英语四级翻译解题技巧.xls

点击朗诵16国外语：需要启用宏后才能使用朗诵功能启用方法：先启用编辑，然后启用宏内容。2003版启用方法如下：工具宏安全性低或中重启文档启用宏）31354不会启用宏？点 击查看 帮 助：请根据内容选择以下语种，再点击单词朗诵，祝你学习进步！1en词。句中的一部分已用英文给出要求考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语。考试时间为5分钟。分值占5%。翻译须符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯要求用词准确。翻译题型概述.1.固定搭配考点这是翻译中的最为核心的考点也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点应该引起考生的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配形容词与名词搭配动词与副词的修饰关系名词与介词搭配 更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达这些都可能成为本次考试的命题重点。.2.核心语法考点这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考点的重现和转移 这一点要引起同学的重视尽管词汇单选题现在不考了 但是还是不能忽视这部分题目因为考点是一致的。核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等。.3.核心动词以及动词短语的考查。.虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下1.(should)+动词原形的情形2.if或but for等引导的条件句 3.wish,ifonly,it is time的用法.(should)+1.1在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,resolve,argue,maintain,determine,recommend,advise,advocate,persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。Sheinsisted that the seats(should)be booked in英语 韩国语 法语 日语 德语 葡萄牙语 西班牙语 阿拉伯语瑞典语 南非荷兰语 捷克语 泰语 越南语 中文 世界语 塞尔维亚语 第 1 页，共 14 页advance.她坚持要预定座位。He advised that the doctor(should)besent for.他劝我们派人请医生。注 如果上述动词作其他意思解释 或者说话者 认为所讲的事是事实 要用陈述语气。When asked why he declined ourinvitation,hesuggested that he was not on good terms with thedirector.真题重现【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that_(我们交研究报 告)。参考答案 we hand in our research report(s).1.2在advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,request,plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops(should)withdraw at once.他命令部队马上撤退。.1.3在形容词important,necessary,imperative,natural,urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,vital,advisable,preferable,incredible以及短语no wonder,a pity等可以构成“It is+形容词 名词+that”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort(should)be made.必须立即采取行动。.真题重现【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfairthat these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利).参考答案These children(should)be deprived of the right toreceive education.if but for.if条件从句 结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词(had done)would have done与将来事实相 第 2 页，共 14 页反一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形.Hewouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了与现在事实相反 I am sorry I am very busy just now.If I hadtime,I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉现在很忙。如果有时间我肯定陪你去看电影了。与现在事实相反 The conference wouldnt have been sosuccessful if wehadnt made adequate preparations.如果我们不做充分的准备 会议是不会开得这么成功的。与过去事实相反 If it snowed/were tosnow/should snow tomorrow,I should(would)stay at home.如果明天下雪我就呆在家里。but for=if it were not for/if it had notbeen forl But for your help they would not have fulfilled thetask in time.如果没有你的帮助 他们不可能按时完成任务。.真题重现【CET-4:2006.12】The victim-(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.参考答案would have a chance to survive【CET-6:2007.12】But formobile phone,_我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)参考答案 ourcommunication would not be so efficientand convenient.【CET-6:2007.1】If you had _(听从了我的忠告你就不会陷入麻烦).参考答案followed myadvice/suggestion,you would nothave been/be in trouble.It is(high,about)time 此句型要求用虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”Its time_(采取措施)about the trafficproblem downtown.something was done/some measures weretaken.wish与现在事实相反were或动词的一般过去与过去事实相反haddone或would/could havedone将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望would/should(could,might)+动词原形I wish she were here.她在这里就好了。I wish you would gowith us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish she had takenmy advice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。.if only现在没有实现的愿望 一般过去式 过去没有实现的愿望 过去完成式 If only she had knownwhere to find you.他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I couldspeak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了.从句的内容非常庞杂该专题主要讲解在翻译题可能考察的名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。.一 名词性从句名词从句是指行使名词功能的从句 包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及补语从句。.1.主语从句-从句作主语主语从句主要由that,what,whether,how以及其它词引导还有就是由代词it作形式主语。Thathe survived the accident is a miracle.他在这场事故中幸免于难 真是奇迹。特别提示 尽管that并没有实际含义但是他起到引导主语从句的功能在这里不可或缺。What he enjoys doing is ignored by society asof no value or importance.他喜欢做的事情被社会所忽视认为毫无价值无足轻重。How he managed to finish the job is of interest to usall.他是如何设法完成这项工作的我们对此都很感兴趣 Whether theresults will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towardsit.结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的态度 特别提示whether引导的主语从句位于句首时whether不能由if代替。.2.宾语从句-从句作宾语。The court decisions haveordered that publicschools take the necessary steps to provide thateducation.法院裁决责令公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供这种教育。Icant understand why he avoided speaking to me.我不理解他为什么不跟我说话。真题重现【CET-4 2007.12】ManyAmericans live oncredit,and their quality of life _(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),not how much they can earn.参考答案 is measured by howmuch they can loan.3.表语从句-从句作表语The next question wehave to decide iswhen we have to submit the annual report.我们必须决定的下一个问题是什么时候我们必须呈交年度报告。【CET-4 2007.12】In my sixties,one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了)。参考答案 Iam more likely to get tired than before.