高中英语语法教案_及_练习.pdf
高 中 英 语 语 法 教 案(全 套)及 配 套 练 习 1.名 词 名 词 可 以 分 为 专 有 名 词 和 普 通 名 词,专 有 名 词 是 某 个(些)人,地 方,机 构 等 专 有 的 名 称,如 Beijing,China等。普 通 名 词 是 一 类 人 或 东 西 或 是 一 个 抽 象 概 念 的 名 词,如:book,sadness等。普 通 名 词 又 可 分 为 下 面 四 类:1)个 体 名 词:表 示 某 类 人 或 东 西 中 的 个 体,如:guno2)集 体 名 词:表 示 若 干 个 个 体 组 成 的 集 合 体,如:familyo3)物 质 名 词:表 示 无 法 分 为 个 体 的 实 物,如:airo4)抽 象 名 词:表 示 动 作、状 态、质 量、感 情 等 抽 象 概 念,如:worko个 体 名 词 和 集 体 名 词 可 以 用 数 目 来 计 算,称 为 可 数 名 词,物 质 名 词 和 抽 象 名 词 一 般 无 法 用 数 目 计 算,称 为 不 可 数 名 词。归 纳 一 下,名 词 的 分 类 可 以 下 图 表 示:名 词 专 有 名 词 不 可 数 名 词 普 通 名 词 物 质 名 词 抽 象 名 词 集 体 名 词 可 数 名 词 个 体 名 词 1.1 名 词 复 数 的 规 则 变 化 情 况 构 成 方 法 读 音 例 词 般 情 况 加-s 清 辅 音 后 读/s/map-maps浊 辅 音 和 元 音 后 读/z/bag-bags/car-cars以 s,sh,ch,x 等 结 尾 加-es 读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以 ce,se,ze,等 结 尾 加-s 读/iz/license-licenses以 辅 音 字 母+y结 尾 变 y 为 i 再 加 e s 读/z/babybabies1.2 其 它 名 词 复 数 的 规 则 变 化 1)以 y 结 尾 的 专 有 名 词,或 元 音 字 母+y 结 尾 的 名 词 变 复 数 时,直 接 加 s 变 复 数。例 如:two Marys the Henrysmonkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2)以。结 尾 的 名 词,变 复 数 时:a.力 口 s,如:photo photos piano-pianos第 1 页 共 1 9 4页radio-radios zoo-zoos;b.加 e s,如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoesc.上 述 a和 b 两 种 方 法 均 可,如 zero-zeros/zeroes o3)以 f 或 f e 结 尾 的 名 词 变 复 数 时:a.加 s,如:beliefbeliefs roofroofssafe-safes gulf-gulfs;b.去 f,fe 加 v e s,如:halfhalvesknife 一 knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolveswife-wives life-lives thiefthieves;c.上 述 a 和 b 两 种 方 法 均 可,如 handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieveso1.3名 词 复 数 的 不 规 则 变 化 1)child-children foot 一 feet tooth-teethmouse-mice m an-m en woman-women注 意:由 一 个 词 加 m a n或 w om an构 成 的 合 成 词,其 复 数 形 式 也 是-m en和-w om en,如 an Englishman,two Englishmeno 但 German 不 是 合 成 词,故 复 数 形 式 为 Germans;Bowman 是 姓,其 复 数 是 the Bowmanso2)单 复 同 形,如 deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但 除 人 民 币 的 元、角、分 外,美 元、英 镑、法 郎 等 都 有 复 数 形 式。如:a dollar,two dollars;a meter,two meters03)集 体 名 词,以 单 数 形 式 出 现,但 实 为 复 数。例 如:people police cattle 等 本 身 就 是 复 数,不 能 说 a people,a police,a c a ttle,但 可 以 说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Sw iss等 名 词,表 示 国 民 总 称 时,作 复 数 用,如 The Chinese are industries and b r a v e.中 国 人 民 是 勤 劳 勇 敢 的。4)以 s 结 尾,仍 为 单 数 的 名 词,如:a.maths,politics,physics等 学 科 名 词,一 般 是 不 可 数 名 词,为 单 数。b.n e w s为 不 可 数 名 词。c.the United States,the United Nations 应 视 为 单 数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联 合 国 是 1945 年 组 建 起 来 的。d.以 复 数 形 式 出 现 的 书 名,剧 名,报 纸,杂 志 名,也 可 视 为 单 数。例 如:The Arabian Nights”is a very interesting story-book.一 千 零 一 一 夜 是 一 本 非 常 有 趣 的 故 事 书。5)表 示 由 两 部 分 构 成 的 东 西,如:glasses(眼 镜)trousers,clothes等,若 表 达 具 体 数 目,要 借 助 数 量 值 pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two第 2 页 共 1 9 4页pairs of trousers 等。6)另 外 还 有 一 些 名 词,其 复 数 形 式 有 时 可 表 示 特 别 意 思,如:goods货 物,waters水 域,fishes(各 种)鱼。1.4不 可 数 名 词 量 的 表 示 1)物 质 名 词 a.当 物 质 名 词 转 化 为 个 体 名 词 时 为 可 数。比 较:Cake is a kind of f o o d.蛋 糕 是 一 种 食 物。(不 可 数)These cakes are s w e e t.这 些 蛋 糕 很 好 吃。(可 数)b.当 物 质 名 词 表 示 该 物 质 的 种 类 时,可 数。例 如:This factory produces s t e e l.(不 可 数)We need various s t e e l s.(可 数)c.当 物 质 名 词 表 示 份 数 时,可 数。例 如:Our country is famous for te a.我 国 因 茶 叶 而 闻 名。Two teas,please.请 来 两 杯 茶。2)抽 象 名 词 表 示 具 体 的 事 例 时 也 可 数。例 如:four freedoms 四 大 自 由 the four modernizations 四 个 现 代 化 物 质 名 词 和 抽 象 名 词 可 以 借 助 单 位 词 表 一 定 的 数 量,如 a glass of water 杯 水/apiece of advice 一 贝 建 议。5.定 语 名 词 的 复 数 名 词 作 定 语 一 般 用 单 数,但 也 有 以 下 例 外。1)用 复 数 作 定 语。例 如:sports meeting 运 动 会 students reading-room 学 生 阅 览 室 talks table 谈 判 桌 the foreign languages department 夕 卜 语 系 2)man,woman,gentleman等 作 定 语 时,其 单 复 数 以 所 修 饰 的 名 词 的 单 复 数 而 定。例 如:men workers women teachers gentlemen officials3)有 些 原 有 s 结 尾 的 名 词,作 定 语 时,s 保 留。例 如:goods train(货 车)arms produce 武 器 生 产 customs papers 海 关 文 件 clothes brush 衣 刷 4)数 词+名 词 作 定 语 时,这 个 名 词 一 般 保 留 单 数 形 式。