2023届高三英语考前冲刺指导讲义.docx

英语考前指导一、时间分配表题型分值（120分） 时间（100分钟）14:4514:55在答题卡上认真填写个人信息；14:5515:00看语法填空阅读理解七选五35完形填空1515语法填空155写作第一节1515写作第二节2525根据自己的具体情况匀出：5分钟填涂答题卡检查各题型解题技巧一、阅读理解Which of the following statements is True (Not True)?Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage?What is the reason that.?/What is the reason for.?What do we know about.?/What can we learn about.?How did the people know.?然后通过略读及查间接转述找答案。 归纳。解题策略 不必通篇细看原文，带着问题找答案，先从问题中抓住关键词， 读在文章中寻找相关信息。 细节理解题的正确选项通常是对原文细节的同义代换，我们要变通理解, 解答“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、主要设问方式Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article?The best headline for this newspaper article is.What is the topic of the text?The text is mainly about.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph ?What would be the best title for the text ?解题策略-标题类文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。特点如下：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。主旨类 概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头，再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就 通过关键词句来概括（如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心 的动词或反映人物特点的形容词）。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记：作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时， 要注意一些转折词，当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者 的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。主要设问方式The underlined words ntook off* in paragraph 2 mean ”H.What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to?The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that.Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph?Who does nIH refer to in the text?猜词技巧根据构词法（合成、派生等）进行猜测根据逻辑关系（因果、转折、对比、解释、例证等）进行猜测根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测主要设问方式It can be inferred/ implied/ suggested from the passage （or the last paragraph） that.Where would you most probably find this passage?What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph（s）?What is the author's attitude towards.?What is the purpose of this text?解题技巧根据不同文体，推断目的意图作者的写作目的通常有以下三种：1） to entertain readers,常见于故事类的文章。2） to persuade readers,常见于广告类的文章。3） to inform readers,多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章。根据用词风格，推断情感态度1）表示褒义的词语：positive积极的；favourable支持的；optimistic乐观的等2）表示中性的词语：uninterested冷漠的;neutral中立的;impersonal不带个人感情的;objective客观的等3）表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到厌恶的；critical批评的、批判的;negative消极的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant 容忍的等根据写作思路，推断段落发展做题时，体会作者的写作思路，从宏观上梳理文章的结构框架；同时把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。根据事实细节，推断合理信息以文字信息为依据，不做在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不根据表面文字信息做多步推理。主要设问方式How is the passage organized?Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage?What will the author most probably talk about next?The author develops the passage mainly by.The first paragraph serves as a （n）.The example of. is given to show/illustrate that.解题策略了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总一分；总一分一总；分一总）、 并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）。 了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：put forward a question -analyze the question f solve the question；argument/idea evidence conclusion/restating （重述）the idea.了解文章的修辞手法。“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。“引用”和“例证”的共同 目的就是增强说服力，以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是 服务于段落或篇章的主题。二、七选五三步解题法通过设空位置确定功能段首句常为段落主题句，总领全段。