高中英语一轮复习讲座.pdf

Chapter I SB I Units 1-2重点句型1.What should a friend be like?询问对方的看法2.I think he/she should be.表示个人观点的词语3.1 enjoy reading/Im fond of singing/1 like playing computer games.等表示喜好的词语4.Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.“when”作并列连词的用法5.What/Who/When/Where is it that.?强调句的特殊疑问句结构6.With so many people communicating in English everyday,“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语7.Can you tell me how to pronounce.?带连接副词（或代词）的不定式做宾补的用法重点词汇1.especially v.特别地2.imagine v.想像3.alone adv./adj.单独，孤独的4.interest n.兴趣5.everyday adj.每天的，日常的6.deserted adj.抛弃的7.hunt v.搜寻8.share v.分享9.care v.在乎，关心10.total n.总数11.majority n.大多数12.survive v.生存,活下来13.adventure n.冒险14.scared adj.吓坏的15.admit v.承认16.while conj.但是，而17.boring adj.令人厌烦的18.except prep.除.之 夕 卜19.quality n.质量20.favourite adj.最喜爱的重点短语1.be fbnd of 爱好2.treat.as.把.看作为.3.make friends with 与.交朋友4.argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事5.hunt fbr 寻找6.in order to 为了7.share.with 与.分享8.bring in引进；赚钱9.a great/good many 许多.10.have difficulty(in)doing 做.有困难11,end up with 以.结束12.except fbr 除.之外e about 发生14.make(a)fire 生火15.make yourself at home 别拘束16.the majority of 大多数17.drop sb.a line给某人写短信18.for the first time 第一次19.at all根本；竟然20.have a(good)knowledge of精通.短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分,80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧？1.be fond_ 喜欢，爱 好of2.hunt_ 搜索。追寻，寻 找for3.in to_ 为了 order4.care_ 担心，关心 about5.such_例如，诸 如as6.drop sb a _ 给某人写信(通常指写短信)line7.make oneself at_ 另4 客气 home8.total 总共 in9.except_ 除了.之外 for10.stay_ 不唾，熬 夜up11._about 发生 come12.end_ with 以.告终 up13.bring_ 弓I 进，弓I 来 in14.a great_ 许许多多，极 多many15.be_ 对深感兴趣，深深迷上into16._the Internet 上网 surf17._classes 逃学，逃课 skip18.get_ 聚会，相聚，聚 集together19.be proud_ 为.感到骄傲of20.keep an_ on 照看，注意 eye21.be curious_ 对.感到好奇 about22.shut_ (使)住口 up23.joke_ 开玩笑 about24._the name of 以.名义 in25._the time 总是，一直 all交际用语I.I think.I like/love/hate.I enjoy.My interests are.2.Did you have a good flight?Y ou must be very tired.Just make yourself at home.I beg your pardon?Can you tell me how to pronounce.?Get it.单词聚焦1.argue v.的用法构词：argument n.1.C争 论2.U 讨 论.辩 论3.C论据 搭配：argue with/against sb.over/on/about sth.与某人 争论某事 argue fbr/against sth.辩论赞成/反对某事 argue that.主张，认为，争辩说 argue sb into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事友情提示：“说服某人做/不做某事”还可表达为：talk/persuade/reason sb.into/out of doingsth.settle the argument 解决争端友情提示：an argument with sb about/over s t h.为某事和某人而发生的争执【考例】W hat laughing-we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti（意大利式细面条）from plate to mouth.（2004全国卷I）A.speeches B.lessons C.sayings D.arguments 考查目标argue名词形式的词义。答案与解析D argument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。pare v.的用法构词：comparison n.匕 匕 较搭配：compare.to.比拟；比作 compare.with/to.将.和.相比较 comparen o te s对笔记；交换意见【考例】,-W i t h the size of the who 1 e earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at al 1.（2004湖北）A.Compare B.W hen comparingC.Comparing D.W hen compared 考查目标compare的用法。答案与解析D本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。3.consider v.的用法构词：consideration n.考虑，思考；体谅，顾及搭配：consider doing s t h.考虑做某事consider sb（to be/as）.认为/觉得某人.consider that-clause 认为.take sth into consideration 考虑 under consideration 在考虑中【考例】Charles Babbage is genera 1 ly considered-the fir s t computer.（NMET 19 9 3）A.to invent B.inventingC.to have invented D.having invented 考查目标cons idei的几种常见用法。答案与解析C consider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情.用不定式的完成形式。4.deserted ad j.空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的(1)空无一人的 a deserted street/area 空无一人的街道，地区；The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。(2)被遗弃的 a deserted c h ild被遗弃的孩子(3)desert dezot n.沙漠desert dlzo:t v t.丢弃；遗弃He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.5.difficulty n.(1)difficulty(通常作复数)难事，难点，难题 She met with many difficulties when travel 1 ing.(2)在以下句型中，d ifficu lty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doing sth.干某事有困难there is(some)difficulty(in)doing sth.have(some)difficulty with sth.在某事上有困难there is(some)difficulty with sth.do sth.with difficulty/without difficulty 困难地/轻而易举地做某事We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.Do you have any difficulty with your English?