例 如:two-dozen eggs 两 打 鸡 蛋 a ten-mile walk 十 英 里 路 two-hundred trees 两 百 棵 树 a five-year plan.一 个 五 年 计 划 第 3 页 共 1 9 4页1.6 不 同 国 籍 人 的 单 复 数 国 籍 总 称(谓 语 用 复 数)单 数 复 数 中 国 人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞 士 人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳 大 利 亚 人 the Australians an Australian two Australians俄 国 人 the Russians a Russian two Russians意 大 利 人 the Italians an Italian two Italians希 腊 人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法 国 人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen日 本 人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美 国 人 the Americans an American two AmericansE R度 人 the Indians an Indian two Indians力 口 拿 大 人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德 国 人 the Germans a Germans two Germans英 国 人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen瑞 典 人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes1.7 名 词 的 格 英 语 中 有 些 名 词 可 以 加,s”来 表 示 所 有 关 系,带 这 种 词 尾 的 名 词 形 式 称 为 该 名 词 的 所 有 格,如:a teacherVs booko名 词 所 有 格 的 规 则 如 下:1)单 数 名 词 词 尾 加“s,复 数 名 词 词 尾 没 有 s,也 要 加,s,the boyVs bag男 孩 的 书 包,men*s ro o m男 厕 所。2)若 名 词 已 有 复 数 词 尾 s,只 加,如:the workersV stru g g le工 人 的 斗 争。3)凡 不 能 力 口 s”的 名 词,都 可 以 用”名 词+of+名 词”的 结 构 来 表 示 所 有 关 系,如:the title of the song 歌 的 名 字。4)在 表 示 店 铺 或 教 堂 的 名 字 或 某 人 的 家 时,名 词 所 有 格 的 后 面 常 常 不 出 现 它 所 修 饰 的 名 词,如:the b arb ers理 发 店。5)如 果 两 个 名 词 并 列,并 且 分 别 有 s,则 表 示”分 别 有“;只 有 一 个 则 表 示 V共 有 V。例 如:JohnVs and MaryVs rooms(两 间)John and MaryVs room(一 间)6)复 合 名 词 或 短 语,V s加 在 最 后 一 个 词 的 词 尾。例 如:a month or twoVs absence1.8练 习 1.He was eager to make some extra money,since during these years he could hardlylive on h i s.第 4 页 共 1 9 4页a.little wage b.few wage c.wage d.wages2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to during the war.a.an ash b.the ash c.ash d.ashes3.The students at colleges or universities are making for the coming NewYear.a.many preparations b.much preparation c.preparations d.preparation4.Painting in is one of their spare-time activities.a.oil b.an oil c.oils d.the oil5.In the view of the foreign experts,there wasnt oil here.a.much b.lots of c.a great deal of d.many6.The large houses are being painted,b u t.a.of great expense b.at a great expense c.in a lot of expenses d.by high expense7.The room was small and contained far t o o.a.much new furniture c.much new furnituresb.many new furniture d.many new furnitures8.Jim was late for two classes this morning.He said that he forgot both of t h e,a.rooms number b.room number c.rooms numbers d.room numbers9.Computers can d o work in a short time,but a man can not d o byhimself.a great many.many c.much.a great dealb.a great deal of.much d.many.a great many10.She didnt know he had been given.a.how many information c.how many informationsb.the number of information d.how much information11.He invited all of his to join his wedding rade-in-arms rades-in-i*ades-in-arms rade-in-arm12.All the in the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctors c.woman doctorsb.women doctor d.woman doctor13.After ten years,all these youngsters b e c a m e.a.growns-ups c.growns-upb.grown-up d.grown-ups14.The police investigated those about the accident.a.stander-by c.standers-by第 5 页 共 1 9 4页b.stander-bys d.standers-bys15.The Nazi kept those in their concentration camp.a.prisoner-of-wars c.prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-wars d.prisoner-of-war16.The manager was greatly appreciate that made by Linda lately.a.new reel b.news reel c.new-reels d.news reels17.Marys dress is similar in appearance to h e r.a.elder sister b.elder sisters c.elder sisters d.elder sisters dress18.All the people at the conference a r e.a.mathematic teachers c.mathematics teacherb.mathematics teachers d.mathematics teachers19.Professor Mackay told us that