SCI论文写作技巧与注意事项.pdf

1 SCI论文写作技巧与注意事项 发表文章的重要性 Publish or perish（发表（发表或者或者灭亡）灭亡）科研成果：如果没有发表，就等于不曾存在；科研人员：没有论著发表，职业生涯将难以为继 文章不是万能的，但文章不是万能的，但没有文章是没有文章是万万不能万万不能的的 2 稿件处理流程 3 如何了解本领域TOP期刊 4 网址：http:/admin- 食品领域Top20期刊 5 建立个人文献库 6 放在文献库里的文章必须自己看过，挑选过的。优先采用欧美作者文章 把暂时不知道分类的文章放在inbox文件夹，定期整理分类。用光速搜索快速搜索文献名 7 使用PDF阅读器进行文献内部检索 8 9 避免重复 10 Report Assert,argue,believe,commit to the idea,show,conclude,discover,learn,state,note,observed,drawn attention to the fact,As X points out,that“a,an,the”的用法 11 上文提到过的人或事：He bought a house.Ive been to the house.用在序数词（first，second）和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面 用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国“a,an,the”的快速检查方法 12 避免使用长句子 一般一个句子超过60个单词就可定义为长句子 简短的句子更能强调句子的含义,句子越长读者越难判断句中哪部分最重要。13 The trend that the pH values decreased significantly(P 0.05)initially and then increased was observed for both raw and salted treatments during the 72 h storage at 3,with the initial value of 7.150.05 and 7.200.03 respectively,which were similar to salmon whose initial pH value was 7.1-7.2 reported by Bjrlykke et al.(2011),but higher than channel catfish 6.6(Silva et al.,1993),and sea bream 6.12(Goulas et al.,2004).避免冗长和累赘 Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease.It is generally accepted in the field of medicine that rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease.找出最重要的信息，然后省略掉不重要的。14 http:/ 避免冗长和累赘 多余的词和短语是对其他的词和短语的过度修饰。例：High pH values have been observed to occur in areas that have been determined to have few pine trees.修改：High pH values occur in areas with few pine trees.15 避免冗长和累赘 下列单词在文中毫无意义，可以并应该予以省略：actually,basically,essentially,fairly,much,really,practically,quite,rather,several,very,virtually 下列括号中的词均属多余，应予省略:(already)existing,at(the)present(time),(basic)fundamentals,blue(in color),cold(temperature),(completely)eliminate,(currently)underway,each(individual),each and every 二选其一,(end)result,estimated(roughly)at,(final)out come,first(and foremost),(future)plans,(main)essentials,never(before),period(of time),reason is(because),(still)persists,(true)facts 16 http:/ 17 Correct：Nano ZnO was more toxic than other nanomaterials,regardless of the nanoparticle size.Incorrect：Regardless of the nanoparticle size,nano ZnO was more toxic than other nanomaterials.Bring the main idea to the beginning of the sentence stating any locations,reasons,time,etc.,afterwards.重要的内容放在句首 Owing to,according to,based on,when 重要的内容放在句首 Incorrect：Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model,the extended STL format is described in this section.4 Correct：The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.Incorrect：When U is taken as the control parameter,the BDs are shown in Fig.8.Correct：Figure 8 shows the BDs when U is taken as the control parameter.18 In this paper,in this study勿滥用 在以下两种情况下使用：在引言和结论部分，强调文章的内容 在文章其他部分参照作者未完成的工作，如在其他杂志文章或标准里。19 阿拉伯数字的使用 1.句首不要用阿拉伯数字 2.描述一般量的信息不要用阿拉伯数字 Incorrect：12 parameters were selected for the experiment.Correct：Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.Incorrect：All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30C.Correct：All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30C.20 Figure and Table的使用 Incorrect：Figure.6,Figure6,Fig.6,Tbl10 Correct：Figure 6,Fig.6,Table 10,Tbl.10 21 This，these的用法 22“this，these”必须紧接着一个名词一起使用。”必须紧接着一个名词一起使用。避免避免指代不明指代不明 改前：If a specimen is frozen in a bath containing dry ice and acetone,the water of the cell can be removed by sublimation to prevent damage to the cell.This is commonly used for preservation of cultures.改后：If a specimen is frozen in a bath containing dry ice and acetone,the water of the cell can be removed by sublimation to prevent damage to the cell.This technique is commonly used for preservation of cultures.避免名词堆砌 当名词一个紧接一个出现时，让人很难判断它们彼此间的关系，以及这一组词到底表达什么意思。