精选备考高考题库《阅读理解(19)》_中学教育-高考.pdf

精选备考高考题库阅读理解（19）（含详解）：精选阅读试题，适合高三第一轮复习使用，希望对大家有帮助。第一周 On the afternoon of September 27,2008，astronaut Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese man to walk in space on Saturday，clambering(攀爬)out of China s Shenzhou VII spacecraft in a technological feat(成就)that made the Chinese people excited.“Im feeling quite well.I greet the Chinese people and the people of the world，”Zhai said as he climbed out of the craft at around 16 40 Beijing time，a historic achievement telecast live on CCTV.Tens of millions of Chinese viewers gathered before TV screens to watch the moment.Chinese President Hu Jintao and other top leaders had appeared at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center to watch the live transmission of Zhais space walk.Zhai,42，chosen by an expert team for the first“out of capsule activity，”showed a red national flag，helped by colleague Liu Boming，who also briefly popped his head out of the capsule.Zhai slowly made his way towards a test sample of solid lubricant(润滑剂)outside the capsule，took a sample and handed it to Liu.Zhai safely returned inside the craft after about 20 minutes.The walk marked the highpoint of China s third manned space journey，which has received widespread media coverage.Zhai wore a$4.4 million Chinese-made suit weighing 120 kg.Liu wore a Russian-made one and acted as an assistant.The third crew member，Jing Haipeng，monitored the ship from inside the re-entry module.The risky maneuver is a step towards Chinas longerterm goal of building a space lab and then a larger space station，analysts said.“On this flight，Chinese peoples footprints will be left in space for the first time，”said a commentary by the Xinhua news agency.The astronauts went aboard on their walk after receiving a clean bill of health from doctors on the ground at mission control in Beijing，Xinhua said.Zhais suit has 10 layers and takes up to 15 hours to assemble and put on.Chinas first manned spaceflight was in 2003.A second，two-manned flight followed in 2005.The only other countries that have sent people into space are Russia and the United States.Shenzhou VII took off on Thursday and is due to land on the northern steppes(草原)of Inner Mongolia on Sunday.1 The space walk done by the Chinese astronaut was historic because _.A it was telecast live B there were more Chinese viewers than ever C it was the first space walk carried out by Chinese astronauts D top leaders watched the space walk 2 The following statements are true EXCEPT _.A the lubricant put outside the capsule was a test sample B it took Zhai Zhigang about 20 minutes to return to the craft safely C many televisions and newspapers around the world reported the event D there is an aerospace control center in the capital 剂草原解题导语年月日中国神舟七号顺利升空日中国宇航员翟志刚穿着中国人自己研制的飞天宇航服进行了太空行走这次舱外活动是中国航天事业的又一里程碑解析细节理解题由文章第一句结合倒数第五段可知答案答案解析细节理 由文章可知太空行走的重大意义在于分析家在倒数第六段的阐释答案解析词义猜测题由航天员之前的动作可知在文中的意思为健康的好的答案解析主旨大意题综合全文内容项标题概括性强能全面反映本文的中心思想答案第二周压碎 里而则竭尽全力救助解析细节推断题由文章的第三段第一句话可推断出答案解析细节推断题根据文章的第三段最后一句话利用排除法答案解析细节理解题根据文章第五段第二句话撕下自己的衬衫用它来扑灭双腿上的火焰答案解析词3 The significance of the space walk is that _.A the astronaut can work outside the spacecraft B it marks a successful step towards Chinas longerterm goal of building a space lab as well as a space station C it has attracted tens of millons of people to watch the walk D the Chinese-made space suit can be used in space 4 What does the underlined word“clean”mean in the passage?A Healthy.B Paid-off.C Not dirty.D Clear.5 The best title of the passage is _.A First Footprints of Chinese People in Space B Expensive Space Suit C Three Successful Manned Flights by Chinese Astronauts D Historic Space Walk by Chinese Astronaut【解题导语】2008 年 9 月 25 日，中国“神舟七号”顺利升空，27 日，中国宇航员翟 志刚穿着中国人自己研制的“飞天”宇航服进行了太空行走。