2023届高三英语一轮复习名词性从句讲义.docx

名词性从句名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句在复合句中能担任:主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的引导词可分为三类：1、从属连词(5个)(1) that无词义，在从句中不做成分(表明从句的确定性)，在宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略(2) whether, if有词义,在从句中不做成分(whether, if均表示“是否”之意,表明从句内容的不确定性) 不可以省略(3) as if, as though (均表示“好像”，“似乎”之意)在从句中不做成分2、连接代词(9 个)：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever,有词义，在 从句中做成分，不可以省略(who what which在从句中做主语、宾语、其中what指代没有范围的事物， which指代有范围的事物，表“选择哪一个"whom做宾语whose做定语)3、连接副词(7 个)：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 有词义，在从句中做状语，不用 以省略二、主语从句主语从句：作主语的从句叫主语从句。考点一、主语从句引导词that：无词义，在主语从句中不做成分，不可省略That he dislikes the movie is none of my business.1. whether:翻译为“是否”，在从句中不做成分，不可省略1) Whether he will come is unknown.2) Whether spending money to enhance employees,working skills is the most crucial investment that has been debated heavily among managers.3) 由连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, whose 等引导的主语从句，连接代 词需要在从句中做主语或者宾语，不可省略。1) Who will win (he match is still unknown.2) What we should do is to make sure that positive ones are encouraged and negative ones are eliminated.4.由连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等关联词引导的主语从句，连接副词 在句中不做成分，不可省略。1) It is known to us how he became a writer.2) Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.3) How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person's life.考点二、it做形式主语注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于 句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：(1) It + be + 名词 +lhat 从句：It is a fact that 事实是It is an honour that 非常荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a pity that 遗憾(2) Il + be +动词的过去分词+ ihai从句:It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已经证明It is believed that.人们认为It is supposed that.据猜测(3) It +不及物动词(vi) + that从句：It seems that 似乎It happened that 碰巧It appears that 似乎(4) It + be +形容词+ Ihat从句It is natural that. 很自然.It is strange that. 奇怪的是 注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气”(should)+do”, 常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that .It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.考点三、it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。it引导的强调 句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词ihal引导，被强调部分指人时也可 用 who/whomo 例如:a) It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.b) It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句型)d) It is John that broke the window.(强调句型)补充：主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2) It is said/reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达：Thal President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(3) It h叩pens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(4) It doesn't matter how/whethei结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达：It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?错误表达:Is that will rain in (he evening likely?注意：what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that则不然。例如:1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.练习.most companies and workforce require is not robots, but creative people that bring advantages to its development.1 .you can succeed in making your drcam come true depends on hard work more than luck.2 .governments should do is to create policies to encourage low carbon emission.3 .she could get better suggestions and would give her better advide also puzzled her.5. h's no surprise our team has won the game.6. It is decided the meeting will be put off next Monday.参考答案：l.what 2. whether 3. what 4. where, who 5. that三、表语从句表语从句：位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句That is why, in recent years, there has been a growing body of opinion in favor of putting more resources into health.1. What is of crucial importance, in my opinion, is how we dell ne ''responsible for bringing （he children up”.2. That is just what students would do during the process of active learning.3. That is why many families have set a routine to have meals together at least once a week.4. The （hick smog covered the whole city. Il was as if/（hough a great black blanket had been thrown over it.注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用是al引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .练习Ikl like to start my own businessthat's I'd do if I had the money.1. The reason why he didn't pass the exam was he was too careless.参考答案：1. what 2. that四、同位语从句1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，that无词义，不在句子中做 成分，不可以省略2、可用于同位语从句的名词有 belief、advice> demand、doubl （怀疑）、possibility> thought> proposak case> fact、hope、idea、information> messagenews、order> problem> promise、question> requests suggestion truth% wish、word 等。例如：1） The news that we won the game is exciting.2） I have no idea when he will come back home.3） The thought came to him（ha（ Mary had probably fallen ill.4） The manager put forward a suggestion that wc should have an assisstant.5） Maybe this also led to the case that she bacame fatter.3、同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。（2）定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从 句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1） The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第 一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2）Thc news that Toni would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句 中不作任何成分）五、宾语从句宾语从句：接在介词和动词后面的从句叫宾语从句。考点一、宾语从句引导词1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句：that在句中不担任任何成分，不需翻译，常被省去He has told me （that） he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.Wc must never think （that） wc arc good in everything while others arc good in nothing.注意：在 demand （要求）、order （命令）、suggest、decide、insist （坚持）,desire （期望）,urge （督促）， advise, propose （建议），require, request, command （命令）,doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意 义的动词后,宾语从句常用“（should） +动词原形二例如：I insist that she （should） do her work alone.The commander ordered that troops （should） set off at once.由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句：翻译为“是否”，不可省略She wondered if/whether centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.1） There is debate, however, over whether (his is useful to companies and to individuals.