Module12Unit3语法专项-英语构词法九年级英语上册讲义（外研版）（教师版).docx

right adj.正确的 wrong adj.错误的 young adj.年轻的 old adj.年老的.（4） 形容词/副瀛在为动词slow adj.慢的perfect adj.完美的 adj./adv.adj./v.更好 out adv.在外(5)形容词转化为副词enough adj.足够的 long adj.长的;长久的 straight adv.直的slow V.放慢perfect v.使完美better v.使更好,改善，改进out v.赶出，驱逐enough adv.足够地 long adv.长久地 straight adv.直地hard adj.硬的;困难的;努力的！2.合成法/复合法1 hard adv.努力地；猛烈地Module 12 Save our worldUnit 3语法专项.英语构词法国知识精讲即构词法就是按照一定规律来创造新词的方法。学习英语构词法基础知识很有用，不仅使我们深刻理解 英语单词的形成规律，还可以让我们学会举一反三，更巧妙地记忆单词，扩大词汇量。英语构词法主要有三种：转化法、合成法和派生法。其中，合成法也叫复合法。1 .转化法英语中，有些单词兼有多个词性。把一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种或几种词性而词形不变， 但有时候会有发音方面的细微变化（主要是重音的转移）。这种构词方法就叫转化法。（1）名词转化为动词book n.书book v.预定back n.后背 口 > back v.支持hand n.手hand v.交给nurse n. 护士nurse v. 护理water n.水water v.浇水2）动成"为名词drink v.喝drink n.饮料look v.看look n.看talk v.说话talk n.谈话walkv.走路walk n.步行，芹攵步iryv.尝试try n.试图，努力go v.去go n.尝试，努力3）形蠲襄化为名词light adj.明亮的light n.光，光线right n.正当；权利；右边wrong n.坏事；错误的或不公平的行为 young n,年轻人 （the young）old n.老年人（the old）weekday”：作 口），weekend（周末），newspaper（报纸）she-wolf （母狼），she-goal （母山羊）? blackboard（黑板），freshman（大一新生）？?overcoat（外套）,downstairs（底楼,楼下：此词还可做adj.或adv.）由两个或两个以上独立且意义不同的单词连在一起合成一个新词，一般来说，前一个词修饰或限定后 一个词，这种构词法叫做合成法，也叫复合法。合成的词叫合成词或复合词。合成词一般看其词，知其意。（1）合成名词名词+名词代词+名词 形容词+名词副词+名词？动词+名词？ type writer（打字机）动名词+名词？ reading-room（阅览室），swimming-pool （游泳池）名词+动名词handwriting （书写），sightseeing （观光,游览）动词+副词 breakthrough （突破），？get-logether （聚会）？【解析】根据句意”当然可以，但是你得等几分钟.我正在下载一些关于复活节的信息”可知，要用现在进 行时，其构成为am/ is/ are doing.故选：C.我可以用你的电脑发送电子邮件吗？当然可以，但是你得等几分钟.我正在下载一些关于复活节的信息.考查派生词，要牢记派生词的词意、构成及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案.42 .【答案】A【解析】through：介词,从内部通过,强调从一端到另一端；cross：动词,穿过.across：横穿;crossing ： 名词，十字路口.根据句意”-你看起来很激动.发生了什么事？-我看到了一只兔子，跟着它跑过田野. 可知，是从内部穿过，结合题干，从已经有一个动词ran,缺少一个介词，所以through符合题意. 故选:A.你看起来很激动.发生了什么事？-我看到了一只兔子，跟着它跑过田野.掌握介词的含义和用法，根据句意选出正确答案.【答案】B【解析】by oneself独自地；单独；alone副词，独自，lonely形容词，寂寞的；孤独的.第一个空表示独自 居住，用alone,第二空表示不感到孤独，用lonely.故选：B.虽然这个老人独自居住，但是他一点都不感到孤独.了解各选项的含义及用法，根据语境作答.43 .【答案】D【解析】本题考查同根词.act表演，动词;action动作，名词;acting表演，act的ing形式. like doing喜 欢做like +n.喜欢某物.分析句意，这里表示“喜欢表演二 故选：D.-你为什么喜欢表演？-我认真表演很有趣.此类题目，先分析句意，结合语法结构，便可得出正确答案.45.【答案】D【解析】dangerous危险的，successfill成功的，careful细心的，upset难过的,沮丧的；根据句意"是什么让 詹姆斯这么难过？他在哪儿都找不到他的票”可知，要填”难过的"，其它选项语意不通.故选：D.-是什么让詹姆斯这么难过？-他在哪儿都找不到他的票.考杳形容词词意辨析，要牢记形容词的词意及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案.46 .【答案】C【解析】表示“感到”用cd形容词，再根据我和他们不熟，而他们邀请我，可知，我感到吃惊，用surprised. 故选：Co他们邀请我去参加他们的晚会，我感到很吃惊，因为我和他们并不熟。区别ed形容词和ing形容词是解决此题的关键。47 .【答案】A【解析】句意:我们年级的同学就像一个大家庭。每个人都喜欢住在这样的地方。belike表示“好像”， 固定词组,主语classmates是复数形式,所以be动词用are,故第一空填are like,排除B和C选项;like “喜 欢”，动词；结合语境，第二句为一般现在时态，主语为everyone,视其为单数，故动词like要用第三人 称单数形式likes； like介词，表示“像”，故第三空应用介词like表示“像这样的地方”。故选A。48 .【答案】C【解析】句意：我的同学桑迪经常很担心，担心她的考试成绩。根据often,可知第一空是一般现在时，主 语Sandy接动词第三人称单数形式worries；根据feels,可知feel+形容词，worry的形容词形式是worried, feel worried about 担心。故选 C。49 .【答案】B【解析】句意：哥伦布的发现是世界上的一件大事。