【秋季课程人教版初一英语】第13讲 题型训练－完形填空教案.docx

产品更新添加微信号：DEM2008第13讲 讲题型训练完型填空概 述 适用学科初中英语适用年级七年级适用区域人教版区域课时时长（分钟）120知识点人物传记类，逸闻趣事类，生活交往类健康保健类，生态环保类，科普知识类人生哲理类，社会文化类，科学教育类教学目标1.知识与技能目标：掌握完形填空解题步骤，做到解题有思路。透析命题规律，从而增加英语学习的信心。2.过程与方法：1）询问别人的学习方法。 2）学习讨论各种学习方法和策略，学会评价各种学习方法的优劣。3.情感态度与价值观：通过讨论找到适合自己的学习方法，找出自己在英语学习中的困难。教学重点译文章，透彻理解教学难点足够的词汇量教学过程一、导入完形填空题集中测试词义辨析，着重理解文章情境，要做到意思+生活经验，才能做到透彻理解解题周全。那么命题时，有哪些特点和规律呢？解题时，要遵循哪些思路和步骤呢？让我们开始本节课吧！复习预习Hello, everyone. My name is Li Fang. Look at the 1 . There are two 2 in it. The short girl is me and the 3 girl is my sister Li Hong. Shes thirteen years old. She is a middle school student. I am 4 years old and Im in Hope Primary School (希望小学). We have a tidy bedroom. It isnt big but I like it 5 there are many books in our room. I like 6 books. But my sister likes 7 better. She can play ping-pong well. She usually 8 it on weekends. She likes plays it 9 her friends. At school, my favorite subject is math and 10 favorite subject is English. We both study well.1. A. book B. paintingC. photoD. room2. A. girlsB. brothersC. friends D. boys 3. A. oldB. tallC. short D. white4. A. ten B. thirteen C. fourteen D. fifteen 5. A. and B. but C. so D. because 6. A. look B. lookingC. read D. reading7. A. clothes B. sports C. films D. food8. A. play B. playingC. playsD. to play 9. A. in B. with C. at D. on 10. A. hersB. sheC. his D. her二、知识讲解知识点1 一完形主要考查阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力、综合判断能力以及对词汇语法句型等知识的运用能力二考查主要分两类：1. 知识类：词义辨析、惯用法及语法规则、句型及固定搭配2. 逻辑推理类：主要考查推理判断能力，一般上下文中有提示三解题步骤： (1)译文章 (2)填汉字 (3)找选项知识点2 四注意事项：(1)眼离题远一点思维跳出题，走向社会，用自己的话（白话文）说出意思(2)多了解一些西方文化习俗对提高解题能力也大有帮助(3)“知难而跳”五解题感受：做完形就如同“打麻将”，想什么来什么！在起牌前，底牌不允许看，即不允许用代入法。六检查关注上下文意思是否连贯句子前后结构是否准确固定搭配是否考虑准确知识点3 完型填空仍以夹叙夹议类型的文章为主。整篇文章句残文不残，语篇的逻辑性更强。读好文章第一、第二句，读完猜测下文会写什么，然后快速阅读全文，了解全文主线以及作者写作意图，明确全文主旨。做题时，切忌看到一空选一空，因为四个备选项填入后各有意义，不会出现概念性语法或搭配上的错误。因此必须以全文为基础，找到上下文中的关键词和提示语很重要，尤其注意后线索、后暗示或全文线索。不要贸然选择熟悉但并不是围绕全文主线的选项。避免出现一个空出错，下文一串丢分的失误，正所谓失之毫厘，谬之千里。总之，抓住全文主旨，根据上下文揣摩作者写作意图，关注文章主体而不只是十个空，将词填入后使全文逻辑脉络更清晰，才能有效提高完型填空的解题正确率。完型题基本形式相同，变化不大，首句都不设空，多以名词，代词，介词，连词的考察为重点。文章挖空每空平均间距为18个词左右，设计合理有利于学生获取信息。对语法的考察淡化，主要趋势是考察对整个篇章的主旨大意的把握和学生理解通篇的能力，还有对词汇量的考察。知识点4 下面介绍几种实用的解题策略：前言后语藏答案为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一概念重复出现。学生可以借助这一信息选择答案。 Last year, I learned from a newspaper that some sick kids needed help. I phoned the newspaper and I was asked to 1 a little girl named Lisa, who had mental illness. A. take B. help C. teach D. tell解析：答案为B。此题考查阅读理解和语境中动词的运用能力。文章第一句Last year, I learned from a newspaper that some sick kids needed help. 说明“生病的孩子需要帮助”，我打电话就是要提供帮助，其中help为复现词。知识点5 抓住“题眼”，借助语法For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didnt and still doesnt think of herself. 1 she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesnt think that her efforts have made much difference. A. Although B. Unless C. Since D. Before 解析：答案为B。“ 1 she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos” 此句为复合句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，典型表现在时间状语从句和条件状语从句。故先排除A，因为Although引导让步状语从句上。C和D的意思和文章大相径庭。此句意为，Aunt Marion除非在照全家福时被迫站到前面，否则总是站在后排，因此选B。知识点6 从语义入手，缩小答案范围 With tears running down, we smiled at one another. From then on, Lisa never 1 a chance to plant seeds about the volunteer group with others. Her face lit up whenever she talked about our special friendship. A. met B. hadC. lost D. missed 解析：答案为D。