河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题Word版含解析.docx

邯郸市20222023年度高二年级第一学期期末考试英语试卷注意事项：1 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在 本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题L5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读 下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是c。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man advise the woman to do?A. Check the map.B. Get off immediately.C. Ask the conductor.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: Do you know if this train stops at the Carlisle Street stop?M: There's a route map over there by the door.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What did the woman's hair look like before?A. It was curly.B. It was long.C. It was brown.【答案】B【解析】He said high oil prices are “a positive thing” for the climate as the energy crisis results in a "dramatic speedup in decarbonisation （碳减料F）. “The whole world should now be focused on seeking alternatives, whether they're renewables or hydrogen fuels. All of these things are far more economic.”He pointed to the recent boost of EU （欧盟）for renewable energy funding, as part of a plan to reduce imports of gas. Even as oil and gas companies obtain record profits from the high prices at present, Hohn said climate- focused investors will ultimately benefit from the energy price shock.“The oil price increase leads to plans for accelerated decarbonisation/ said Hohn. "I personally believe that we'll have demand disruption as we had in the 70s, and that there will be a dramatic acceleration in decarbonisation. I actually view it as a positive thing.”Hohn has pressured companies to give shareholders a vote on their climate plans. Spanish airport operator Aena and aircraft manufacturer Airbus improved their emissions （升F放）tar-gets as a result. Hohn has also pushed fbr stricter regulation on corporate climate promises. "Corporate decarbonisation isn't going to happen through voluntary methods J Hohn said.Hohn is also backing a new rating agency that will grade company emissions strategies, through his charity, the Children's Investment Fund Foundation. The Climate Action-plan Rating Centre （Climate-Arc） will analyse public company data and publish climate plan ratings.Investors often struggle to analyse corporate climate plans. "Because though some organizations declare their commitment to environmental protection, they actually do the opposite/9 Hohn said, “I expect a large proportion of companies will get graded F if they're not doing enough. Even companies with net zero emissions targets have failed to set out plans about how to reach those goals. The impact is going to be a bit like, "the emperor has no clothes.”Why are high oil prices a positive thing according to Hohn?A. They will reduce energy demand.B. They will bring economic benefits.C. There will be a shift to clean energy.D. There will be a reduction in energy imports.28. What does Hohn argue fbr in paragraph 5?A. Climate regulation should be stricter.B. Decarbonisation should be voluntary.C. Emissions targets should be debated.D. Climate plans should be informed to the public.29. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The method of avoiding being graded F.B. The suggestion about helping investors.C. The method of reaching zero emissions targets.D. The suggestion about reducing carbon emissions.30. Which would be the best title for the text?A. Energy crisisa hard nutEnergy crisis-a wake up callB. Energy crisis-a cruel circleEnergy crisis-a cause of economic depression【答案】28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B【解析】【导语】本文是是一篇说明文。文章指出自上世纪70年代石油危机以来，当前出现了最严重的石油“需求 中断”危机，该能源危机导致油价上涨，加速了碳减排计划的实施，为一些上市公司的碳排放敲响警钟, 呼吁各公司切实减少碳排放，保护环境。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 “He said high oil prices are "a positive thing, for the climate as the energy crisis results in a "dramatic speed-up” in decarbonisation （碳减排）.“The whole world should now be focused on seeking alternatives, whether they,re renewables or hydrogen fuels. All of these things are far more economic."（他 说，高油价对气候是“一件积极的事情”，因为能源危机导致碳减排“急剧加速”。“现在全世界都应 该集中精力寻找替代能源，无论是可再生能源还是氢燃料。所有这些都要经济得多。“）”可知，Hohn认 为高油价导致碳减排急剧加速，由此会使得全世界寻找可替代的经济型能源，即人们将转向清洁能源。故选Co【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中 “Hohn has also pushed for stricter regulation on corporate climate promises. "Corporate decarbonisation isn't going to happen through voluntary methods," Hohn said.（ Hohn 还推动对企业 气候承诺进行更严格的监管。“企业的碳减排不会通过自愿的方式实现，” Hohn说）”可知，Hohn认为 通过自愿的方式是无法实现碳减排，需要对企业实施更严格的监管才能推动碳减排的实现。由此推知， Hohn认为应该实施更加严格的气候规定。故选Ao【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Because though some organizations declare their commitment to environmental protection, they actually do the opposite,（因为尽管一些组织宣称他们致力于环境保护，但实际 上他们做的恰恰相反）”以及 “I expect a large proportion of companies will get graded F if they're not doing enough. Even companies with net zero emissions targets have failed to set out plans about how to reach those goals.（我预计，如果做得不够，大部分公司都会被评为F。