[中考英语]新目标八年级英语下重点词组及语法专项复习_外语学习-语法 .pdf

八年级（下）重点短语及句型总汇 Unit 1 Will people have robots 1.fewer people 更少的人（fewer 修饰名词复数，表示否定）2.less free time 更少的空闲时间（less 修饰不可数名词，表示否定）3.in ten years 10年后（in 的时间短语用于将来时，提问用 How soon）4.fall in love with 爱上 例：When I met Mr.Xu for the first time,I fell in love with him at once 5.live alone 单独居住 6.feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along 等）The girl walked alone along the street,but she didnt feel lonely 那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独 7.keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪 8.fly to the moon 飞上月球 9.hundreds of+复数 数百/几百（概数，类似还有 thousands of;millions of）10.the same as 和 相同 11.wake up 醒来（wake sb.up 表示“唤醒某人”)12.A be different from B A 与 B 不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)13.get bored 变得厌倦（get/become 是连系动词，后跟形容词如 tired/angry/excited 等）14.go skating 去滑冰（类似还有 go hiking/fishing/skating/bike riding 等）15.lots of/a lot of 许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）16.at the weekends 在周末 17.study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习 18.agree with sb.同意某人(的意见)I dont agree.=I disagree.我不同意 19.on a piece of paper 在一张纸上（注意 paper/information/news/work/homework/housework 等常考到的不可数名词）20.on vacation 度假 21.help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 22.many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼 23.live in an apartment 住在公寓里 24.live on the twelfth floor 住在 12楼 25.live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路 332号 26.as a reporter 作为一名记者 27.look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明 28.Are you kidding?你在骗我吗 29.in the future 在将来/在未来 30.no more=notanymore 不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）31.no longer=notany longer 不再（强调状态不再发生）32.besides（除 之外还，包括）与 except=but（除 之外，不包括）33.be able to 与 can 能、会（be able to 用于各种时态，而 can 只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to 用于各种时态，而 must 只能用于一般现在时态）例如：1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages.（不可以用 can）2.had to stay at home/will have to（不可以用 must）34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤 35.be in college 在上大学 36.live on a space station 住在空间站 37.dress casually 穿得很随意 38.casual clothing 休闲服饰 39.win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯40.win award 获奖 e true 变成现实 42.take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间 43.be fun to watch 看起来有趣 44.over and over again 一次又一次 45.be in different shapes 形状不同 46.twenty years from now 今后 20年 本单元目标句型：What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.fewer；less 表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more 二者都可以修饰。Will kids go to school?No,they wont/Yes,they will。Predicting the future can be difficult.I need to look smart for my job interview.I will be able to dress more casually.I think Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation,and one day I might even visit Australia.What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?That may not seem possible now,but computers,space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.本单元语法讲解 一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：1.含 tomorrow;next 短语；2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do 6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb.will do 7.在时间/条件状语从句中,如果从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时 8.another day 比较 be going to 与 will:1.be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.2.be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill.He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.3.be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to,而多用 will,如：If any beasts comes at you,Ill stay with you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分 be going to 与 will 了。一般将来时常见的标志词 1.含 tomorrow;next 短语；2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.祈使句句型中：or/and sb.will do 例 Be quick,or you will be late=If you dont be quick,you will be late 6.