分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作主语，故应用名词 形式，排除A和C；由空后的was可知，设空处应用名词的单数形式。故选B。50 .【答案】B【解析】句意：所有活着的东西都应该受到尊重，包括植物和动物。include动词，包括；includes单三变 化式；included过去式；including介词，包括。根据空格前逗号可知，此处使用介词including。故选B。题组B能力提升练单句语法填空-用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共10小题，共10.0分)51. I want to be a good ?(sing) like Han Hong.52. With (he help of (he teacher, there has been a great ?in her spoken English.(improve)53. Jack plays the violin very well. He will be a ?,?(violin) in the future.54. In China, people usually eat ? (tradition) food on special days.55. The ?(win) of (his year's Young Star Award is Daniel! Well done!56. We all know that Chinese has the most ? in the world. (speak)57. It's ? of Tom to push in before others in public, (polite)More and more people like to buy books on the Internet as the books on the Internet arc ? (expensive)58. English ? usually say "Excuse me" before asking for help, (speak)59. 1( is ?to go into a person's room without knocking (敲)at the door first, (polite)题组B能力提升练答案单句语法填空-用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空51 .【答案】.【答案】52 .【答案】.【答案】53 .【答案】.【答案】54 .【答案】.【答案】55 .【答案】.【答案】 singer improvement violinist traditional winner speakers impolite inexpensive speakers impolite副词+动词outbreak（战争、疾病等爆发），outcome（结果，效果）名词+介词+名词?mother-inlaw（婆婆）？ editor-in-chief （主编）（2）合成动词名词+动词?baby-sit （看孩子）？sleepwalk?（梦游）形容词+动词?white-wash （粉刷） 副词+动词?outnumber（数目超过）» overwork （过度工作）,underestimate（低估）？（3）合成形容词名词+形容词?worldfamous（世界着名的）,?dutyfree（免税的）?形容词+名词large-scale（大规模的）,？long- term（长期的）副词+形容词？?over-anxious（过度焦虑的），？evergreen（长青的）名词+过去分词?man-made （人造的），hand-made（手工的），stale-owned（国有的）名词+现在分词?peace-k）ving（爱好和平的）,French-speaking（讲法语的）形容词+现在分词?good/ooking（好看的）,?easy-going （随和的）副词+过去分词？well-educated（受过良好教育的），well-known（着名的）副词+现在分词？hardworking（努力工作的），far-reaching（广泛的）形容词+名词+ed ?warm-hearled（热心的），absenl-minded（心不在焉的） 数词+名词+ed ?three-legged（H条腿的）?ten-storied（十层楼高的）数词+名词+形容词?eightyearold（八岁大的）？700-meter-long（七百米长的）（4）合成副词形容词+名词？meanwhile（与此同时），anyway（不管怎样） 形容词+副词？everywhere（到处，处处），anywhere（任何地方），nowhere（任何地方都不，无处）? 副词+副词？ however（然而，但是）（5）合成代词 代词宾格 + self/selves ?himself ?hcrsclf itself themselves物主代诃 + self/selves ?myself ourselves yourself? yourselves? 形容词 + 名词？ anything nothing everything somebody anybody nobody（6）合成介词 副词 + 名词?inside ?outside介词+副词?without ?w司hin 副词+介词into3.派生法英语构词法中，在一个词根前面或后面加上一个词缀构成一个新词，这种构词法叫派生法。加在词根前面的词缀叫前缀，加在词根后面的词缀叫后缀。词根承载单词的基本语义。比如impossible的词素分析如卜.:ibk（可能的，形容词后缀）册（不，表否定）（能力，能够）用缀词根前缀与后缀的不同作用般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。如possible（可能的）是形容词，impossible （不可能的） 还是形容词，但词义改变了，im-是否定前缀，意为“不”，这就叫前缀改变词义；再比如possible（可 能的）是形容词，possibility （可能）是名词，-ty是名词词缀，这就叫后缀改变词性。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不改变词义，少数后缀也可改变词义。特殊情况特殊记，同学们记住词缀总诀：前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。 