这次舱外活动是中国航 天事业的又一里程碑。1解析：细节理解题。由文章第一句 astronaut Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese man to walk in space on Saturday 结合倒数第五段可知答案。答案：C 2 解析：细节理解题。由文章第六段的 Zhai safely returned inside the craft after about 20 minutes 可知，翟志刚在舱外活动 20 分钟后返回舱内，并非返回时用了 20 分钟，因此 B项错误。答案：B 3解析：推理判断题。由文章可知，太空行走的重大意义在于分析家在倒数第六段的阐 释。剂草原解题导语年月日中国神舟七号顺利升空日中国宇航员翟志刚穿着中国人自己研制的飞天宇航服进行了太空行走这次舱外活动是中国航天事业的又一里程碑解析细节理解题由文章第一句结合倒数第五段可知答案答案解析细节理 由文章可知太空行走的重大意义在于分析家在倒数第六段的阐释答案解析词义猜测题由航天员之前的动作可知在文中的意思为健康的好的答案解析主旨大意题综合全文内容项标题概括性强能全面反映本文的中心思想答案第二周压碎 里而则竭尽全力救助解析细节推断题由文章的第三段第一句话可推断出答案解析细节推断题根据文章的第三段最后一句话利用排除法答案解析细节理解题根据文章第五段第二句话撕下自己的衬衫用它来扑灭双腿上的火焰答案解析词答案：B 4解析：词义猜测题。由航天员之前的动作可知 clean 在文中的意思为“健康的，好的”。答案：A 5解析：主旨大意题。综合全文内容，D 项标题概括性强，能全面反映本文的中心思想。答案：D 第二周 It was near dusk,and Kim Cooper and her husband,Steve,were trucking through northern Kentucky transporta tion auto parts from Louisville to Detroit for a goods company.“Steve,wake up！”she shouted.“Theres a truck on fire！”Inside the burning truck,Ronnie Sanders,38,was fighting for his life.Hed been running a heavy load of tractors and forklifts from Georgia to Indianapolis when a van in front of him stopped suddenly in traffic on the icy road.As Ronnie bore down,he could see children in the backseat.The trucks bulk would probably protect him from the worst of the impact,but the force of 23 tons would likely crush(压碎)everyone inside the van.“I figured instead of killing other people,Id just put the truck in the ditch.”At the bottom,rocks cut a fuel tank,which caught fire.A tree branch destroyed the windshield and knocked Ronnie unconscious.He came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cabin flames and his legs on fire.Steve dashed to Ronnie,who was hanging headfirst from the passenger door.Ronnie had used his pocket knife to cut himself free from the drivers side seat belt only to get his boot trapped in another one.Steve climbed into the burning cab to free him.He tried three times to pull Ronnie out before finally freeing him.But Ronnies legs were still 剂草原解题导语年月日中国神舟七号顺利升空日中国宇航员翟志刚穿着中国人自己研制的飞天宇航服进行了太空行走这次舱外活动是中国航天事业的又一里程碑解析细节理解题由文章第一句结合倒数第五段可知答案答案解析细节理 由文章可知太空行走的重大意义在于分析家在倒数第六段的阐释答案解析词义猜测题由航天员之前的动作可知在文中的意思为健康的好的答案解析主旨大意题综合全文内容项标题概括性强能全面反映本文的中心思想答案第二周压碎 里而则竭尽全力救助解析细节推断题由文章的第三段第一句话可推断出答案解析细节推断题根据文章的第三段最后一句话利用排除法答案解析细节理解题根据文章第五段第二句话撕下自己的衬衫用它来扑灭双腿上的火焰答案解析词burning,so Steve laid him on the ground,ripped off his own shirt,and beat the flames with it.Hed managed to drag him about 20 yards when one of the trucks 150 gallon fuel tanks exploded.Both Steve and Ronnie paid a price for risking their lives for strangers.Ronnie spent two months in the hospital and received skin grafts on both of his legs.Steve suffered smoke breathing and minor burns,and shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth.In February,the Coopers received a Hero of the Highway award from the Open Road Foundation for rescuing an injured driver.Steve insists Ronnie is the real hero:“If he hadnt gone into the ditch,he would have hit th at van.It was his decision to drive off the road.”“I feel pretty good about it，”says Ronnie.“A lot of people could have been hurt.”解读：本文为记叙文，主要讲述了 the Coopers 途中遇到 Ronnie 开的大卡车着火了；Ronnie为了不造成更大的伤害，不顾自身的安危，将卡车开进水沟里，而 Steve 则竭尽全力救助Ronnie。1.According to the passage,Ronnies putting the truck in the ditch con tributes to_.A.his concern for his own safety B.his poor driving skill C.the icy road D.his concern for others lives 解析 细节推断题。由文章的第三段第一句话“I figured instead of killing other people，Id just put the truck in the ditch.”可推断出。答案 D 2.What probably made Ronnie come to life after driving the truck in the ditch?A.The noise from the highway.B.The call from the Coopers.C.The pain from the burning legs.D.The heat of the fire.