此题考查阅读理解和语境中动词的运用能力。从最后一段可以看出，“从那之后，Lisa从未错过任何一次传播友谊的机会。”整句表达肯定的意思，never为否定意义，因此后面应跟一个表示否定意义的词，双重否定构成肯定，锁定C和D，最后根据语境排除C。知识点7考察内容：英语综合运用能力。既考察在特定语境中学生对基础知识的运用能力，又考查学生根据所给内容进行正确的逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概括等能力。记叙文：人物传记类、逸闻趣事类、生活交往类、人生哲理类。说明文：社会文化类、健康保健类、生态环保类、科学教育类、科普知识类。题型分类：文断意连，词汇辨析。空白设置以实词为主，要求学生根据上下文推测空白处所需选项中的哪个意思。知识点8 完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容：（1）词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。（2）语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。（3）结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。从设空的类型看可分为三个层次：、句子层次、句组层次、全篇层次设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。知识点9 “完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有：（1）语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。（2）具有语法变化的普通词，如动词时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形副词的级等。（3）固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。（4）同义词、近义词等易混淆词。（5）根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。知识点10 “完形填空”的解题技巧：（1）重视首句，把握开篇（2）纵观全文，把握大意（3）阅读思酌，精选试填（4）瞻前顾后，寻觅启示（5）排除干扰，仔细鉴别（6）重读全文，校核答案知识点11 训练方法:1. 直接训练法 这种方法也叫常规训练法，就是我们经常做完形填空的方法。需注意以下几点：一是训练时间一定要是规定的时间（完成中考英语完形填空题的理想时间是1520分钟）。二是从重视对单句的理解提高到重视对语篇的理解。三是注意分析错题原因是词法原因还是语法原因，是基本功问题还是做题技巧问题。2. 无单词障碍训练法在完形填空的10个小题中，几乎所有小题都是考查词义辨析和固定搭配的。所以，突破了词汇，完形填空就有希望。此方法就是要求学生在做题之前查出短文中所有不会的词汇，在没有词汇障碍的情况下能够全部做对。此方法能够通过词汇的查阅和学习帮助学生积累丰富的词汇，能够帮助学生在具体语境中灵活掌握词汇的用法。同时，在平时训练中得高分也有助于增强自信心。3. 搁置训练法很多情况下，学生在做了很多题或状态不好时往往还糊里糊涂，这就容易导致连环出错。平时，做完一篇完形填空后可以先放在一边，等过一段时间状态较好时拿出来再重做一遍。这时会发现前几天不理解的句子突然理解了，忘记了的单词突然知道意思了，文章行文逻辑也清晰了，正确率也高了。 4. 改造训练法一般情况下，试题做完对完答案就不再看了，其实这是没有理解完形填空题训练功能的表现。只有认真分析完形填空题原文中的句子、选项中的词以及命题者的命题思路，才可能对文章词法、语法、章法及其所承载的文化有真正的理解。此方法就是要求学生对完形填空题进行改造，将其改成语法单选题、阅读题、还原句子题、阅读与表达题，甚至是写作题。通过各类题型为载体的反复训练，可以将文章中所有的考点消化吸收并有效拓展。训练方式可以小组进行，即“你出题我来做，我出题你来答”。如情况允许，可由教师进行题型改造，这样出题质量会更高，训练效果会更好。5. 横向训练法 此方法要求学生将多篇完形填空选项中涉及相同或相关的词汇放到一起比较它们的区别与联系，这样能够做到举一反三，触类旁通，是提高完形填空题正确率的有效方法。通过两年相同词的横向比较分析，学生对lost和missed在不同语境中的不同词性和不同词义用法会有深刻认识。 6. 无选项训练法 该方法就是要求学生在没有选项的情况下对空缺处进行补充。这种方法有利于对全文的语句结构和行文逻辑进行剖析，有助于培养发散思维。这种方法要求学生在做题中运用精读和跳读的阅读技巧，首先把握全文大意，再对浮现在大脑中的备选项进行具体语境下的择优选择和初步填空，然后运用语法、短语或惯用法的搭配知识进行补充修正。三 、例题精析例题1 Dear friend,My name is Simon. I live in Sydney 1 my family. And I want a pen 2 in New York. Im fourteen years old and my 3 is in March. I have 4 brothers, Paul and Mike, and a sister, Jenny. They have pen friends in Canada, China 5 Japan.I like 6 very much. And I join(参加) an art club(社团) at school. I can learn much 7 it in the club. I also like playing sports. 8 is my favorite sport. And I always play it with my friends on weekends. I like hamburgers very much. They are my 9 food. I like science and history. 10 are fun. But I dont like math. Its too hard.1. A. forB. inC. withD. at2. A. brotherB. classmateC. teacherD. friend3. A. birthdayB. school dayC. homeworkD. housework4. A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four5. A. butB. orC. soD. and6. A. festivalB. playerC. musicD. sports7. A. atB. aboutC. fromD. in8. A. ScienceB. P.E.C. SoccerD. Song9. A. happyB. interestingC. boringD. favorite10. A. TheyB. AllC. WeD. You【例题2】Dear Annie,How are you these days? Thanks 1 your letter. Beijing is beautiful! I like this city 2 I like China. Many subjects in our school are very good. I like music, P.E. and history. Because 3 very interesting. Well, you know Im from America, so I 4 like English. Its really easy for