2017天津考研英语二真题及答案.pdf

20172017 天津考研英语二真题及答案天津考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blankand mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is nodifferent，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology bereplacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will bedefined by 2.A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses willstruggle in an impoverished wasteland.Adifferentandnot mutuallyexclusive3holds that thefuture willbeawasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give theirlives 5，people will simply become lazy and depressed.6，today s unemployeddont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent ofAmericans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans.Also，some research suggests that the 8 for risingrates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educatedmiddle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 theagonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt11 follow from findings like these that a world without workwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisions arebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13 of work，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the15 of work may bea bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a wasteof human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University ofIreland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively16 for most workers，peopleuse their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17 of theirjobs.“When I come home from a hard day s work，I often feel18，”Danahersays，adding，“In a world in which I dont have to work，I might feel ratherdifferent”perhaps different enough to throw himself19 a hobby or a passionproject with the intensity usually reserved for20 matters.1.A boastingB denyingC warningD ensuring答案C warning2.A inequalityB instabilityC unreliabilityD uncertainty答案A inequality3.A policyBguidelineC resolutionD prediction答案D prediction4.A characterized BdividedC balancedDmeasured答案A characterized5.A wisdomB meaningC gloryD freedom答案B meaning6.A InsteadB IndeedC ThusD Nevertheless答案B Indeed7.A richB urbanCworkingD educated 答案C working8.A explanationB requirementC compensationD substitute答案Aexplanation9.A underB beyondC alongsideD among 答案D among10.A leave behindB make upC worry aboutD set aside 答案C worryabout11.A statisticallyB occasionallyC necessarilyD economically答案C necessarily12.A chancesB downsidesC benefitsD principles 答案Bdownsides13.A absenceB heightC faceD course 答案A absence14.A disturbB restoreC excludeD yield 答案D yield15.A modelB practiceC virtueD hardship 答案C virtue16.A trickyB lengthyC mysteriousD scarce 答案D scarce17.A demandsB standardsC qualitiesD threats 答案A demands18.A ignoredB tiredC confusedD starved 答案B tired19.A offB againstC behindD into 答案D into20.A technologicalB professionalC educationalD interpersonal答案B professionalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A，B，C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning，at 9 am，more than 50，000 runners set off to run5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friendsand has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free，staffed bythousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents；theirtimes range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to anhour.Parkrun is succeeding where London s Olympic“legacy”is failing.Ten yearsago on Monday，it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would bein London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games wouldbe to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population wouldbe fitter，healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The numberof adults doing weekly sport did rise，by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012but the general population was growing faster.Worse，the numbers are nowfalling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing atleast two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adultsand children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to“inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial：Your only competitor is the clock.Theethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer beingclapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders，bycontrast，wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more eliteathletes.The dual aim was mixed up：The stress on success over taking part wasintimidating for newcomers.Indeed，there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in theplanning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”，concept as community sportsassociations.If there is a role for government，it should really be getting involvedin providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and themoney to pave tennis and netball courts，and encouraging the provision of all theseactivities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling greenspaces，squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport ineducation.Instead of wordy，worthy strategies，future governments need to domore to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make themworse.According to Paragraph1，Parkrun has.A gained great popularityB created many jobsC strengthened community tiesD become an official festival答案A gained great popularityThe author believes that Londons Olympic“legacy”has failed to.A boost population growthB promote sport participationC improve the citys imageD increase sport hours in schools答案B promote sport participationParkrun is different from Olympic games in that it.A aims at discovering talentsB focuses on mass competitionC does not emphasize elitismD does not attract first-timers答案C does not emphasize elitismWith regard to mass sport，the author holds that governments should.A organize“grassroots”sportsevents B supervise local sportsassociationsC increase funds for sports clubsD invest in public sports facilities答案D invest in public sports facilitiesThe authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is.A tolerantB criticalC uncertainD sympathetic答案Bcritical Text 2With so much focus on children s use of screens，it s easy for parents to forgetabout their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in，”says JennyRadesky in her study of digital play，“and digital products are there to promotemaximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage，and leads to a lot ofbleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes bygiving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sueddevices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewernonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation，she sawthat phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking attheir emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parentsfaces to try to understand their world，and if those faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in adeviceit can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“stillface experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it，a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting ona blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback；The childbecomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention.“Parents don t have to be exquisitely parents at all times，but there needs to be abalance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child s verbal ornonverbal expressions of an emotional need，”says Radesky.On the other hand，Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kidsuse of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parentsshould always be interacting”with their children：“Its based on a somewhatfantasized，very white，very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you re failingto expose your child to 30，000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believesthat just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres novalue to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a shower，do housework orsimply have a break from their child.Parents，he says，can get a lot out of usingtheir devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can makethem feel happier，which lets then be more available to their child the rest of thetime.According to Jenny Radesky，digital products are designed to _.A simplify routine mattersB absorb user attentionC better interpersonal relationsD increase work efficiency答案B absorb user attentionRadeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices _.A takes away babiesappetiteB distracts childrens attentionC slows down babies verbal developmentD reduces mother-child communication答案D reduces mother-child communicationRadeskys cites the“still face experiment”to show that _.A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotionalexchangeC children are insensitive to changes in their parentsmoodD parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs答案D parents need to respond to childrens emotionalneedsThe oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parentsto_.A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies B teachtheir kids at least 30，000 words a year C ensure constantinteraction with their children D remain concerned aboutkids use of screens答案C ensure constant interaction with theirchildrenAccording to Tronick，kids use of screens may_.A give their parents some free time B make theirparents more creative C help them with their homeworkD help them become more attentive答案A give their parents some freetime Text 3Today，widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunctionwith increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students tocompletely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all，if everyone youknow is going to college in the fall，it seems silly to stay back a year，doesnt it？And after going to school for 12 years，it doesn t feel natural to spend a year doingsomething that isnt academic.But while this may be true，its not a good enough reason to condemn gapyears.There s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the sociallyperpetuated“race to the finish line，”whether that be toward graduate school，medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions，a gapyear does not hinder the success of academic pursuits in fact，it probablyenhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gapyear are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those whodo not.Rather than pulling students back，a gap year pushes them ahead bypreparing them for independence，new responsibilities and environmental changes all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap yearexperiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and beingthrown into a brand new environment，making it easier to focus on academics andactivities rather than acclimation blunders.If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off toexploreinterests，then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.Accordingto the National Center for Education Statistics，nearly 80 percent of collegestudentsend up changing their majors at least once.This isnt surprising，consideringthebasic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poorunderstandingof themselves listing one major on their college applications，butswitching toanother after taking college classes.It s not necessarily a badthing，butdepending on the school，it can be costly to make up credits after switchingtoo latein the game.At Boston College，for example，you would have to complete anextra year were you to switch to the nursing school from anotherdepartment.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress andsave money later on.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that.A they think it academically misleadingB they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC it feels strange to do differently from othersD it seems worthless to take off-campus courses答案C it feels strange to do differently from othersStudies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps.A keep students from being unrealisticB lower risks in choosing careersC ease freshmens financialburdens D relieve freshmen ofpressures答案D relieve freshmen of pressuresThe word“acclimation”（Line 8，Para.3）is closest in meaning to.A adaptationB applicationC motivationD competition答案A adaptationA gap year may save money for students by helping them.A avoid academic failuresB establish long-term goalsC switch to another collegeD decide on the right major答案D decide on the right majorThe most suitable title for this text would be.A In Favor of the Gap YearB The ABCs of the Gap YearC The Gap Year Comes BackD The Gap Year：A Dilemma答案A In Favor of the GapYear Text 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states，the growing frequencyof wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars，saysProfessor Max Moritz，a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015，the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5billion annual budget fighting firesnearly double the percentage it spent on suchefforts 20 years ago.In effect，fewer federal funds today are going towards theagency s other work such as forest conservation，watershed and culturalresources management，and infrastructure upkeep that affect the lives of allAmericans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies aregoing into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it，how often arefederal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire？“Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for thewhole country，”he says.”We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like，“Wait a minute，is this OK？”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds toconcentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape？”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society todayviews fire，researchers say.For one thing，conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Overthe past decade，the focus ha