解析 细节推断题。根据文章的第三段最后一句话 He came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cab in flames and his legs on fire.利用排除法。答案 C 3.How did Steve put out the flames in Ronnies legs?剂草原解题导语年月日中国神舟七号顺利升空日中国宇航员翟志刚穿着中国人自己研制的飞天宇航服进行了太空行走这次舱外活动是中国航天事业的又一里程碑解析细节理解题由文章第一句结合倒数第五段可知答案答案解析细节理 由文章可知太空行走的重大意义在于分析家在倒数第六段的阐释答案解析词义猜测题由航天员之前的动作可知在文中的意思为健康的好的答案解析主旨大意题综合全文内容项标题概括性强能全面反映本文的中心思想答案第二周压碎 里而则竭尽全力救助解析细节推断题由文章的第三段第一句话可推断出答案解析细节推断题根据文章的第三段最后一句话利用排除法答案解析细节理解题根据文章第五段第二句话撕下自己的衬衫用它来扑灭双腿上的火焰答案解析词A.He beat the flames with Ronnies shirt.B.He beat the flames with his own shirt.C.He put out the fire with a tank of water.D.He put out the fire with a bag of sand.解析 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句话，Steve 撕下自己的衬衫，用它来扑灭(Ronnie双腿上的)火焰。答案 B 4.What does the underlined word“shrapnel”in Paragraph 6 mean?A.A branch of a tree.B.A small piece of metal.C.A wave of the explosion.D.The heat of the explosion.解析 词义猜测题。根据下文 shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth 可知是“油箱爆炸产生的金属片打碎了一颗牙”。答案 B 5.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A.Heroes:The Coopers B.Heroes:Roadside Flames C.Accidents on the Icy Road D.Accidents in the Ditch 解析 确定文章标题。综观全文，A，C，D 三项不够全面；而 B 项即表明事故，也表明了事故中竭力营救他人的英雄。答案 B Astronauts aboard the space station Celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water that condenses from exhaled air.They said“cheers”，clicked drinking bags and toasted NASA workers on the ground who were sipping their own version of recycled drinking water.剂草原解题导语年月日中国神舟七号顺利升空日中国宇航员翟志刚穿着中国人自己研制的飞天宇航服进行了太空行走这次舱外活动是中国航天事业的又一里程碑解析细节理解题由文章第一句结合倒数第五段可知答案答案解析细节理 由文章可知太空行走的重大意义在于分析家在倒数第六段的阐释答案解析词义猜测题由航天员之前的动作可知在文中的意思为健康的好的答案解析主旨大意题综合全文内容项标题概括性强能全面反映本文的中心思想答案第二周压碎 里而则竭尽全力救助解析细节推断题由文章的第三段第一句话可推断出答案解析细节推断题根据文章的第三段最后一句话利用排除法答案解析细节理解题根据文章第五段第二句话撕下自己的衬衫用它来扑灭双腿上的火焰答案解析词The recycling system is needed for astronaut stations on the moon and Mars.It also will save NASA money because it won t have to ship up as much water to the station by space shuttle or cargo rockets.Besides,it s important as the space station is about to expand from three people living on board to six.The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November by space shuttle Endeavour,but it couldn t be used until samples were tested back on Earth.So when it came time to actually drink up,NASA made a big deal of it.The three man crew stood,holding their drinks and congratulated engineers in two NASA centers that worked on the system.“This is something that had been the stuff of science fiction，”Barratt said before taking a small mouthful.“The taste is worth trying.”NASA deputy space shuttle manager LeRoy Cain called it“a huge milestone”The new system takes the combined urine of the crew from the toilet,moves it to a big tank,where the water is boiled off,and the vapor is collected.The rest of the urine is thrown away.The water vapor is mixed with water from air condensation,and then it goes through filters.When six crew members are aboard it can make about six gallons from urine in about six hours.“Some people may find the idea of drinking recycled urine distast eful,but it is also done on Earth with a lot longer time between urine and the tap”said Marybeth Edeen,the space stations national lab manager.The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami,Edeen said.“We are happy to have this water work through the system we re happy to have it work through our systems，”Barratt said.语篇解读 本文讲的是国际空间站宇航员试饮尿液循环水。