2018考研英语二真题及答案.pdf

20182018 考研英语二真题及答案考研英语二真题及答案Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmarkA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that willobviously bepainful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to arecent study inPsychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is strongthat people will 2 tosatisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicagoand the Wisconsinschool of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasantstimuli in an effort tosatisfy curiosity.For one 5,each participant was shown a pile of pens thatthe researcher claimedwere from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would 6 anelectric shock whenclicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were toldonly that some were electrified.7 left alone in the room.The students who didnot know which oneswould shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the studentswho knew thatwould 8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound offingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drivesfor 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is oftenconsidered a good instinctitcan 12 new scientific advances,for instancebut sometimes such 13 canbackfire.The insight thatcuriosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15,however.In a final experiment,participants who wereencouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture wereless likely to 17 tosee such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of followingthrough on onescuriosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects ofcuriosity,”Hsee says.In other words,dont readonline comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve答案：D.resolve考点：词义辨析解析：文章首段第一句话就交代了全文主旨：Why do people read negativeInternetcomments and do other things that will obviously be painful?人们浏览网络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因。第二句指出原因：因为人们内心里有一种_不确定因素需求，空格处所需的动词和后面的宾语 uncertainty 构成动宾结构。A 选项 ignore，忽略，B 选项 protect，保护，C 选项 discuss，讨论，带入空格后，语义不通顺，所以不正确。D 选项 resolve，解决、消除，“消除不确定性”符合语义要求；故正确答案为 D 选项 resolve。2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret答案：B.seek考点：词义辨析解析：空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会_（答案）来满足他们的好奇心即使他们清楚答案会_。空格处所填入的词需要和后面隐含的宾语答案来构成顺畅的语义搭配，只有 B 选项 seek,试图、设法、寻找,符合要求；A 选项 refuse,拒绝，C 选 wait,等待，C 选项 regret,遗憾,带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为 B.seek。3.A.rise B.last C.hurt D.mislead 答案：C.hurt考点：词义辨析解析：空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们寻找答案来满足他们的好奇心即使答案明显 本句中的 even when（即使）构成了前后的对立关系，因此空格处所填入的词需和前面的感情色彩词“strong”及语义构成对立，只有 C 选项hurt（令人痛苦）符合要求；另外此处的 it is clear that the answer will hurt 也和第一句中的 thatwill obviously be painful 构成了近义复现。故 C 选项为正确答案。4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat答案：B.expose考点：固定短语解析：空格所在处，构成了_oneself to sth 结构，只有 D 选项 expose 符合要求,使某人暴露在中，故 B 选项 expose 为正确答案。5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept答案：A.trial考点：词义辨析解析：本段段首提到“a series of four experiments”，空格所在句给出其中一个实验的信息，只有 A 选项 trail 与 experiment 语义相近，故正确答案为 A 选项 trail。6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt答案：B.deliver考点：语义逻辑解析：上文指出：For one trial，each participant was shown a pile of pens thatthe researcherclaimed were from a previous experiment。在一个试验中，研究人员给每位受试者一堆笔并声称其源于先前的实验。这是实验的背景。下文具体实验展开，Half of the penswouldan electric shock when clicked。有一半的比在按下的时候会使人触电。所以比对选项，要选择 deliver，发出，递送。因此 B 为正确答案。7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though答案：C.When考点：逻辑关系解析：上文讲的是 Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged；another 27 were told only研究人员告知了 27 名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外27 名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下文就是具体的发生的实验状态了。当他们独自在房里时，而不是条件 if，unless 或者 转折关系。因此选择 C。8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen答案：D.happen考点：语义逻辑解析：根据上文的实验背景，试验中 27 个人知道哪些笔是内有玄机，而另外 27 名学生只知道有些笔是带电的。下面的告知了实验的结论：当他们独自在房里时，那些不知哪些笔带电的学生按下了更多的笔头，比这些受试者多，后面是定语，显然这些受试者是只上文被告知的人，所以这些人知道 the students who knew what would happen，强调结果性。所以选择 D。9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to答案：A.such as考点：逻辑关系解析：上文在之后其他刺激因素的实验中，后文讲到具体的实验：指甲刮黑板的声音和令人生厌的昆虫图片 显然这里需要例证关系，故选择 A。10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget答案：C.discover考点：语义逻辑解析：文章开篇提出：The human drive to resolve uncertainty is so strong 人们对于寻找答案以消除不确定因素总是乐此不疲。再根据上文的实验，都表示这是一种discover 的需求，越是不确定的，越好奇。故选择 C。11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling答案：B.food考点：语义逻辑解析：这个空出现在卡内基梅隆大学（Carnegie Mellon University）的观点中，前后观点没有任何转折连词，所以前后句应该一脉相承。前文中 the drive is deeply rootedin human，指的是人类根深蒂固的本性，而且后文也说到 curiosity is a good instinct（本能），探索的动力在人类中根深蒂固，与食物或避难所的基本动力相当。因此此处应该选 food。A 选项 pay 支付；C 选项 marriage 婚姻；D 选项 schooling 学习教育，皆不符合文意。12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from答案：C.lead to考点：固定搭配解析：本句意思是：好奇心通常被认为是一种很好的本能它会_新的科学进步，此处选择 A 选项 begin with 以开始，C 选项 lead to 符合文意。B 选项 reston 取决于；D 选项 learn from 向学习,皆不符合文意。13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence答案：A.inquiry考点：语义逻辑解析：but sometimes such _can backfire。but 一词的出现就说明前后两句话是转折句义，前文说好奇心会带来新的科学进步；后文的一个指示代词 such 一出现，就证明和前句的主语是一致的，在此只能选择 curiosity 的近义词，为 A inquiry。B 选项withdrawal 撤回；C 选项 persistence 坚持；D 选项 diligence 勤奋，皆不符合文意。14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive答案：D.self-destructive考点：语义逻辑解析：The insight that curiosity can drive you to do_ things is a profoundone。因为前文有所提示，but sometimes such _can backfire，有时候好奇心会适得其反，这句话也是对于上文的承接，因此这里需要填入的是好奇心带来的副作用的表达，因此选 D self-destructive 自我毁灭的。A 选项 self-deceptive 自欺欺人的，B 选项 self-reliant自力更生的；C 选项self-evident 显而易见的,皆不符合文意。15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist答案：D.resist考点：语义逻辑解析：Unhealthy curiosity is possible to _，however。这句话之后出现了论据，用以撑前文的论点：In a final experiment，participants who wereencouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picturewere less likely to choose to see such an image，在最后的实验中，那些积极预测自己目睹不太悦目图片感受的受试者，他们选择此类图片的可能性较小。此处 picture wereless likely to choose to see such an image=resist，是对于本段论点句的同义复现，因为选择 D 选项 resist。A 选项 trace 追踪，B 选项 define 定义；C 选项 replace 替代,皆不符合文意。16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict答案：D.predict考点：语义逻辑解析：本段首句是本段的中心：然而，抵制病态的好奇心理是并非不可能。所以可以预测出这一段会围绕抵制病态的好奇心会有什么好的影响。In a final experiment，participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing anunpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.16 题所在句子是participants 的后置定语，用来修饰受测者，他们积极地去如何，与后面定语从句中目睹不太愉悦的照片后他们将（would）会有什么样的感觉，可以得出是提前想象出来的，故选择 D predict，预测。17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend答案：A.choose考点：语义逻辑解析：此题所在句子结构化简后是 participants were less likely to 17 to see suchan image。