【注意】(1)以上句型中，diff icully 前可加 some,little,much,a lot of,no,any 修饰(2)以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物(1)adj.最喜爱的 M y favorite sport is playing football.(2)n,C 最喜爱的人或事物 He is a favorite with his uncle.7.fun的用法构词：funny a d j.有趣的.滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的搭配：make fun o f取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑(just)fbr/in fun=(just)fbr the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说/做着玩的 be full of fun.很好玩 have fun with sb.和某人开一个玩笑 have(some)fun玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心 ITs(great)ftm to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心 What fun(it is)to do sth!干某事多么有趣呀！have a lot of fun doing sth干某事玩得很开心【考例】(200 上海春招)This is not a match.Were play-ing chess just f o r-A.habit B.hobby C.fun D.game 考查目标fun构成的短语for fun的意思。答案与解析C,for fu n常在句中用作状语，意思是“说/做着玩的工8.imagine的用法构词：imagination n.C/U 想像，想像力，想像的事物 imaginat ive a d j.富有想像力的搭配：imagine sth/doing sth beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地(考例】I can hardly imagine Peter_across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(MET 1991)A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed 考查目标imagine的基本用法。答案与解析C imagine后接动词的-in g 形式，本句的Peler是这个动名词的逻辑主语。9.interest 的用法interest v t.使.感兴趣 n.兴趣，爱 好 U 利息；利润 H e has a great interest in pol i t i c s.他对政治极感兴趣。/a broad in te re st广泛的利益/a common in terest共同的利益/a strong interest极强的兴趣构词：interesting令人感兴趣的（事物）interested（某人对某事）有兴趣的搭配：interest sb in s th 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣be interestedi n 对.感兴趣（关心）have an interest in sth./in doing s t h.对某方面有兴趣（关心）；在.中有股份、权益等 hold ones in terest吸引住某人的兴趣 in the interest（s）o f 为.利益;为.起见；对.有利 lose interest in 对.不再感兴趣 show/take（an）interest in/in doing sth.对.表示关心（有兴趣）have/take/feel no interest i n 对.不（不太）感兴趣 withinterest有兴趣地，津津有味地 develop/find/feel interest in sth./in doing sth.在某方面培养/有兴趣 lose interest in sth./in doing sth.对某方面失去兴趣有时 interest 可与不定冠词连用。H e developed an interest in science.另 外:interest 作“爱好”解时,是可数名词。H is interests include reading and tennis.【考例】-,they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one longstory and paid T racy a S 50,000 advance.（2004 全国卷 I I）A.Interested B.AnxiouslyC.S eriously D.Encouraged 考查目标interest派生词的词义和用法。答案与解析A interested指（出版商）对这件事有兴趣。10.prove的用法构词：proof n.证据。试脸，考脸，（印刷）校样搭配：prove sth to s b 向某人证实.prove to sb th a t从句向某人证实.prove（oneself）to b e 证明（自己）是，表现出【考例】It was in the neighboring country-U nited S tates that such resistance to spray was first_（05长春模拟）A.proved B.killed C.thought D.discussed 考查目标考查prove的意思。答案与解析A本题was proved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。11.provide 的用法构词：provider n.供给者，供应者，养 家 者 provided/providing c o n j.倘若搭配：provide sb with sth/sth to sb 给.提供；以.装备【考例】H is son 一一 the old man with al 1 the food and the money he needed.A.provided B.fed C.afforded D.charred 考查目标 考查 provide的词义。答案与解析 A provide与 with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。12.share的用法搭配：share（in）sth.with s t h.和某人分享、分担、共用某物 share sth（out）between/among.将某物分配、分给.share joys/happiness and sorrows（with sb）（和某人）同甘共苦 share ones opinion同意某人的意见【考例】Let H arry play with your toys as well,Clare you must learn t o-（NMET 2000）A.support B.care C.spare D.share 考查目标此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。答案与解析D四个选项的含义分别为：support支持；c a re在意，关心；spare挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让C lare学会与人共享把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息play wi th your toys as we 11 o故D为最佳答案。13.solve的用法构词：solution n.1.C(问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法2.U解答，解 决3.U溶解搭配：the solution t o解决.的办法 考例 3 In the end,one suggestion seems to be the so lu tio n-the problem.(2001 北京春招)A.with B.into C.fbr D.to 考查目标solve名 词solution的相关搭配。答案与解析D 对于的解决办法”，介词用to.14.total n./adj.全部(的)(1)in total 加起来 In total,there must have been 20000 people there.(2)a total of 总共 His expenses(支出)reached a total of$100.(3)the total of.的总数 The total Of the bill is 230 dollars.15.when conj.when并列连词，=and th e n,表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：be doing.when 正在做.