小标题短小精悍，常为名词短语或祈使句。段中句常涉及细节信息，细读前后句。段末句常为结论、概括性语句；或承上启下，引出下段。通过关键词确定线索同义或反义词代换、同词复现、数词线索、代词线索、冠词线索等。通过逻辑关系敲定答案主题概括、总分/分总、因果、并列、转折、问答、空间、时间关系等。三、完形填空解题技巧首句不设空！读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向，对理解全文起着至关重要的作用。在仔细阅读首句后，应快速阅读全文，确定文章的体裁、主旨和结构。2.行文逻辑要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局，明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系, 利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。原词或同根词复现、同义词或近义词复现、反义词复现、结构复现等。4.习惯搭配动介搭配、动宾搭配、介词搭配、句式搭配、句型搭配、习语搭配。四、语法填空解题技巧1 .有提示词（最多填3个词）名词：改变词性、单复数形容词：改变词性、比较级和最高级、反义词 动词：改变词性、缺谓填谓，不缺谓填非谓 人称代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词2.无提示词（最多填1个词）冠词：名词前设空且无提示词，必须考虑是否填入冠词；序数词、形容词最高级前更要注意填 冠词连词：判断前后句意是什么逻辑关系：并列、转折、因果、让步等；注意固定搭配：eitheror,neither.nor, both.and, not only.but also.等从句引导/关系词：常考察定语从句、名词性从句五、应用文满分必杀技第一步读题两遍：看全要点、字数要求、确定文体、时态，人称格式第二步写出提纲：要全面包含所提供的情景要点第三步根据要求的字数，把提纲扩展成篇应用文尽量采用三段式（总分总结构；第二段主体部分开头设置一个主旨句，然后再展开）恰当使用衔接词多用高级表达，短语优先尽量使用之前背过的句型或范文（但记得适当变换句式）运用从句提升表达注意使用正确的时态和语态，主谓一致，单词拼写准确无误保持卷面干净、清楚（较长或较难拼写的单词可以在草稿纸上练习拼写后再誉写）六、读后续写解题技巧精读文章，获取记叙文六要素L关注标题，浏览全文，获取全文时态及基调。2.分段获取记叙文when, where, who, what, why, how六要素。3梳理线索，借鉴脑海中的叙事模型，勾画文章情节。根据信息提炼文章主题一般情况下，读后续写都是通过小故事讲述大道理，彰显正能量，弘扬真善美。根据段首句做出合理预测每一段的段首句有承上启下的作用，故预测思路如下：L第一段段首句和原文衔接，并且引出下文。标注出第一段段首句的关键词，合理推测下文将要 续写的内容，即故事的下降部分。2.第二段段首句需要和第一段续写内容衔接，并引出故事的结局。标注出第二段段首句的关键词, 反推出第一段的结尾。同时，根据第二段段首句的关键词，预测下文将要续写的内容，即故事 的结局。完整勾勒出整个叙事模型Climax构思内容润色语言工整书写第一段根据段首句续写展开内容衔接第二段段首句第二段根据段首句续写故事结局呼应/升华主旨高考前特别提醒考生注意以下几点：L认真分析高考真题，把握试题的难度和方向。高考读后续写的试题故事的理解难度并不很大，因为难 度在续写上，这点必须清楚，所以我们要给学生自信心。只要能看懂文章就有希望，就能写，能写就能得分。2 .从近年来的高考读后续写命题思想看，高考读后续写的故事情节清晰，给出的故事内容加上合理的、 符合逻辑的续写之后是一个完整的故事。3 .读后续写的简单思维流程。读后续写没那么可怕，读后续写简单地说：读懂给出的故 事（并不难）故事里面有谁 who （人物）他或他们在那个时间里，干了 什么（when 和 what）他或他们为什么这么干（why）,这是你续写的关键后续你要他和他们怎么干，为什么why,这是你续写的灵魂。注意给出的两个段 落的首句的衔接续写完成之后，确保是一个闭环 的完整的故事（有中心思想）4,考前回归课本，熟悉基本的句型和词汇。务必用学生课本中学过熟悉的词汇、短语和句型及语法手段 来描写人物的心理、神态、思想，描写场景，渲染气氛。千万不要让学生背诵一些新的漫无边际的所谓好句 子和素材，那用不上。否则，费力不讨好，后果很差。必须把课本中的东西背诵到“春眠不觉晓”的地步，学 生才能在考场上信手拈来，自由发挥。高中英语常考的60个熟词生义（含例句）1. absent adj.缺席的一adj.茫然的，恍惚的She looked at the picture in an absent（茫然的）way.Having left for ages, he was aching（渴望）for home.The president will address（发表演说）his speech at 3： 00 pm.4. against prep.逆着,反对；倚,靠；碰一prep.以为背景The picture looks nice against（以.为背景）the white wall.5. attend v.出席；参加一v.看护；治疗；陪同The nurse attended（看护）to him day and night.6. blank adj.空白的n.空白一adj.没表情的；空虚的；没兴趣的The stranger returned my greeting with a blank（没表T青的）look.His songs always make me feel blue（忧伤的）.8. build vt建筑，建造一v.逐渐增强n.体格，体形，身材One should receive training to build（逐渐增强）up one's confidence.You!re right, Josh. He may have a small build（身材）.9. cause vt.促使，引起一n.原因，起因；事业，目标Even with a staff of 22 volunteers, Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause（事 业）.10. cloudy adj.阴的，多云的一adj.不明朗的，不清晰的Who will take his place still remains cloudy（不明朗的）.11. coach n.薪练一v.辅导，指导She coached（指导）me in playing football.12. count n. & v.计算，数一vi.有价值,重要It is not how much you read but what you read that counts（重要）.The courses（菜谱）vary with seasons.14. cover v.覆盖一v.行走（一段路程）；足以支付，够付；采访n.书刊封面，封皮Motor-cars cover（彳亍走一段路程）a hundred miles in little more than an hour.To co ver（足以支付）the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time.Don't be cross（生气的）with him一after all, he is a child.16. desert n.沙漠一v.抛弃，离弃He deserted（抛弃）his wife and children and went abroad.Having been cheated in a business deal（交易），he was reduced to nothing.Did you have the films developed（冲印）?19. drive v.