常见的前缀和后缀汇总表前缀例词a（n）-表否定表方位（含有介词 in, on, at, by, to, with 等意）表加强asocial（不好社交的）,anonymous（匿名的） ahead（在前面）,aside（在边上）， alive（活着的）,asleep（睡着的） aloud（大声地）,awake（唤醒;醒着的）ab-离去，相反，不absent（缺席的）,abnormal（不正常的）anti-反对，抵抗aniiwar（反对战争的），anlibody（抗体）auto-自动automobile（汽车.）, autonomous（自治的）co-（共同）coexist（共存）,cooperate（合作）en-（使处于某种状态）enlarge（使扩大），enrich（使富裕），encourage（使有勇气，鼓励）inter-（互相，在什么之间）international（国际的）,interview（采访,面试）mis-（错误地）mistake（错误）,misunderstand（误解）re-（再，X）reuse （重复使用），recycle （回收利用）sub-（下面的，次，小）subway（地铁）,subtitle（字幕，副标题）super-（在上面的，超级）supermarket（超市）,superpower（超能力）tele-（远，远程）television（电视），telephone（电话）trans-（穿过，变）translate（翻译），transform（改变,变形，转化）否定前缀（不，表否定） dis-im- in- ir-un-non-disagrec（不同意）,dislike（不喜欢）, disappear（消失），discover（发现，显露） impossible（不可能的）,impolite（没礼貌的） infoi mal（非正式的）,incorrect（不正确的） irresponsible（不负责）,irrefutable（无可辩驳的） unfair （不公平的）,unhappy（不开心的） nonsmoking（不吸烟的）,nonhuman（非人类的）后缀例词-or/er （从事某种职业的人）-ian/-isl （精通某专业的人） ,名词后缀actor, doctor, singer, teacher, driver, farmer musician（音乐家）,historian（历史学家）artist（艺 术家）,scientist（科学家）,pianist（钢琴家）-ese （某地人），名词后缀Chinese（中国人）,Japanese（ 本人）-ess（雌性，女的），名词后缀actress（女演员），waitress（女服务员）-ment（行为过程），名词后缀agreement（协议），government（管理，政府）-ness（性质状态），名词后缀happiness（开心、，幸福），illness（疾病）“ion（动作，过程），名词后缀education（教育）,celebration（庆祝）sion（动作过程），名词后缀discussion（讨论），expression（表达）ship（关系，技能）, 名词后缀friendship（友谊）,relationship（关系/亲戚关系） leadership（领导力）,horsemanship（骑马术）-ty（性质状态），名词后缀-ty还是几十的数词后缀difficulty（困难）,safety（安全）,ability（能力）, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, seventy, eighty, ninety-leen（十几），数词后缀thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, eighteen, nineteen-th （第几），序数词后缀fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twentieth, fortieth-y（性质），形容词后缀healthy, wealthy, windy, snowy, rainy, cloudying（修饰物），形容词后缀exciting, interesting, relaxing, surprising-ed（修饰人），形容词后缀excited, interested, relaxed, surprised-al（的），形容词后缀natural, national, traditional, central-able（能够的），形容词后缀comfortable, enjoyable, valuable, washable-ible（能够的），形容词后缀possible, responsible, terrible, sensible-OUS（充满的），形容词后缀curious, dangerous, humorous, mountainous-ful（充满的），形容词后缀beautiful, colorful, hopeful, useful, meaningful-less（没有，无），形容词后缀homeless, hopeless, useless, meaningless-ern（方向的），形容词后缀western, eastern, southern, northeastern-some，形容词后缀handsome, troublesome, awesome-ly,形容词后缀friendly, daily, weekly, lovely, lively, lonely-ly»副词后缀carefully, happily, quickly, especially, suddenly-en（材料的），形容词后缀-en结尾过去分词做形容词golden, wooden, woolenbroken, stolen, fallen, drunken, spokenen（使变得），多接在 形容词之后，动词后缀widen（加宽）,broaden（开扩）,shorten（缩短）, strengthen（加强）,weaken （削弱,变弱）-fy（使化），动词后缀beautify（美化）,purify（净化）,qualify（有资格）ate（做，造成），动词后缀educate（教育）,graduate（毕业）,locate（位于）ise英式/ize美式（使.化）,动词后缀realise/realize（意识到）,memorise/memorize（iE 住）,globalise/globalize（全球化）用同步练习语法专练英语构洞法题组A基础过关练单选题（本大题共50小题，共100.0分）1. Kate is? ? ? ? ?girl. She's very happy at school.A. a eighteen-year-oldB. an eighteen-year-oldC. an eighteen-years-oldD. a eighteen-years-old2. Helen was the winner of the race. We were proud of her.A. 100-metres B. 100-metreC. 