突然.I was wandering through the streets when 1 caught sight ofa tailo rs shop.(2)had done.when.刚做了.突然.I had just sat down when the light went out.be about lo do.when.恻要做.突然.I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw meand shouted at me.16.while conj.(1)while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Come on,get these things away while I make the tea.(2)并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而。Some people waste food whi 1 e othershavent enough.(3)放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然“，相当于 although。While we dont agree,we continue to be friendly.牛刀小试1用所给单词的适当形式填空：(compare,interest,fun,solve,argue,consider,share)1.All the novels are considered_ the young readers in the 1980s.(to have interested)2.Bob thought it_ to solve maths problems while others hated it.(fun)3.The headmaster ignored the_ between Mrs.Wang and his nephew,(argument)4.Wc can*t decide.The plan needs to be_.(considered)5.with Class Two,ours has more boy students.(Compared)6.I find a better way_ this problem,(to solve)7.Nearly half of the companies_ the same opinion with the government,(share/shared)【词语比较】1.especially,speciallyespecially adv.特殊地；尤其是(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I 1 ike all the subjects at school,especially E nglish.(尤其是英语)(2)especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I 1 ike the Yuelu Mountains,especial ly in sp rin g.(尤其是在 春 天)Noise is unpleasant,especially when you are trying to sleep.specially侧重特意地、专门地做某事(后面常接for s b.或to do sth.)I made a chocolate cake specially fbr you.2.boring,bored,boreboring adj.令人厌烦的 The book is very boring.bored adj.感到厌烦的 Im bored with the book.bore v t.令人厌烦 This book bores me.有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如:interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人”；过去分词形式，为“感到/3.except for,except,but,besides表示 除了 的词或短语有：except;but;except for;besides;except that(when.)等。(1)except和b u t都表示“除了.之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no,all,nobody,nothing,no one 等词后多用 buto No one knows our teachers address except/but h im.(排除 him)(2)besides 除.之外，还.，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English?(English 与 other languages 都属于 know 的范围)(3)except fb r只不过，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，fo r表示细节上的修正。Yourarticle is well writ ten except for a few spel1ing mistakes.4.know,know of,know about(1)know用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉“。I don t know whether he is here ornot./I know him to be honest.(2)know of和know about的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。5.for example;such as(1)fbrexample“例如，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用 for instance 替换。For example,air is invisible./His spell ing isterrible!Look at this word,for example.(2)such as“例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as 后面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come f rom Lat in,such as French,I tai ianand Spanish.注意 如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that i s或namely。短语归纳1.含a l l的短语1)first of a ll首先(强调顺序)2)in all(=in total=altogether)总共3)after a ll毕竟,终究4)at a ll到底,根本5)above a ll最重要的是(强调重要性)6)not(.)at ail(=not(.)in the least)根本不，一点也不7)all the time 始终，一直8)all of a sudden(=suddenly)突然，冷不防9)all right 行，可以10)all at once 立刘，马上11)all day and all night 日日夜夜12)all over 遍及13)all alone独个儿，独立地14)all b u t几乎，差一点15)all in a ll总的说来16)all together 一道，同时，总共17)for all 尽管 例句I woke up and didnt hear him at a l l.我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/He had so manyfalls that he was black and blue al 1 o v e r,他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/You shouldn,tscold her.After al 1,she is only five years o ld.你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/Chi Idrenneed many things,but above all,they need lo v e.孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/You musthave known it al 1 the t im e.你一定一直知道这事【考例】People may have different opinions about Karen,but I admire her.-,she is a greatmusician.(2004 甘肃、青海)A.After all B.As a result C.In other words D.As usual 考查目标主要考查四个短语的用法。答案与解析A after a l l意为“毕竟.