在时间/条件状语从句中,如果从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时 Unit 2 What should I do?1.too loud 太大声 2.out of style 过时的 3.in style 流行的 4.call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.给.打电话 5.enough money 足够的钱(enough 修饰名词时不必后置)6.busy enough 够忙(enough 修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)7.a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票 注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem.此处几个短语不能用 of 表示所有格 8.talk about 谈论 9.on the phone 用电话 10.pay for 付款 11.spendon+sth.=spend.(in)doing sth.在 花钱 12.It takes sb.sometime to do sth.某人做某事花 的时间 13.borrowfrom 从.借(借进来)14.lendto 把 借给（借出去）15.buy sth for sb 为 买东西 16.You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。（不用 borrow 或 lend）17.tell sb to do/not to do sth.sth 告诉某人做某事 18.find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白 19.want sb.to do sth.=would like sb.to do 想某人做某事 20.play ones stereo 放录象 21.fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格 22.fail in(doing)sth 在.上失败,变弱 23.succeed in(doing)sth 在.方面成功 24.write sb a letter/write to sb.给某人写信 25.surprise sb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）26.to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是.27.to ones joy 使某人高兴的是.28.look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）29.get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）30.ask sb.for 寻求/向某人要某物 31.have a bake sale 卖烧烤 32.argue with sb=have an argument with sb.与某人争吵 33.have a fight with sb.=fight with 与某人打架 34.drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去 35.prepare for=get ready for 为 做准备 36.after-school clubs(activities)课外俱乐部（活动）37.fill up 填补；装满 be full of 装满 38.return sth.to sb.=give sth.back to sb.把某物归还给某人 39.get on/along well with 与 相处很好 40.all kinds of 各种各样 41.as much as possible=as much as you can 尽可能多 42.take part in=join in 参加（某种活动/集会）43.a bit=a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）44.a bit of=a little 一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）45.be angry with 生 的气 46.by oneself=on ones own 某人自己/独自地 47.on the one hand 一方面 48.on the other hand 另一方面 49.I find/feel/think it difficult to do.我发现/感到/认为做某事很难.50.see/hear/watch sb.doing sth.看到/听见/注视某人正在做 51.notuntil 直到 才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）52.表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:be/become+upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed 说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.53 radio advice program 电台提建议的节目 54 be original 新颖的 55.leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某处 56 sports clothes 运动服 57.the same age as=as old as 和-年龄一样 58.the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子 plain about(doing sth)抱怨、60.take their children from activity to activity 带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动 61.try to do sth,尽量干某事 try doing sth 试着干某事 62.be under too much pressure 压力太大 63.a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈 64.take part in after-school clubs 参加课后俱乐部 pepition starts from a very young age 竞争从很小年纪就开始了 parewith 和-比较 67.organized activities 有组织的活动 本单元目标句型：1.Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter?2.What should I do?我该怎么办 3.You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信.You should say sorry to him.你应该给他道歉.4.They shouldnt argue.他们不应该争吵.J 5.Why dont you talk to him about it?=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=What/How about talking to him about it.=Youd better talk to him about it.6.The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.7.Activities include sports,language learning,music and math classes.Thirty people,including six children(six children included),went to visit the factory.8.People shouldnt push their children so hard.9.Parents are trying to plan their kids lives for them.When these kids are adults,they might find t difficu lt to plan things for themselves.Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1.be busy with sth/be busy doing sth 忙于某事 2.get out of 从 出来 3.walk down the street 沿着街走 4.at around ten oclock 在大约 10点钟 5.an unusual experience 一个不寻常的经历 6.take a shower 洗澡 7.on ones way to 在某人去 的路上 8.As a country tercher 作为一名乡村教师 9.hurt ones feeling 伤害某人的感情 10.take off 飞机起飞；脱下衣服 11.go after=follow 跟随 12.begin to do sth 开始去做某事 13.take photos 照相 14.in/on a tree 在树上(in 指不是长于树上的,on 指树上本身有的)15.Think about=think of 考虑;对 的看法 16.run away 逃跑 17.get a letter from sb 收到某人的来信 18.on the morning of Apirl 20 在四月二十日的早晨(在具体的日期前用 on)19.a t the doctors 在医务室（在诊所，家，理发店等地方时不用写出地点）20.have English class 上英语课 21.heard about 听说 22.ask sb(not)to do sth 让某人（不）做某事 23.take place=happen 发生 24.tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事 25.have fun doing sth 做某事很快乐 26.remember to do sth 记得要去做某事 Remember doing sth 记得做过某事 27.all over the world 遍及全世界 28.in front of 在 的前面(指两个物体,一个在另一个前方)29.In the front of 在 的前部分(在同一空间内的前部分)30.help sb with sth 在某一方面帮助某人 都可以修饰更少的空闲时间修饰不可数名词表示否定年后的时间短语用于将来时提问用爱上例单独居住感到孤独比较等那女孩独自沿着街道走但她并不感到孤独养一头宠物猪飞上月球复数数百几百概数类似还有本单元语和相同醒来 在周末在家通过电脑学习同意某人的意我不同意在一张纸上注意等常考到的不可数名词度假帮助某人做某事许多不同种金鱼住在公寓里住在楼住在上海路号作为一名记者显得精神看起来聪明你在骗我吗在将来在未来不再强调多次发 时态和一般过去时态中用于各种时态而只能用于一般现在时态例如不可以用不可以用大而且拥挤在上大学住在空间站穿得很随意休闲服饰赢得世界杯获奖变成现实花几百年的时间看起来有趣一次又一次形状不同今后年本单元目标句重点句型 1.The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.当 UFO 着路的时候，这个男孩正沿着街走。2 While the boy was walking down the street,the UFO landed.当 UFO 着路的时候，这个男孩正沿着街走。When/while 都有“当 时”之意，引导时间状语从句。短暂性谓语动词的句子用一般过去时 1.What were you doing at 7：009：00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上 7点到九点你正在做什么?态，延续性动词用过去进行时态。本单元语法 1.过去进行时态 用法:指在过去某一时间点或时间段内主语正在做某事.在此种时态中常出现的时间性短语包括:at that/this time yesterday；at 5：006：00 yesterday morning 句子结构：肯定句：主语+was/were+V-ing+否定句：主语+was/were not+V-ing+一般疑问句：was/were+主语+V-ing+？特殊疑问句：when/what/who/+was/were+主语+V-ing+？2 感叹句：用法：表示一种惊讶，赞叹，吃惊的感情色彩。句子结构：How+adj（形容词）+主语+谓语 1)这个电影太有趣了！2)那个小女孩如此的聪明！What+a/an+adj+n+主语+谓语 1)今天的天气真是太晴朗了！2)这种花的颜色真鲜艳啊！3几种“到达”的表示方法：arrive/reach/get to 1)Arrive 是不及物动词，后面要加宾语中间需要加介词 in/at.Arrive in 指到达国家,城市等大地方,arrive at 指到达车站,办公室,家等小的地点.2)reach 是及物动词,后面可直接加宾语。如：reach home 3)get 也为不及物动词，后面加介词 to 再加宾语。本单元需掌握的几个不规则动词：meet met（遇见，遇到）run ran（跑）ride rode（骑车）see saw（看见）get got（得到，获得）think thought（想，认为）take took（带着，拿着）say said（说）Unit 4 He said I was hard-working 单元重点 1.every Saturday 每周六 2.first of all 首先 3.bothand 两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）4.neither.nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）5.most of 绝大多数 6.an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周 7.agree on something 同意某人的计划；对.取得 一致意见 8.agree to do sth.答应/同意做 9.pass on(to）传递 10.be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求做.11.be mad at 对 疯狂/生气 12.do better in=be better at 在.方面做得更好 13.be in good health 身体健康 14.report card 成绩单 15.sound/feel/smell/taste/look 是连系动词，一般只能跟 adj.做表语 16.sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like 听起来像/感觉像/闻起来像/尝起来像/看起来像 17.get over 克服；恢复；原谅 18.open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露 19.care for 照料；照顾；意愿；计较 20.have a(surprise)party for sb.为某人举行一次（惊喜）聚会 21.end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试 22.not-anymore 不再 23.do a home project 做作业 24.be surprisedhappyexcited to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动 25.be get nervous 感到紧张 26.have a very hard time with.在-日子不好过 27.an disappointing result 令人失望的结果 28.take leave a message 捎（留）个口信 29.have a big fight 30.it is a good idea for sb.to do sth 31.to teach in Chinas rural areas 32.feel lucky 33.people who need help 需要帮助的人 34.something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事 35.there is no difference betweenand.在。和。之间没有区别 36.fortunately 本单元目标句型：转述他人话语:What did sb.say?He said I She said sheThey said 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr.Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr.Xu said(that)the earth turns around the sun.许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.许老师说欧洋正在做作业 Mr.Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr.Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English,Im better at reading than listening.情况怎样？Hows it going?