceremonies for adolescence have lost their fonnal recognition and symbolic significance37.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to.A.graduations from schools and colleges B.social recognitionC.socio-economic status D.certain behavioral changes38.No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is.A.eleven years old B.sixteen years oldC.twenty-one years old D.bet ween twelve and twenty-one years old39.Starting from 22,_.A.one will obtain more basic rightsB.the older one becomes,the more basic rights he will haveC.one wont get more basic rights than when he is 21D.one will enjoy more rights granted bv society.40.Acoording to the passage,it is true thatA.in the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence andadulthood no longer existedB.no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-oneC.one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver*s licenseD.one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army3Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined.C.R.Darnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a housecom-posed mainly of brick a brick building.Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growthand development occur in water.The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant mustbe dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root.They are carried to all parts ofthe growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state.The car-bondioxide from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf be-fore it iscombined with a part of the water to form simple sugars the base material from which the plantbody is mainly built.Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water.Stnlcturalparts of plants,such as woodv stems no longer actively growing,may have much less water thangrowing tissues.The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time,however,is only a very small part ofwhat passes through it during its development.The processes of photosynthesis,by which car-bondioxide and water are combined-in the presence of chlorophyll(小 上绿素)and with energy derivedfrom light-to form sugars,require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant.This occursmainly in the leaves.The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings,through which the carbon dioxide enters.The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf,however,permits another gas-water vapor-to be lost from it.Since carbon dioxide is present in theair only in trace quantities(3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air)and water vapor is near saturation inthe air spaces within the leaf(at 80F,saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in10,0 0 0 parts of air),the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake.Actually,because of wind and other factors,the loss of water In proportion to carbon dioxide intakemay be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases.Also,not all of the carbondioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbo-hydrates(碳水化合物).41.A growing plant needs water for all of the following except.A.forming sugars B.sustaining woody stemsC.keeping green D.producing carbon dioxide42.The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is_.A.to form sugars B.to derive energy from lightC.to preserve water D.to combine carbon dioxide with water43.The second paragraph uses facts to develop the essential idea that.A.a plant efficiently utilizes most Of the water it absorbsB.carbon dioxide is the essential substance needed for plant developmentC.a plant needs more water than is found in its compositionD.the stronger the wind,the more the water vapor loss44.According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The mineral eLements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolved in itsroot.B.The woody stems contain more water than the leaves.C.Air existing around the leaf is found to be saturated.D.Only part of the carbon di
