2023年中考英语语法之名词高频考点.docx
2023年初中英语语法之名词高频考点名词所有格1、飞所有格:1)构成:A. 一般词尾+'s. : the teacher's office, Xiao Li' s sister's husband1s mother.B.以s结尾的复数名词只+ workers' rest room.C.不以s结尾的复数名词加's: children's toys.D.复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加,s : my sister-in-law1s brother.E.表示共同所有的几个名词,只在最后一个词的后面加飞: This is Tom, James and Dick's room.F.表示各个所有关系的几个名词,在每个名词后分别加飞:Jenny's, Jean's and Mary's rooms face to the south.G,名词短语只在最后一个词后加's: a quarter of an hour1 s talk.2)用法:A.名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词,表示所属关系:LeiFeng1s dairy.【答案】D【解析】第一空考查短语:in poverty,意为:在贫困中。第二 空抽象名词具体化,receive a good education,意为:接受良好的 教育。【变式探究】Life fordisabled in Uganda is difficult,but for children it can be shock that can never be overcome.A. a; theB.不填;aC. a;不填D. the; a【答案】D【解析】句意:生活对于乌干达的残疾人来说是困难的,但对于 孩子们来说,生活可能就是永远无法克服的一种震惊。第一空后是形 容词,the +形容词表示一类人,the disabled残疾人;第二空属 于抽象名词具体化,“一种震惊”。故选D。B. 用于表示时间的名词: today1 s paper, an hour's drive. Friday1s work.C.用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词:the country' s plan. the farm's fruit. China's population.D.用于表示由人组成的集体名词: our party1s standE.用于表示度量、价值的名词:two dollars1 worth of books, a poundf s weight.2、of所有格:1)凡不能用飞属格的情况可用of属格表示所属关系:the City of New York, a map of China.2)下列情况通常要用of属格:A.当名词有较长的定语时:the name of the girl standing at the gate.Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday.复合名词:名词修饰名词的复数变化(常考)1 .男人、女人 前后都变:但当nl=man/woman时,变复数,两 者一起变。a man teacher, two men teachers2 .其他:中心词变:nl of n2,变nlsome places of interestnl+n2, 一般只变n2a book shop, two book shopsThey are bus drivers.(正确)They are buses drivers.(错误)They are woman drivers.(错误)They are women drivers.(正确)3 . mother-in-law (婆婆;岳母)复数 mothers-in-law有规则的有:名词复数构成的方法(1)直接在名词后加S如 orange一oranges; photo一photos;(2)以x, s, sh, ch结尾的加es如: box一boxes; glass一glasses; waitress一waitresses; watch一watches;peach-peaches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如:study一studies;library一libraries; hobby一hobbies; family一families;(4)以 f, fe 结尾的改 f, fe 为 v+es 如:knife一knives; thiefthieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mangomangoes 其余力口 s,)不规则的有:man一men; woman一women; people一people; child一children高频考点一、考查名词词义辨析例 1. Nowadays thefor travelling is shifted fromshopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:现在旅游的优先事项从购物转移 到了食物和风景。priority "优先事项,首要事情";potential “可能性” ;proportion "比例";pension "养老金”。【举一反三】Try to understand what' s actually happening instead of acting on the you' ve made.A. assignmentB. associationC. acquisitionD. assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。根据句中的actually可知选择 assumption,表示“要努力弄懂事实上正在发生的事情而不是把你的 行为建立在假设之上”。assignment ”任务,作业";association “协会,团体,联系,联想";acquisition ”获得,习得“。【方法技巧】名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度 和名词在具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有:异义词辨析、同义词 辨析和近义词辨析。在做题时,先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法, 然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。【变式探究】Widespreadabout the worsening of environment caused by abandoned plastics has led Collins to name “single-use“ as its English-language Word of the Year.A. doubtB. concernC. complaintD. confusion【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:对废弃塑料造成的环境恶化的广 泛关注使得柯林斯将“single-use”选为年度英语单词。concern ”关 切,担心”,符合语境。doubt”怀疑";complaint"抱怨";confusion “困惑”。高频考点二名词的搭配例 2、We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n)on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:我们能够观察到,人工智能在很 多方面已对我们的生活产生了影响。A项意为“陈述”;B项意为“影 响”;C项意为“印象”;D项意为“判断”。结合句意可知,应选 Bo【方法技巧】高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类:“介词+名词”和“动 词+名词”。常考的名词短语:(1)out of one' s reach 在某人够不到的地方beyond recognition无法辨认in great demand需求量很大in progress在进行中out of question不成问题;无疑of great value ( = very valuable)非常有价值的(2)have/gain access to可以获得gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于take advantage of利用,趁之机pay attention to注意make the best of充分利用,妥善处理find fault with挑的错;吹毛求疵keep pace with与同步put an end to 结束take notice of注意至Utake. . . into account 考虑catch sight of看见have a good reputation有个好名声make a difference有影响;有关系【特别提醒】下列固定搭配中名词用复数形式:make preparations for 为做准备;take pains to do 尽力,刻苦;make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵;take turns to do 轮流;be in high spirits 兴致勃勃;make repairs 修理;burst into tears 放 声大哭;in all directions向四面八方。【变式探究】When he was running after his brother, the boylost his and had a bad fall.A. balanceB. chanceC. memoryD. place【答案】A【解析】考查语境选词。句意:当这个男孩追赶弟弟的时候,他 失去了平衡,狠狠地摔了 一跤。根据句中的had a bad fall可知, 这个男孩之所以摔倒是因为失去了平衡,lose one' s balance意为 "失去平衡"。chance机会;memory记忆;place地方。高频考点三抽象名词具体化例 3、Being ableto afforddrink would becomfort inthose tough times.A. the; theC. a;不填B. a; aD.不填;a【答案】B【解析】不可数名词可以和不定冠词连用,表示名词的具体化。 句中的a drink表示"一杯饮料",后面的a comfort表示“一件令 人感到安慰的事或一个令人感到安慰的人”。句意:在那些难熬的时 光中,能买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。【方法技巧】抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等的名词,通常不与不定冠词连用。但是,当这些抽象名词表示具体概念时,前面可加不定冠词,用来表示具体的人或物。常译为“一次的事;一个的人;一种东西”。常见的此类名词:单词 抽象名词 具体化名词意义success 成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事attraction 吸引 有吸引力的人或事物beauty 美;美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰;慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger 危险 危险的人或因素delight 高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情experience 经验 经历opportunity to receivegood education.A. the; /B. the; aC. /; /D. /; a