即使是有净零排放目标的公司，也未能制定实 现这些口标的计划）”可知，因为尽管一些组织和企业宣称他们致力于环境保护，但实际上他们做的恰恰 相反，他们并未真正的致力于环境保护，从而导致大部分公司在排放评定上都会被评为F。由此推知， Hohn建议减少碳排放，才能实现制定的目标计划，切实做到保护环境。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 “ Billionaire Sir Christopher Hohn expects the greatest "demand disruption” fbr oil since the 1970s shock to cause an increase in renewable energy investment.（亿万富翁 Christopher Hohn 预计， 自上世纪70年代石油危机以来最严重的石油“需求中断”将导致可再生能源投资增加）”以及通读全文可 知，文章指出自上世纪70年代石油危机以来，当前出现了最严重的石油“需求中断”危机，该能源危机 导致油价上涨，加速了碳减排计划的实施，为一些上市公司的碳排放敲响警钟，呼吁各公司切实减少碳 排放，保护环境。由此可知，B选项“Energy crisisa wake up call（能源危机记警钟）”符合文章标题。故选B。DFor centuries, people in Baltic nations have used amber（琥珀）for medical purposes. Even today, children are given amber necklaces that they chew to lighten toothache, and people put amber powder in some medicine for its special effects.Now, scientists have found compounds（化合物）that help explain amber's effects and that could lead to new medicines to combat antibiotic-resistant（耐抗生素的）infections. Each year in the U.S., at least 2.8 million people get antibiotic-resistant infections, leading to 35,000 deaths, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "We knew from previous research that there were substances in Baltic amber that might lead to new antibiotics, but they had not been systematically explored/9 says Elizabeth Ambrose, Ph. D., who is the main investigator of the project. 6We have now identified several compounds in Baltic amber that show activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria?9Ambrose showed interest originally while she visited a family in Lithuania. She collected amber samples and heard stories about their medicinal uses. The Baltic Sea region contains the world's largest deposit of the material, which formed about 44 million years ago. Ambrose and graduate student Connor McDermott, who are at the University of Minnesota, analyzed commercially available Baltic amber samples, in addition to some Ambrose had collected. "One major challenge was preparing a similar fine powder from the amber that could be got J McDermott explains.Through trial and error, dozens of compounds were identified. Because these compounds are difficult to purify, the researchers bought pure samples and sent them to a company that tested their activity against nine bacterial species, some of which are known to be antibiotic resistant. "The most important finding is that these compounds are active against gram-positive bacteria J McDermott says. Gram-positive bacteria have a less complex cell wall than gram-negative bacteria.31. Why do the people in Baltic nations give their children amber necklaces?A. They can help relieve toothache.B. They are beautiful decorations.C. They can cure common disease.D. They symbolize good luck for children.32. What does “combat“ underlined in the second paragraph mean?A. Combine.B. Resist.C. Produce.D. Affect.33. What does Elizabeth Ambrose find?A. Antibiotic-resistant infections cause many deaths.B. Something in Baltic amber might lead to new antibiotics.C. People haven't explored the real uses of Baltic amber.D. Baltic amber can fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.34. What inspired Ambrose's enthusiasm about the research?A. The success of former researchers.B. The encouragement of her family.C The amber could be applied medically.D. The beauty of the amber she had collected.【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述波罗的海国家的人们将琥珀用于医疗目的，现在科学家们发现了 有助于解释琥珀作用的化合物，并可能导致对抗耐抗生素感染的新药。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第段中 “Even today, children are given amber necklaces that they chew to lighten toothache, and people put amber powder in some medicine for its special effects.（艮J使在今天， 人彳门还会给孩子 们戴琥珀项链，他们可以咀嚼琥珀来减轻牙痛，人们还会在一些药物中加入琥珀粉，以发挥其特殊作用）”可知，波罗的海国家的人给孩子戴琥珀项链是因为可以咀嚼琥珀来减轻牙痛。故选A。【33题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句 "We have now identified several compounds in Baltic amber that show activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.（我们现在已经在波罗的海琥珀中发现了几种化合物,它们对耐抗 生素细菌有活性）”可知，琥珀中的化合物对耐抗生素细菌有活性，由此可推知，画线词所在句意为“现 在，科学家们发现了有助于解释琥珀作用的化合物，并可能导致对抗耐抗生素感染的新药”，combat意 为“对抗”，故选B。【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 "We have now identified several compounds in Baltic amber that show activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.（我们现在已经在波罗的海琥珀中发现了几种化合物，它们对耐抗 生素细菌有活性）”可知，Elizabeth Ambrose发现，波罗的海琥珀可以对抗耐抗生素细菌。故选D。【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句 u Ambrose showed interest originally while she visited a family in Lithuania. She collected amber samples and heard stories about their medicinal uses.（ Ambrose 最初是在访问立陶宛的 个家庭时表现出兴趣的。她收集了琥珀样本，并听到了关于琥珀药用的故事）”可知，琥珀的药用价值使Ambrose对这个研究感兴趣。故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分125分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Everyone gets angry. If you're experiencing huge anger, though, it could be damaging your mental and physical health as well as your relationships with others. Uncontrolled anger can be potential problems, such as anger management issues or mental disorder. 