100 metres D. 100 metre3. The documentary describes in the future.A. two hours' ; how Shanghai will be likeB. two-hour; how Shanghai will be likeC. two-hour; what Shanghai will be likeD. two hour' s; what Shanghai will be like4. exciting news! We will have a holiday after the exam.A. What an; two monthsB. How an; two monthsC. What; two-monlhD. How; two months'5. Look! There is over there. Do you know him?A. a 8-year-old boyB. an 8-year-old boyC. a 8-years old boyD. an 8-years old boy6. Hi, Jim! What's your plan?I will be on holiday.A. a two-dayB. a two dayC. a two-day'sD. a two-days7. Which of the following is a compound word just like "snowball"?A. buildingB. introduceC. weekendD. competition8. news! Our family will go to Guilin for a visit.A. What an excited;?six days'B. What excited;?six days'C. What an exciting;?six-dayD. What exciting;?six-day9. 一Why are you so happy?Because we'll enjoy holiday.A. seven days B. a seven-day C. a seven-days10. young people went to the theatre to watch the play.A. Thousands of; 130 minutesB. Thousands of; 130-minutesC. Thousands of; 130-minuteD. Thousand of; 130-minute11. "Weekday" is a compound word. Which of the following is another compound word?A. hopelessB. directionC. uncomfortableD. gentleman12. Our Chinese teacher often gives us a test before class.A. five-minuteB. five minutesC. five-minutesD. five minute13. I hear we will have a holiday in.A. three-day; three daysB. three day' s; three days*C. three-day; three day, sD. three days; three-daysWhich of the following words is formed in the same way as snowball?A. dailyB. actorC. pancakeD. discussion Is the theme park far from here?- No. It is only a bus ride away.A. twenty-minuteB. twenty-minutesC. twenty-minute , sD. twenty-minutes ,14. Which of the following words is NOT a compound （合成词）word?A. toothache B. weekend C. meaningful D. blackboardWhich of the following words is formed the same way as “toothache” ?A. uselessB. unusualC. lovelyD. weekdayWe cannot add “ un- " to to give it the opposite （相反的）meaning.A. certainB. importantC. comfortableD. activeThe wedding dress is inexpensive but well-made. In the word inexpensive, （he in- means.A. veryB. moreC. notD. less2（）. We can put "un" before the following words except.A. correctB. comfortableC. certainD. interestingWe can add "im-" to to give it the opposite meaning.A. certainB. necessaryC. comfortableD. possibleWhich of the following words has a different prefix to make it have an opposite meaning?A. activeB. honestC. correctD. directWe can put the prefix "un-" before the following words to give them the opposite meaning except （除 7）222222A. patientB. comfortable C. happyD. certainYou can use a? ? ? ? ? machine ? ? ? ? ?.A. washing; to do some washingB. washes; do some washingC. wash; to washesD. washing; to wash nothing21. You shouldn't your daughter at home. She can receive better at school.A. educate; educateB. education; educationC. educate; educationD. education; educate22. 