驾驶一v.迫使（某人做不好的事）Hunger drove（迫使）her to steal.Is there an express（快车）from Nanjing to Shanghai?21. encourage vt.鼓励；激励一v.促进，助长，刺激Good health encourages（促进）clear thinking.22. escape v.逃跑；逃脱一v.被忘掉；被忽视The name escapes（被忘掉）me for the moment.23. explode v.爆炸；爆裂一v.勃然大怒；大发雷霆I'm about to explode（勃然大怒）！ He broke his promise again.You must exploit（利用）every opportunity to learn English.25. fail vi.失败一vi.（健康）衰退，变弱William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail（变弱）.The subject is foreign（不熟悉的）to all of us.27. freeze vi.结冰，（使）冻结一v.惊呆，吓呆Grandfather froze（吓呆）in fear. Was he going to lose his job?She is quite fresh（无经验的）to the work.He has strong grounds（理由）for more money.30. govern v.管理；控制一vt.影响；支配The law of supply and demand governs（影响）the prices of goods.31. help vt需助>vi.避免,防止,起作用Try not to cough more than you can help（避免，防止）since it may cause problems to your lungs.32. hit v.击中，打击一n.成功；红极一时的人或事It's no good speaking ill（坏地）of others.She had brought ill （坏的）luck into her family.34. interest n.兴趣一>n.利益；股份Our family has interests（利益）in the business.His best music was inspired（启发）by the memory of his mother.36. jump v. & n.跳一n.& v.大幅度上涨Last week the price of goods jumped（大幅度上;张）.37. kill v.杀死，弄死一v.消磨或打发（时间）How does the man kill（打发时间）time?He is the last（最不可能的）man I want to see.39. match n.火柴，旗鼓相当的人一vt般配，与匹配She matched（匹酉己）the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.40. mean v.打算；意味着一adj.小气的，吝啬的 means n.方式，方法He is too mean（吝啬的）to make a donation.In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means（方式）of transportation.41. measure n.措施，方法一v.估量，判定（重要性、价值或影响等）It's hard to measure（判定）his ability when we haven't seen his work.42. narrow adj.狭窄的一vt.缩小，使变窄Parents and children should communicate more to narrow （使变窄， 缩小）the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.43. nurse n.护士，保姆一v.看护，照料（病人或伤者）For two days he was nursed（照料）by his mother.44. note n.笔记一v.注意，特别指出，提及I noted（注意至U）that her hands were dirty.45. open v,开a可.开着的，打开的一adj.（问题、议事等）未解决的They left the matter open（未解决的）.The medicine operated（起作用）quickly.47. position n.位置；职位一n.立场；观点What*s your position（观点）on the problem?48. promise v. & n.许诺>v.有的希望；使有可能The dark clouds promise（使有可能）rain.49. read v.阅读一v.理解；领会I didn't read（领会）mother's thoughts at that time.50. say vt,说一vt.假定，显示，表明Say（假定）that war breaks out, what will you do?Young people should learn to shoulder（承担）the blame.52.solidadj.定的，坚硬的一adj.可靠的，可信赖的The research lacks solid（可靠的）evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.53. strength n.力，力量，体力一n.长处，强项A basketball coach must know the strengths（长处）and weaknesses of his players.54. taste v.品尝，尝出味道一n.味道，鉴赏力，爱好While she was in Paris, she developed a taste（爱好）for fine art.55. sign n.符号，记号一n.迹象，预兆v.签字，签署Bearing responsibility for his mistakes is a sign（征3K）of a man's maturity.Therefore, students should be advised to sign（签字）up as soon as possible.56. stand v.站，站立，直立一v.忍受n.货摊The author could not stand（忍受）living in a wooden house.I found the fish stand（货摊）surrounded in a sea of customers.57. store n.（大型）百货商店一v.& n.贮藏，贮存，保存Although dams can be built to store（贮存）water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons.58. treat vt.以态度对待vt,治疗，医治v.&n.款待，招待The doctor is skilled at treating（治疗）heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.Let's go out for lunch-my treat（款待）.This society welcomes people from all walks（行业）of life.60. wear v.穿，戴一v.面带，流露；留（发,须等）I can still remember he was always wearing（面带）a smile