1 According to the text,the recycling system is important because_.A.it makes traveling to the moon for the common person possible B.with it NASA won t need to ship any water up to the space station C.it can help to meet the need for more water after the crew are expanded D.it protects the environment in space by reducing the amount of waste 剂草原解题导语年月日中国神舟七号顺利升空日中国宇航员翟志刚穿着中国人自己研制的飞天宇航服进行了太空行走这次舱外活动是中国航天事业的又一里程碑解析细节理解题由文章第一句结合倒数第五段可知答案答案解析细节理 由文章可知太空行走的重大意义在于分析家在倒数第六段的阐释答案解析词义猜测题由航天员之前的动作可知在文中的意思为健康的好的答案解析主旨大意题综合全文内容项标题概括性强能全面反映本文的中心思想答案第二周压碎 里而则竭尽全力救助解析细节推断题由文章的第三段第一句话可推断出答案解析细节推断题根据文章的第三段最后一句话利用排除法答案解析细节理解题根据文章第五段第二句话撕下自己的衬衫用它来扑灭双腿上的火焰答案解析词解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“its important as the space station is about to expand from three people living on board to six”可知 C 项正确。答案 C 2 What is the RIGHT time order of the following events?a.The samples of the recycled water were tested on Earth.b.Astronauts celebrated the space first of making water from urine.c.The recycling system was brought up to the space station.d.The technology for the system was used to quickly purify water.A.a，d，c，b B.a，c，b，d C.d，a，c，b D.d，c，a，b 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami”可知 d 发生最早。根据第三段的“The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November.coul dn t be used until samples were tested back on Earth”可知 c 发生在 a 的前面，因此 D 项正确。答案 D 3 From Para.6 we can know_.A.the theory behind the recycling system B.the effect of the recycling system C.the process of the recycling system D.an opinion on the recycling system 解析 段落概括题。该段主要讲述的是使用尿液循环系统将尿制成水的过程。答案 C 4 What did Edeen say about recycled urine and the recycling system?A.The taste of recycled urine is not as good as common water.B.The recycling system has made a science fiction story come true.C.The idea of drinking recycled urine makes astronauts feel unpleasant.D.It takes a longer time on Earth to make water from urine than in space.解析 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“with a lot onger time between urine and the tap”可知D 项正确。剂草原解题导语年月日中国神舟七号顺利升空日中国宇航员翟志刚穿着中国人自己研制的飞天宇航服进行了太空行走这次舱外活动是中国航天事业的又一里程碑解析细节理解题由文章第一句结合倒数第五段可知答案答案解析细节理 由文章可知太空行走的重大意义在于分析家在倒数第六段的阐释答案解析词义猜测题由航天员之前的动作可知在文中的意思为健康的好的答案解析主旨大意题综合全文内容项标题概括性强能全面反映本文的中心思想答案第二周压碎 里而则竭尽全力救助解析细节推断题由文章的第三段第一句话可推断出答案解析细节推断题根据文章的第三段最后一句话利用排除法答案解析细节理解题根据文章第五段第二句话撕下自己的衬衫用它来扑灭双腿上的火焰答案解析词答案 D 5 What is the best title for the passage?A.The research of NASA has made great progress B.New technology is used in the space station C.Drink up:space station recycles urine to water D.Good news:water recycled from urine tastes good 解析 标题概括题。本文报道了国际空间站的宇航员试饮尿液循环水，“Drink up”生动反映饮用时的情景，“space station recycles urine to watert”点明了制造技术。故 C 项最佳。答案 C 长难句解读 Astronauts aboard the space station celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water that condenses from exhaled air.主句是：Astronauts celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water.aboard the space station 和 that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water 充当定语分别修饰名词 Astronauts 和 water。第三周 We bet that on cold wintry days,many of you love to stay in your warm home and,every now and then，come out into the kitchen for a snack.Unfortunately,plenty of creepy-crawly critters(爬行生物)like to do the same thing!Winter is the time when bugs(虫子)invade your house without an invitation.The season can be tough for such creatures.In winter the air is cold,the ground is hard and many trees have no leaves.So bugs do what they have to do to survive.Monarch butterflies head south to warmer climates.Ants crowd in deep underground colonies and eat food they have been storing all year.Many insects go into a deep sleep called 剂草原解题导语年月日中国神舟七号顺利升空日中国宇航员翟志刚穿着中国人自己研制的飞天宇航服进行了太空行走这次舱外活动是中国航天事业的又一里程碑解析细节理解题由文章第一句结合倒数第五段可知答案答案解析细节理 由文章可知太空行走的重大意义在于分析家在倒数第六段的阐释答案解析词义猜测题由航天员之前的动作可知在文中的意思为健康的好的答案解析主旨大意题综合全文内容项标题概括性强能全面反映本文的中心思想答案第二周压碎 里而则竭尽全力救助解析细节推断题由文章的第三段第一句话可推断出答案解析细节推断题根据文章的第三段最后一句话利用排除法答案解析细节理解题根据文章第五段第二句话撕下自己的衬衫用它来扑灭双腿上的火焰答案解析词diapauses.There re different kinds