me. But I dont like Chinese, I think its too difficult, I cant learn it 5 . How about your school life? Do you like China? Can you 6 Chinese? I hope you can come to see me soon.Yours,Ben 1. A. of B. for C. to D. at2. A. with B. but C. or D. and3. A. its B. its C. theyre D. were4. A. also B. very C. either D. too5. A. good B. well C. quick D. hard6. A. tell B. talk C. say D. speak四 、课堂运用On Sunday morning, I usually get up very late. I wash my face, and then go out to do morning exercises. It is about 8: 40 am. After I eat my 1 , I often go to a shopping centre 2 my mother. The shopping centre is 3 our home, so we walk there. It takes us about 20 minutes to get there. The shopping centre has a good 4 . It is called“蓝莓购物中心”in Chinese. It doesnt have an English name. Can you 5 it in English? It is new and big. There are many things there, such as TVs, fridges, computers, clothes, food 6 drinks. There are many 7 every day. There are men and women, the old and the 8 . 9 do many people come here to buy things? Do you know? Let me tell you. The workers there are always nice and friendly. The things there are usually good but not 10 . If you come to my home, I can take you there and have a look. 1. A. breakfastB. lunchC. supperD. dinner2. A. forB. toC. ofD. with3. A. nearB. intoC. atD. from4. A. flowerB. placeC. nameD. room5. A. sayB. speakC. tellD. talk6. A. butB. withC. orD. and7. A. studentsB. peopleC. childrenD. teachers8. A. tallB. shortC. youngD. small9. A. WhatB. WhoC. WhyD. When10. A. expensiveB. cheapC. bigD. new五、课后作业The girl is my pen pal. Her name is Anna. She 1 the USA. She is a student. On weekdays, she goes to 2 . On 3 ,she 4 in a zoo. She likes animals, such as tigers, lions, pandas and so on. She thinks they are very cute and strong. She is busy but 5 every day. In the evening, she likes 6 movies with her friends. THe cinema is 7 her house. She always walks there. Her favorite movie is A World Without Thieves. It's 8 interesting movie. Liu Dehua and Liu Ruoying are 9 it. She wants to be a 10 and catch thieves(小偷) if she has a chance(机会).1. A. come from B. is from C. is come from D. be from2. A. work B. the cinemaC. school D. shop3. A. Mondays B. Thursdays C. weekdays D. weekends4. A. is studying B. is working C. works D. studies5. A. happy B. bored C. tired D. sad6. A. going B. goes C. watching D. watches7. A. near B. far from C. in D. in the front of8. A. an B. a C. the D. /9. A. at B. on C. in D. of10. A. driver B. policewomanC. policemanD.doctorI am fine here in China. I have two classes with Chinese 11 . Now I have 12 Chinese friends. They 13 me Chinese and I teach 14 English. I can 15 a little Chinese now.In 16 afternoon, we sing and17 games. My school is not very big, but it is very nice. It is near a river. Sometimes we go 18 in the river. We go to school five days 19 . 20 Sundays I go shopping with my Chinese friends. I have a good time here.( )11.A. families B. workers C. farmers D. students( )12.A. many B. much C. a lot D. lot of( )13.A. give B. get C. teach D. take( )14.A. they B. them C. their D. theirs( )15.A. talk B. say C. speak D. writing( )16.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )17.A. do B. make C. like D. play( )18.A. swim B. to swimming C. swimming D. swiming ( )19.A. a week B. every weeks C. the week D. in weeks( )20.A. In B.On C. At D. Every更多资料添加微信号：DEM2008