这里面的 such image 指的是上面提到的 an unpleasant picture，所以既然已经知道图片会带来不愉悦的感觉，就不可能去选择了，故选择 A choose 选择。18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty答案：B.outcome考点：语义逻辑解析：These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor。18题所在位置是 the 18 offollowing through on ones curiosity ahead of time 此短语是 imagining 同位语，用来解释 imagining：为利用好奇心可提前想象的结果。所以此题选择是 B。19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether答案：D.whether考点：逻辑关系解析：imagining can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor。这种结果可以帮助人们决定它们。值得一试。根据句间逻辑关系，这些研究结果表明，利用好奇心可提前想象事件的结果，从而帮助人们决定它们是否值得一试。故 D whether 为正确选项。20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategies答案：C.consequences考点：词义辨析解析：“Thinking about long-term 20 is key to mitigating the possible negativeeffects of curiosity，”思考长期.才是减轻好奇心负面消极影响的关键所在。负面消极影响是好奇心带来的，所以要考虑这种长期的影响，A 选项 limitations 限制，B选项 investment 投资,D 选项 strategies 策略,都不符合语境，故 C 选项为正确选项。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justifyhis efforts to give hisstudents a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a NewHampshire high schoolwhere learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of theUnited States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing isnecessarily gained byforcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generationsof discarded chewinggum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands isseen as almost amark of inferiority.School in the family of vocational education“have thatstereotype.that its forkids who cant make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of Americasevolution.Manufacturing is notthe economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy onceoffered to highschool graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.Wewant more for ourkids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for alland the subtledevaluing of anythinglessmisses an important point:Thats not the only thing the American economyneeds.Yes,abachelors degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in thecountry are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skillmanufacturing.But only 44 percent of workersare adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspoliticalhead,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,oneobvious solution isstaring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workerswho need those jobs mostarent equipped to do them.Koziateks Manchester School of Technology HighSchool is trying tofill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksoverlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization答案 B.practical ability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，Mr Koziatek 是 NewHampshire 高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是 B.practical ability.22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful答案 D.are not academically successful这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是 D.are notacademicallysuccessful,其他选项均不符合文意。23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A.used to have more job opportunitiesB.used to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing答案 A.used to have more job opportunities这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和 high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种 the job security 已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选 A，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce答案 C.indicate the overvaluing of higher education这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“the headlong push”找到出处是第六段开头 But后，发现后面还有一个 and.和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说 that is not the only thing the American economy needs.可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有 C 选项动词 overvalue 是负面词，而且提到主题词 education。故选C。25.The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointed答案 C.supportive这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词 Koziateksschool 看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个 wake-up call。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会 overlooking a nations diversity of gifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。Text 2While fossil fuelscoal，oil，gasstill generate roughly 85 percent of theworlds energysupply,its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sourcessuch as wind and solar.Themove to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now accountfor more thanhalf of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses tofundcleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percentand the cost of windturbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of theworld renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent ofhomes.While the restof the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States isalso seeing a remarkableshift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for morethan 10 percent of thepower generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuelsespecially coalas the path toeconomicgrowth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliableenergy source.But thatmessage did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fieldsand provide 36percent of the states electricity generationand where tech giants likeMicrosoft are being attractedby the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesntshine?”has provideda quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteriesis making their abilityto keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing bigbets onbattery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity onroads now,this massiveinvestment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.Thepace of change inenergy sources appears to be speeding upperhaps just in time to have ameaningful effect inslowing climate change.What Washington doesor doesnt doto promotealternative energy maymean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising答案 C falling这是一道词义句意题，要想知道 plummeting 的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting 所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting 所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting 是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降，如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十，风能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生资源的成本在下降，plummeting 的含义是下降的意思。所以选择 C falling。27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical答案 A is progressing notably这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时，美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道，三月份，美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。”这足以说明在美国，可再