of lead are its softness and its resistance.a.some property c.propertiesb.some properties d.property20.Physics with matter and motion.a.deal b.deals c.dealing d.are21.He has written several books,but his last works well known among hisfriends.a.have b.have been c.is d.are22.After he checked up m y heart,the doctor advised him to rest for a fewdays.a.father-in-laws c.father-in-lawb.father-in-law d.fathers-in-laws23.He told m e would come to his birthday party.a.many Jack friends c.many Jacks friendb.Jacks many friends d.many friends of Jacks24.1 had my hair cut at the around the comer.a.barber b.barbers c.barbers d.barbers925.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening a t.a.Peter and Helens c.Peter and Helenb.Peter and Helens d.Peters and Helens26.receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy.a.The earths surface c.The surface of earthb.The surface earth d.The earth surface27.Numerous materials are available t o.第 6 页 共 1 9 4页a.today of designers c.today7s of designersb.todays designers d.today designers28.Why did you speak to Peter that way?Dont you know he is an old friend of?a.my brother b.my brothers c.my brothers d.my brothers friend2 9.is a well-informed man.He can tell you anything you want to know.a.This Johns old friend c.Thats Jahns old friendb.This old friend of John d.This old friend of Johns3 0.is too much for a little boy to carry.a.A bikes weight c.The weight of a bikeb.The weights of a bike d.Biles weight31.Generally there are television programs for children on Saturday.a.little b.much c.a large number of d.a large amount of32.When they got to the lecture-room,there were left.a.only few seats b.a very few seats c.only a few seats d.so a few seats33.travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.a.A little mail b.A piece of mail c.A mail d.A small mail34.The Department purchased to improve the working conditions there.a.a new equipment c.new equipmentsb.a new piece of equipment d.new pieces of equipments35.The boy tried hard but there has been in his work.a.little improvement c.many improvementsb.a little improvement d.few improvements36.Todays modem TV cameras require light as compared with the earliermodels.a.only a few b.only few c.only a little d.only little37.No country can afford to n e g l e c t.a.an education b.educations c.education d.the education38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end o f.a.eighth chapter b.chapter eight c.eight chapter d.chapter the eight3 9.is only surpassed by that of monkeys,and apesa.The intelligent dog c.The intelligence of dogsb.The dogs whose intelligence d.The dogs being intelligent40.All must take the graduate Management Admission lest.a.business student b.businesss students c.business students d.businesss student第 7 页 共 1 9 4页41.anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial ityourself.a.Three minutes call c.A three-minutes callb.Three-minute call d.A 由 ree-minute call42.The about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem.a.publics chief concern c.chief public concernb.public chief concern d.chief concern of publics43.the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of thetranscontinental railroad.a.Chinese were b.The Chinese was c.Chinese was d.The Chinese were44.can get a better view of the game than the participants.a.Looker-on b.Lookers-on c.Looker-ons c.Lookers-ons45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who at the scene of theaccidents within minutes.a.were b.have been c.was d.has been46.Our livestock not as numerous as they used to be.a.is b.are c.be d.been47.One of the most surprising things is that may come from petroleum.a.much of tomorrow food c.many of tomorrows foodb.much of the food of tomorrow d.much of tomorrows food48.Scott is an orphan but he r e c e i v e d.a.very good education c.a very good educationb.very good educations d.many good educations49.After several days hardworking,we have made on the design.a.much improvement c.many improvementb.several improvements d.some improvement5O.