36 To control your anger, you can try to take the following measures.Take a break as soon as you recognize that you're angry. You can take a break by stopping what you're doing, getting away from what makes you annoyed or just take a deep breath. 37Visualize a happy place. If you still have a difficult time calming down, imagine yourself in a scene you find incredibly relaxing. 38 Focus on imagining every detail of this place: the light, the noises, the temperature, the weather, the smells. Keep thinking of your happy place until you feel completely immersed（浸没于）in it, and hang out there for a few minutes or until you feel calm.Practice positive self-talk. Change the way that you think about something from negative to positive. 39 After you have given yourself a moment to calm down, “discuss“ the situation with yourself in positive and relieving terms.40Sometimes sharing your concerns with a close friend might help you vent（发世）your anger. Clearly express what you want from the other person. If you just want to vent your anger, state at the beginning that you don't want help or advice, just sympathy. If you're looking for a solution, let the other person know.A. Ask for the support of someone you trust.B. Positive thinking can help you relieve your anger in a healthy way.C. Keep exercising until you feel that you have regained control.D. It could be any place that makes you feel at home and peaceful.E. So it's important to control your emotions and calm yourself down.F. Remember that you do not have to respond to a situation immediately.G. Getting away from what is upsetting you will make it easier to calm down.【答案】36. E 37. G 38. D 39. B 40. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些能帮助读者控制愤怒的方法。【36题详解】根据上文 uUncontrolled anger can be potential problems, such as anger management issues or mental disorder.（无法控制的愤怒可能是潜在的问题，比如愤怒管理问题或精神障碍。）”可知，无法控制愤怒会 带来很多问题。选项 E " So it's important to control your emotions and calm yourself down.（所以控制情绪、 让自己冷静下来很重要。）”既承接上文表明控制情绪很重要，又引出下文"To control your anger, you can try to take the following measures.（为了控制你的愤怒，你可以试着采取以下措施。）”，与上下文内容一 致。故选E。37题详解】根据上文 u Take a break as soon as you recognize that you9re angry. You can take a break by stopping what you9 re doing, getting away from what makes you annoyed or just take a deep breath.（当你意识至自 己很生气的 时候就休息一下。你可以停止你正在做的事情来休息一下，远离让你烦恼的事情，或者深呼吸。）”可 知，作者建议读者远离让自己烦恼的事情。选项G uGetting away from what is upsetting you will make it easier to calm down.（远离让你心烦的事情会让你更容易冷静下来。）”与上文内容一致。故选G。【38题详解】根据上文 “If you still have a difficult time calming down, imagine yourself in a scene you find incredibly relaxing.（如果你还是很难平静下来，想象自己身处一个让你非常放松 场景。）”可知，作者建议读者想 象自己身处一个让自己放松的场景。选项D “It could be any place that makes you feel at home and peaceful.（它可以是任何一个让你感觉像家一样平静的地方。）”与上文内容一致；同时选项中的“place" 与下文 “Focus on imagining every detail of this place: the light, the noises, the temperature, the weather, the smells.（专注于想象这个地方的每一个细节：光线、噪音、温度、天气、气味。）”中的“this place” 一 致。故选D。【39题详解】根据下文 “Practice positive self-talk. Change the way that you think about something from negative to positive. （练习积极的自我对话。把你看待事物的方式从消极转变为积极。）”可知，作者在本段中建议读者练习积 极的自我对话。选项 B uPositive thinking can help you relieve your anger in a healthy way.（积极思考可以帮 助你以一种健康的方式缓解你的愤怒。）”与上文内容一致，说明了积极思考带来的好处。故选B。【40题详解】空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文 uSometimes sharing your concerns with a close friend might help you vent（发泄）your anger. Clearly express what you want from the other person. If you just want to vent your anger, state at the beginning that you don't want help or advice Just sympathy. If you're looking for a solution, let the other person know.（有时与亲密的朋友分享你的担忧可能会帮助你发泄你的愤怒。清楚地表达你想从对 方那里得到什么。如果你只是想发泄你的愤怒，一开始就说明你不需要帮助或建议，只需要同情。如果 你在寻找解决方案，让对方知道。）”可知，本段主要是建议读者向他人寻求帮助。选项A “Askforthe support of someone you trust.（寻求你信任的人的支持。）”与下文内容一致。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Tracy Hodges is a teacher who teaches first-grade students. One day, she faced a do-or-die moment when she 41 became ill in the classroom. According to Hodges, her vision suddenly got blurred（模糊的），and shecouldn't even 42 the three children who were sit-ting in front of her.The children could see something was 43 with her but they couldn't understand exactly what was going on. "Mrs. Hodges was shaking and we thought she was just 44, Seconds later, she fell out of the chair andhit her head J said student Dalton Widener. Before she lost 45. Hodges told the children to get 46.However, she wasn't sure if they 47 her completely. Surprisingly, the kids got her message. Some went out to 48 the principal while some went to get the nurse. Their efforts were 49 as Hodges awakened and found herself surrounded by teachers and medical staff. The school librarian tried to 50 the children and later, Hodges was taken to the 51.The school informed the parents and students about what had happened at the school and told them that Mrs. Hodges was doing fine. Hodges is 52 that her young students saved her life. The students were called“Hodges' Heroes" and were 53 with certificates and medals from community leaders for their 54Two