终究“；as a re su lt意为“结果”；in other words意为“换句话说；as usual意为“像往常一样工 本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。【考例】Id like to buy a house-modern,comfortable,and-in a quiet neighborhood.(2004福建)A.in all B.above all C.after all D.at all 考查目标主要考查a l l构成的四个短语。答案与解析B in a ll意为“总共”；above a 11意为“最重要的是“；after a l l意为“毕竟；at a l l意为“到底:本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。2.at all(1)用在肯定句中,竟然Im surprised that you came at al 1.(2)用在否定句中，一点也不There was nothing to worry about at al 1.(3)用在疑问句中，到 底 究 竟 Have you been there at a 11?(4)用在条件句中，“真的,确实 If you do i t at all,do i t well.3.含“be+形 容 词+介词”的短语1)be good at 擅长于2)be interested in 对.感兴趣3)be pleased/satisfied/content with 对.满意4)be famous fbr 因.而出名5)be kind/good to 对.好6)be lost in 沉湎于7)be active in在某方面积极8)be sure about/of 确信9)be afraid of 害怕10)be full of 充满11)be filled with 充满12)be made of/from 由.组成13)be generous to 对.慷慨14)be popular with 受欢迎15)be confident of 确信16)be fbnd o f喜欢，喜爱17)be angry with/at 对.发脾气18)be late for 迟到19)be amazed/surprised/astonished/shocked at 对.感到惊讶20)be busy doing 忙着做.21)be excited about 对.感到兴奋22)be worried about 担心23)be used fbr/as 用于24)be curious about 对.好奇 例句Lin Lin is confident of his abi 1 i ty to get work for h im s e lf.林林确信自己有能力做这活。H e was generous to everybody with money,as a result,he saved l i t t l e.他对谁花钱都很慷 慨,结果没有攒到多少钱。S he is very active in helping the p o o r.在郝助穷人方面，她很热心。Pop musicis popular with the young gen eratio n.流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lost in thought,he didnz t rea 1 izethat I came i n.他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didntknow what to d o.看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。S tudents in S enior 3 are busy preparingfor the coming final e xa m.高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。考 例1 (2005重庆)Y ou know.Bob is a little slow_understanding,so.S o I have to be patient_him.A.in;with B.on;with C.in;to D.at;fbr 考查目标同定搭配中介词的选择。答案与解析A be slow i n意为“在.方面反应迟钝“，be pat ient w ith意为“对.有耐心”。4.end up with.以.结束(1)end up with+n.以.结束T he party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang S ync.(2)end up as 最后成为.H e wi 11 end up as a president some day.(3)end up+地点状语最后(有.结 局)I f you drive your car like that,youll end(up)inhospital.5.umake+名词”短语 make a noise 吵闹 make faces做鬼脸，做苦脸 make room fb r给.腾出地方 make the b e d整理床铺 make phone calls 打电话 make friends with 交朋友 make m oney赚钱 make use o f利用 make a decision做出决定 make a mistake犯错误 例句The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her b ack.老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook.在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。They were moved out to a nearby hotel,to make room fbr more important persons.为 了 给更重要的人物身春出地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。【考例】The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try t o-(2003北京春招)A.make it out B.make it offC.make it up D.make it over 考查目标主要考查make短语。答案与解析A make ouI意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相 make o f f意为“连忙跑掉；make u p意为“弥补、打扮、组成；make o v er意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。【考例】When shall we start?-Lets_it at 8:30.Is that all right?(2002 北京)A.set B.meet C.make D.take 考查目标此题主要考查make短语.答案与解析C make it“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点 半:s e t意思是“对时间”、“调时间:6.make fire 点、火有以下fire(n.)短语：be on f i r e着火了(表示状态)/catch f i r e燃着；着火(表示动作)/playwith fire 玩火；干冒险的事/Set sth.on fire=set fire to s t h.放火烧./make(a)fire 点火；生 火/start(cause)a f ir e引起火灾 注意fire作“火灾 一堆火”解时，为可数名词。7.a great/good many 许多(1)a great/good many+名词复数，中间无“of”。A great many people have seen the film.(2)a great/good many+of+the/these/those/ones+名词复数 A great many of the people have seen thef i Im.8.make yourself at home 别拘束(1)make yourself at home 别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语)一Good evening,J im.Good evening,Mary.Come in and make yourself at home.(2)(all)by oneself 独自(没有别人帮助)You cant possibly do i t al 1 by yourself.(3)enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得高兴 Please enjoy yourself while youre spending yourhoiiday in Hawai i.(4)fbroneself 亲自；为自己 The student wants to think it for himself./One should not live foroneself