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at ayesterday.a.shoes shop b.shoe shop c.shoess shop d.shoes51.Eggs,though nourishing,have of fat content.a.large number b.a large number c.a high amount d.the high amount52.He has done some on that subject from various angles over the past tenyears.a.research b.a research c.researches d.the researches53.Recently,he has lost all h i s.第 8 页 共 1 9 4页a.wage and saving at card c.wages and saving at cardb.wages and savings at card d.wages and savings at cards54.The countrys wealth comes chiefly from its m a n y.a.herd of cattle b.heard of cattles c.herds of cattle d.herds of cattles55.In Britain the are all painted red.a.letter boxes b.letters box c.letters boxes d.letterss box56.Ten years had passed.I found she h a d.a.a little white hair c.a few white hairb.some white hair d.much white hair57.All his far from satisfactiona.conduct is b.conduct are c.conducts is d.conducts will be58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several t i m e s,w a s done.a.a few damages b.few damages c.little damage d.a little damage59.He was what to do.a.at his wit end b.at his wits end c.at his wits end d.at his witss end60.Would you like to have a cup of tea and with me?a two toasts b.two pieces of toast c.two piece of toasts d.tow pieces of toasts61.Accurate covering the fact are not obtainable.a.datum b.datums c.data d.datas62.On Monday morning some teachers exchanged a f e w.a.how-are-yous c.how-are-yousb.of how-are-yous d.of how are you63.Albert said he met the girla.at his uncles Smith room c.at his uncle Smiths roomb.at Smiths his uncles room d.at the room of his uncles Smiths64.lt is four months since I last saw K e a t s.a.at Mrt Smiths,the book seller c.at my aunts,a book sellerb.at my aunts,Mrs Palmers d.at Mrs Palmers,the book sellers65.This room i s.a.the editors-in-chiefs office c.the editor-in-chief9s officeb.the editor-in-chief office d.the editor-in-chief office66.My old classmate,Comrade Sun,works a t.a.a teacher college c.a teachers collegeb.a teacherss college d.a college of a teachers67.The policemen put the c r i m i n a l.第 9 页 共 1 9 4页a.in a iron b.into a iron c.in irons d.into a pair of iron68.Our teacher gave m e.a.an advice b.the advice c.many advice d.much advice69.My mother cut the cloth with scissors.a.a b.two c.a couple of d.a pair of70.My house is within from the railway station.a.a stones throw b.a throw of a stone c.stones throw d.the stones throw附:介 词 练 习 1.She is such an irritating woman,I dont know how you can her.a.put up b.stand up to c.stand with d.put up with2.To get my travelers check I had to a special check to the bank for the totalamount.a.make for b.make out c.make off d.make up3.Little boys are e a s i l y.a.taken in b.taken away c.taken out d.taken over4.The company is going to hand the free samples tomorrow.a.up b.out c.on d.down5.It was purely chance that the mistake was discovered.a.in b.for c.by d.from6.The magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them tohelp him with the performance.a.by accident b.on occasion c.on average d.at random7.1 left for the office earlier than usual this morning traffic jam.a.in case of b.in line with c.for the sake of d.at the risk of8.Some a r e a s,t h e i r severe weather conditions,are hardly populated.a.but for b.in spite of c.due to d.with regard to9.Visitors are asked to comply the regulations.a.at b.in c.with d.on10.H e so much work that he couldnt really do it efficiently.a.put on b.took on c.brought on d.turned on1 l.In order to save time,I my shopping to once a week.a.cut off b.cut out c.cut up d.