2018年北京市高考英语试卷及答案.pdf
1绝密绝密启用前启用前2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英英 语（语（北京卷北京卷）（考试时间：100 分钟试卷满分：120 分）考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分第一部分：知识运用知识运用（共两节共两节，45分分）第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：Its so nice to hear from her again._,we last met more than thirty years ago.A.Whats moreB.Thats to sayC.In other wordsD.Believe it or not答案是D。1.Hi,Im Peter.Are you new here?I havent seen you around?Hello,Peter.Im Bob.I just _ on Monday.A.startB.have startedC.startedD.had started2._ we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until3._ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA.TravelB.TravelingC.Having traveledD.Traveled4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A.is workingB.was workingC.has workedD.had worked5.She and her family bicycle to work,_ helps them keep fit.A.whichB.whoC.asD.that6.During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together _ a meal,admire the moonand enjoy moon cakes.A.shareB.to shareC.having sharedD.shared7.Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.2A.are growingB.have grownC.will growD.had grown8.In any unsafe situation,simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A.pressB.to pressC.pressingD.pressed9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A.are trappingB.have been trappedC.were trappingD.had been trapped10.Ordinary soap,_ correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.A.usedB.to useC.usingD.use11.Without his support,we wouldnt be _ we are now.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why12.In todays information age,the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must13.They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A.droveB.would driveC.were to driveD.had driven14.Good morning,Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A.forB.onC.inD.at15.This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The Homeless HeroFor many,finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）.But the16would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.All ofthis makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith17more remarkable.After spotting a18on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down,he stood guard in therain for about two hours waiting for the19to return.3After hours in the cold and wet,he20inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so hecould contact（联系）the driver,only to21it contained 400 in notes,with another 50 in spare changebeside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after22a note behind to let the owner know it wassafe.When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itselfworth 35,000in Glasgow city centre,they were23to find two policemen standing next to it.Thepolicemen told them what Mr.Smith did and that the wallet was24.The pair were later able to thank Mr.Smith for his25.Mr.Anderson said：I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streetstonight26he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and27he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others28.Its unbelievable.It just provesthere are29guys out there.Mr.Smiths act30much of the publics attention.He also won praise from social media users afterMr.Anderson31about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr.Anderson has set up an online campaign to32money for Mr.Smith and other homelesspeople in the area,which by yesterday had received 8,000.I think the faith that everyone has shown33him has touched him.People have been approaching him in the street;hes had job34and all sorts,Mr.Anderson commented.For Mr.Smith,this is a possible life-changing35.The story once again tells us that one good turndeserves another.16.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort17.A.stillB.evenC.everD.once18.A.walletB.bagC.boxD.parcel19.A.partnerB.colleagueC.ownerD.policeman20.A.turnedB.hidC.steppedD.reached21.A.discoverB.collectC.checkD.believe22.A.takingB.leavingC.readingD.writing23.A.satisfiedB.excitedC.amusedD.shocked24.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen25.A.serviceB.supportC.kindnessD.encouragement426.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because27.A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just28.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.instead29.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous30.A.gaveB.paidC.castD.drew31.A.learnedB.postedC.caredD.heard32.A.borrowB.raiseC.saveD.earn33.A.ofB.atC.forD.in34.A.detailsB.changesC.offersD.applications35.A.lessonB.adventureC.chanceD.challenge第二部分第二部分：阅读理解阅读理解(共两节共两节，40分分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMy First Marathon（马拉松马拉松）A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet,I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class,the teacher required us to run laps and thenhit a softball.I didnt do either well.He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s,I realizedrunning was a battle against myself,not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about thebattle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon,I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line.I woke up sweating andnervous,but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line,my shoe laces(鞋带)became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the startI wanted!At mile 3,I passed a sign:GO FOR IT,RUNNERS!By mile 17,I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain,I stayed the coursewalking a bit and then running again.By mile 21,I was starving!5As I approached mile 23,I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded thealarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And I got a medal.In fact,I got the same medal as theone that the guy who came in first place had.zxxkDetermined to be myself,move forward,free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签),I can now call myselfa marathon winner.36.A month before the marathon,the author _.A.was well trainedB.felt scaredC.made up his mind to runD.lost hope37.Why did the author mention the P.E.class in his 7th year?A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.38.How was the authors first marathon?A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.39.What does the story mainly tell us?A.A man owes his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.BFind YourAdventure at the Space and Aviation(航空航空)CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure,the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be.The Centeroffers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC,with many seeking employment in engineering,aviation,education,medicine and a wide variety of other professions.They come to camp,wanting to know what it is like tobe an astronaut or a pilot,and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees,the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章).At Space Camp,trainees6can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets,learn about space tasks and trysimulated(模拟)flying to space with the crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program givestrainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills inthe cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survivalbadge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of downed pilot.With all the programs,teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of abigger task.zxx.kAll this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together,too,with Family Campprograms for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week there is something here for everyone!For more details,please visit us online at .40.Why do people come to SAC?A.To experience adventures.B.To look for jobs in aviation.C.To get a degree in engineering.D.To learn more about medicine.41.To earn a Space Exploration badge,a trainee needs to.A.fly to spaceB.get anAviation badge firstC.study the principles of flightD.build and fire model rockets42.What is the most important for trainees?A.Leadership.B.Team spirit.C.Task planning.D.Survival skills.CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almosthalf of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场),and up to 12 million tons pollutethe oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it,but a new study7suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break downpolyethylene,which accounts for 40%of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethyleneshopping bag for 12 hours,and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams,or almost 3%of it.Toconfirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown,the researchers madesome worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13%of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms stomachs.Their findings were published in CurrentBiology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini,co-author of the study,says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic.Wax is a complex mixture,but the basic bond inpolyethylene,the carbon-carbon bond,is there as well,she explains,The wax worm evolved a method orsystem to break this bond.Jennifer DeBruyn,a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee,who was not involved in the study,says itis not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies,she finds thespeed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step,DeBruyn says,will be to identify the cause of thebreakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break downplastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millionsof worms thrown on top of the plastic.43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn,the next step of the study is to.A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.8A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future46.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream,years away frommaterializing in the real world.Well,the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehiclesbegan giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared theway for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars,and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California,it should be noted,isnt leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in citiesacross the country.Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long ittakes,the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities,for better or for worse,depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams,cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient,affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to makesure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars?Imagine a future wheremost adults own individual self-driving vehicles.They tolerate long,slow journeys to and from work on packedhighways because they can work,entertain themselves or sleep on the ride,which encourages urban spread.Theytake their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying forparking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning,they send the self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport an unwelcome side effect researchers havealready found in ride-hailing(叫车)services.9A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private carsworldwide with electric,self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40%by 2050.Fewer emissions andcheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly befielded by ride-hailing services,considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people becomecomfortable with the technology.zxxkPolicymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesntextend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technologicaladvancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move morepeople,and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.47.According to the author,attention should be paid to how driverless cars can _.A.help deal wi