二 定语从句定语从句是修饰限定名词或代词的从句。掌握定语从句的关键在于把握引导词 既用来引导定语从句的词。定语从句的内容比较庞杂希望同学们在复习时多总结和归纳。真题重现【CET-4 2007.6】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is_(我们可以 第 3 页，共 14 页合作的领域).参考答案a field where(in which)we cancooperate.三 状语从句状语从句分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句真题重现【CET-42007.12】I am going to pursue thiscourse,_(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)。参考答案no matterwhat kind of sacrifice Ihave to make【CET-42006.12】Some psychologists claim thatpeople_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)参考答案 may feel lonely when they are away fromhome.1 当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装 如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。Only when you haveobtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时 你才能得出正确的结论 Only in this way can wecatch up with the worlds advanced levels in science andtechnology.只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。其他如 only then,only once,only in AmericaChina,only after the accident等。真题重现【CET-62007.6】Only in the small town_.(他才感到安全和放松)参考答案does she feel secure and relaxed.2.never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,not until,byno means,under no circumstances,under no condition,in noway(决不),in nocase(决不),neither(nor),no sooner(than),hardly(when),barely(仅仅 几乎不),on no account,inno circumstances(决不),not a bit,nowhere,not onlybutalso等。Not only was Churchill a statesman,but also a poet.丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家 还是一位诗人。Never in all my life have Iheard such nonsense.我从未听到过这种胡说真题重现【CET-62007.12】The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)参考答案should he lieto the court.【CET-6 2007.1】_(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplication form.参考答案Not until the deadline did he send(out).3the more,the more结构中的倒装。【CET-42006.6】90.The more you explain,_(我愈糊涂).参考答案 the more confusedI am.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who对于这个结构需要注意以下几点 强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外 没有其他形式的变化;被强调部分如果是人 可以用who,也可以用that,其他情况用that 常识性知识一般不能作为考点。在notuntil句型里如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时 not须跟在until之前 即构成Itis not untilthat结构。.It is because she is too inexperiencedthat she does not know how to deal with the serioussituation.她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。It is because the water had risen that they couldnot cross the river.正是因为水涨了他们没有渡过河去。注 强调的如果是原因状语从句 只能由because引导不能由since,as或why引导。It was not until the secondyear that he has adapted himself to the college life.直到第二年他才适应了大学生活。.真题重现【CET-62007.1】_(直 到截止日他才寄出)his application form.参考答案It was not untilthe deadlinethat he sent(out).非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。非谓 第 4 页，共 14 页语动词的考点主要有 1英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式 也可跟动名词作直接宾语但有些动词要求 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 attempt企图mean意欲打算determine决定pretend假装decide决定hesitate犹豫hope希望intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定等真题重现【CET-42007.6】Because of the leg injury,theathlete(决定退出比赛).参考答案decided to quit thematch.【CET-6 2007.12】The Foreign Minister said he wasresigning,_ _.(但他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因)参考答案 while he refused to further explain why./whilehe refused to make further explanation for doing so.2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补动词+宾语+动词不定式enable使能够ask要求allow允许force强迫press迫使inspire鼓舞request请求help帮助invite吸引 邀请encourage鼓励等真题重现【CET-4 2006.12】Specialists in interculturalstudies says that it is not easy to(适应不同文化中的生活)参考答案adapt oneself to life in differentcultures.【CET-6 2007.1】After the terrorist attack,tourists被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游.参考答案 were advised/suggested notto go tothat country as their tourism destination for thepresent.3)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 dislike不喜欢 讨厌appreciate 感激 欣赏avoid避免enjoy享有 喜爱cant help不 禁escape逃跑 逃避cant stand受不了deny否认mind 介意finish完成 结束不得postpone延迟延期hate讨厌等I appreciate having been giventhe opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。.2 非谓语动词中的有关句型 1动名词作主语的句型1)It is+no use,no good(fun,a great pleasure,a waste of time,a bore.)等名词+doing sth.It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣2)It is+useless(nice,goodinteresting,expensive等形容词)+doing sthIt is good Playing chess aftersupper晚饭后弈棋挺好。.真题重现【CET-42007.12】In my sixties,one change I notice isthat(我比以前更容易累了)参考答案I am more likely to get tired than before【CET-42006.12】Since my childhood I have fond that_(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)参考答案 nothing is more attractiveto me than reading【CET-62007.12】In handling an embarrassingsituation,.(没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的 了)参考答案 nothing is more helpful than a sense of humor.【CET-4 2006.6】Though a skilled worker,_ 他被公司解雇了 last week because of the economic crisis.参考答案he was fired by thecompany主要考察基本语法知识点即被动语态的用法【CET-62007.6】The problem of blacks and women _(最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注).参考答案have gained/causedconsiderable public 第 5 页，共 14 页concern in recent decades.第 6 页，共 14 页点击朗诵16国外语：需要启用宏后才能使用朗诵功能启用方法：先启用编辑，然后启用宏内容。2003版启用方法如下：工具宏安全性低或中重启文档启用宏）第 7 页，共 14 页 第 8 页，共 14 页 第 9 页，共 14 页 第 10 页，共 14 页 第 11 页，共 14 页 第 12 页，共 14 页 第 13 页，共 14 页http:/宏 的视频office2007启用 宏 的视频