一What's Anna like?-She is. She likes to help her friends.A. helpB. helpfulC. helpsD. helpedGeorge treats everyone with and warmth, spreading positive energy.A. kindB. kindlyC. kindnessD. kindlessWhich of the following suffixes （后缀）means "without"?A. -ableB. -fulC. -ousD. -lessWhich of the following words can add a "-ly" to form an adjective?A. realB. badC. usualD. friendTom is not in good, because he has eating habits.A. healthy; healthB. health; healthyC. health; unhealthyD. unhealthy; health23. “You must be to others,w the woman said to me.A. polite; politelyB. politely; politeC. polite; politeD. politely; politely24. 一Did you get the points at the meeting?Yes, of course. I listened all the time.A. careful enoughB. carefully enoughC. enough carefulD. enough carefully33.1. ea great.He over 10,000 during his life.A. invent,invented, inventionsB. inventor,invented, inventionC. inventor invented, inventionsD. inventor ,invents, inventions34. 一The radio says it is a? day today.一Yes. Look! 1（ is ? heavily now.A. rain; raining B. rainy; rainy C. rainy; raining.1?was?floaling in?a?cloud?in?lhe?sky.A. comfortableB. comfortablyC. comfortD. uncomfortableThe girl is very kind. She has two bright eyes.A. smileB. smilesC. smiledD. smilingMr. Harris?looks?today. He's?looking?at?every?student?in?his?class, even?the?naughty?boys.A. happily; happyB.unhappy; happilyC. happy; unhappilyD.happy; happily36. Thc?tclcvision?is?a?machinc.A. newly-inventedB.new-inventedC. newly-invenlD.newly-invenlion37. In the words homeless and useless,?the?less means?.A. be full ofB. withoutC. veryD. canThe climbers made a fire during the night in order to be in the mountain.A. safeB. safelyC. saveD. safety-Could I use your computer to send an e-mail?-Sure, but you must wait a few minutes. I some information about Easter.A. downloadedB. downloadC. am?downloadingD. was?downloading38. -You look excited. What happened?-I saw a rabbit and ran the field after it.A. throughB. cross43. Although the old man livesA. by?himself, ?aloneC. lonely, alone44. -Why?do?you?like?-?I?think?it?is?great?fun.A. actB. actsC. acrosshe doesn't feel at all.B. alone, ?lonelyD. crossingC. actionD. acting45. -What made James so?-He couldn't find his ticket anywhere.D. upsetA. dangerous B. successful C. carefulI'm that they invited me to their party because I don't know them well.A. interested B. interesting C. surprised D. surprisingClassmates in our grade a big family. Everyone really living in a placethat.A. are like; likes; likeB. like; likes; is likeC. are like; like; likesD. like; is like; likes46. My classmate Sandy often a lot and feels her exam results.A. worried, woiTiedB. worries about, worryC. worries, worried aboutD. worries, worries about47. Columbus'（哥伦布）? was quite an eve