例：cultured rat tracheal endothelial cells（小鼠气管内皮培养细胞）正确表达：cultures of endothelial cells from the tracheas of rats 23 http:/ 优先使用动词 动词会使文章充满活力与力量动词会使文章充满活力与力量，相反，如果以名词表述动作，动词就会被埋没、削弱，句子则显得晦涩、冗长。例 1：Their suggestion for us was a different analysis of the data.修改：They suggested that we analyze the data differently.例2：An increase in temperature occurred.修改：Temperature increased.24 http:/ 读者/编辑对英文句子的期望 Readers expect familiar information at the beginning of a sentence 传递信息要先旧后新 每次开始写一句话的时候先问自己你所陈述的概念前文是否有解释。修改前：Samples for 2-dimensional projection of kinetic trajectories are shown in Figure 7.The coil states are loosely gathered while the native states can form a black cluster with extreme high density in 2-dimensional projection plane.修改后：Kinetic trajectories are projected onto xx and yy variables in Figure 7.This figure shows two populated states.One orresponds to the loosely gathered coil states while the other is the native state with a high density.25 读者/编辑对英文句子的期望 Macular degeneration is affected by diet.One of the diet components that influences the progression of macular degeneration is vitamin B6.Although vitamin B6 seems to reduce the risk of macular degeneration,it may have some side effects.26 http:/ 读者/编辑对英文句子的期望 Readers expect the action verb（行为动词）immediately after the subject（主语）主语之后立马接行为动词，避免句子头重脚轻，理想的英文句子结构：短主语+紧接行为动词+长宾语。改前：A freshness index called the global stablity index(GSI)applicable to follow the variation of multi-quality indices of bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)heads during different temperatures storage was evaluated.改后：we evaluated a freshness index called the global stablity index(GSI)applicable to follow the variation of multi-quality indices of bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)heads during different temperatures storage 27 论文引用的几种写法 信息强调型信息强调型（在（在Introduction使用较多）使用较多）Shrinking markets are also evident in other areas.The wool industry is experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibres(Smith 2000).被引作者强调型被引作者强调型（在讨论部分使用较多）（在讨论部分使用较多）（1）Shrinking markets are also evident in other areas.As Smith(2000)pointed out,the wool industry is experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibres.28 论文引用的几种写法 （2）Shrinking markets are also evident in other areas.Smith(2000)argued that the wool industry was experiencing difficulties related to falling demand worldwide since the development of high-quality synthetic fibres.However,Jones et al.(2004)found that industry difficulties were more related to quality of supply than to demand issues.It is clear that considerable disagreement exists about the underlying sources of these problems.该引用方法一般用在表示对被引内容持怀疑态度。该引用方法一般用在表示对被引内容持怀疑态度。29 论文引用的几种写法 弱被引作者强调型弱被引作者强调型（在（在Introduction使用较多使用较多）Several authors have reported that the wool industry is experiencing difficulties related to falling demand since the development of high-quality synthetic fibres(Smith 2000,Wilson 2003,Nguyen 2005).For example,Smith(2000)highlighted.30 Tips 不要在句首使用缩略词缩略词，如Fig.不要写by this way.用 by doing this,or using this method代替 不要在句首写 How to，如How to find the optimal parameter is the main objective 尽量少用obviously，用significantly代替 避免过多使用that is to say 和 namely.不要在句尾写“too”数字和单位之间要有空格，不同单位之间也需要空格。如10mmolm-2s-1 should be 10 mmol m-2 s-1 31 结语 Write,rewrite,and rewrite again.No one gets it right the first time.32 参考文献 1.如何提高文章被发表的机会，任胜利，中国科学杂志社 2.http:/ 3.Preparing your results for publication,Hans Lambers,School of Plant Biology,The University of Western Australia 4.How to Write a World Class Paper,From title to references From submission to revision,September 2009,Elsevier 5.Writing Scientific Research Articles:Strategy and Steps,Margaret Cargill and Patrick OConnor 6.How to Prepare Scientific Publications,Baoshan Xing,http:/www.accch.org/7.How to write a paper for Chemical Engineering Science,Prof.Anton Middelberg BE(Hons),MA,PhD,FTSE,FIChemE 33