她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didnt want to b e my best friend anymore.I said it would start a bad habit,and that she would do her own work.Thats about all the news I have now.Mum and Dad send their love.都可以修饰更少的空闲时间修饰不可数名词表示否定年后的时间短语用于将来时提问用爱上例单独居住感到孤独比较等那女孩独自沿着街道走但她并不感到孤独养一头宠物猪飞上月球复数数百几百概数类似还有本单元语和相同醒来 在周末在家通过电脑学习同意某人的意我不同意在一张纸上注意等常考到的不可数名词度假帮助某人做某事许多不同种金鱼住在公寓里住在楼住在上海路号作为一名记者显得精神看起来聪明你在骗我吗在将来在未来不再强调多次发 时态和一般过去时态中用于各种时态而只能用于一般现在时态例如不可以用不可以用大而且拥挤在上大学住在空间站穿得很随意休闲服饰赢得世界杯获奖变成现实花几百年的时间看起来有趣一次又一次形状不同今后年本单元目标句She said helping others changed her life.Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not like fun to you.The Peking University graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program.Life in the mountains was a new experience for Lang Lei.Her village was 2,000metere above the sea level,and at first the thin air made her feel sick.Young people today need to experience different things Some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage.I can open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.She said she likes being a good influence in the childrens lives.She now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of Pingliang,Gansu Province.You are at Bs house working on a homework project.You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it,but A didnt come to the bus stop.A calls you with a message for C.Pass on the message,and then give Cs answer to A.What are some things that happen on soap operas?本单元语法讲解 直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。1.时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词 said，asked 等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如：Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”She asked Jack where he had been.He said,“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his.（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由 that 引导，可以省略。“I want the blue one.”he told us.“我想要兰色的。”他说。He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。She said to me,“You cant do anything now.”她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。”She told me that I couldnt do anything then.她对我说那时我无法做任何事。2.疑问句的间接引语 直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用 ask,wonder,want to know 等间接疑问句一般有三种：(1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由 whether 或 if 引导。如：“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked.“他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?”The old man asked.那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。(2).特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。如：“Which room do you live in?”He asked.“你住哪个房间？”他问我。He asked me which room I lived in.他问我住哪个房间。“What do you think of the film?”She asked.她问“你怎么看这部电影？”She asked her friend what she thoug ht of the film 她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。(3).选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由 whether/if or 引导。如：“Is it your bike or Toms?Mum asked.妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?”Kate asked.“你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。3.祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用 tell，ask，order，beg，request，order 等，而把直接祈使句变成带 to 的不定式短语。如：Jack said,“Please come to my house tomorrow,Ma ry.”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。The teacher said to the students,”Stop talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。”The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。“Dont touch anything.”He said.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。都可以修饰更少的空闲时间修饰不可数名词表示否定年后的时间短语用于将来时提问用爱上例单独居住感到孤独比较等那女孩独自沿着街道走但她并不感到孤独养一头宠物猪飞上月球复数数百几百概数类似还有本单元语和相同醒来 在周末在家通过电脑学习同意某人的意我不同意在一张纸上注意等常考到的不可数名词度假帮助某人做某事许多不同种金鱼住在公寓里住在楼住在上海路号作为一名记者显得精神看起来聪明你在骗我吗在将来在未来不再强调多次发 时态和一般过去时态中用于各种时态而只能用于一般现在时态例如不可以用不可以用大而且拥挤在上大学住在空间站穿得很随意休闲服饰赢得世界杯获奖变成现实花几百年的时间看起来有趣一次又一次形状不同今后年本单元目标句 He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。4.动词时态和代词等的变动(1).某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：直接引语 间接引语 today that day now then,at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday tw