注意：只能用whether,不能用if的情况a.引导主语从句并在句首时：b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“or not”时；e.后接动词不定式时；f.在 discuss 后只能用 whetherWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.1) Everything depends on whether we have enough money.2) I wonder whether he will come or not.3) Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?2 .由连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, whose 等引导的宾语从句，连接代 词需要在从句中做主语或者宾语，不可省略。1) Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they like and it improves the family relationships.2) Now the route is no longer used for international trade but many stories of what happened on the ancient road remain.3) Every yean whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.4) Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.5) She will give whoever needs help a warm support.3 .由连接副词when, where, whv, how, whenever, wherever, however等关联词引导的宾语从句，连接副词 在句中不做成分，不可省略。1) She always thinks of how she can work well.2) What puzzles Lily's friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.3) The poor man wasn't able to give him any information about where she lived.4) Well or badly, I wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel. The Line of the Sun, was finished.考点二、宾语从句的时态.主现从变：当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。1) I know (that) he studies English every day.(从句用一般现在时)2) I know (that) he studied English last term.(从句用一般过去时)3) I know (that) he will study English next year.(从句用一般将来时)4) I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.(从句用现在完成时).主过从过：当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去将来时等；1) He said that he would wait for us at the airport.2) I came to believe that I could do nothing about my weight.3) The teacher told us that Tom had left us fbr America.1 .客观真理一般现：当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。1) The teacher said that the sun rises from the east and sets in the west.2) Scientists have proved (hat the earth turns around the sun.练习：1. The weather is fine. Tm sure we can go camping this afternoon.2. Alice arrived at she thought was a wonderland.3. The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.4. I think my father would like to know I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.5. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.6. It is estimated that 12.79 million new urban jobs have been created this yean which almost doublesit was last year.7. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21stcentury.8. Everyone faces challenges in life. Ifs a matter of you learn to overcome them and use them to youradvantage.9. Figuring out in advance wc'rc going to cope with major problems during the vinis outbreak helps us workefficiently.10. People from the south find it difficult to understand people from the north arc saying.11. The hillside village remains primitive and unspoiled.一That explains people desire to explore such a remote place.12. I'm wondering you could help me with my homework.13. He asked handwriting was the best.14. Can you tell me the No.3 bus stop is?15.1 don't know the train is late.1. .1 am not sure is more frightened, me or the little boy.17. Do you know he will stop workingMaybe at 12:00 pm.18. Please decide we will go next month, Canada or other countries?参考答案：I . 3.(hat2. what 3.that 4. what 5. what 6. what 7. what 8. what 9. that 10. what.why 12. ifVwhethcr13. whose 14. where15. why 16. who 17. when 18. where拓展： 否定转移1）将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主 句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I don't believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。2）将seem,叩pear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。（not否定动名词短语having.）It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.（否定 because 状语）他并不因亚里斯 多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个星期，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了 迷。练习l.It's raining day and night. There's no doubt the sports meet will be put off.2. He studied hard.was no wonder he was admitted to a top university.3.50 me children want to improve (hemselves by learning a language different from their parents speakat home.4.1 f you take a look around your kitchen or office, chances are you'll notice that you are surrounded byplastic water bodies, take-out cups, plastic grocery bags and food packages.5.The thought came to him maybe he should have said sorry to his father.6.makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.7.She is happy for her son has achieved in literature.8 .The reason why he was absent from the meeting was he was delayed by the accident.9 .?is known to all is that smoking does harm to our health.10 .you don't like him is none of my business.11 .Can you find the answer to the question was wrong with the computer?12 . However, it's not just when you eat that matters, but you eat also matters.13 .Part of the reason why Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was it was ratherclosely modeled on his own life.14 .He stayed up too late and didn't get up on lime. Thal's he missed the school bus.15 .Jim said there was no clear evidence she had told a lie.16 .The reason why he failed is he was too careless.17 .The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.1.1 impressed me most in my senior high school life was the friendship among classmates.1.2 It is shocking that some investment banks even judge candidates on they wear brown shoes.20 .Please tell me you are getting along with your new classmates.21 .Every year,makes (he most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.22Janc moved aimlessly down the tree - lined street, not knowing she was heading.23.The fact she works hard is well known to us all.1.1 1 was deeply touched and inspired by he said.25 .No one knows effects the GM material might have on the food chain.26 .They are working together to make they think is the best product.27 .That's I want to know.28.In fact, no one knows for sure it was that made him give up this opportunity.29.is no doubt that grades have improved and interest in education has revived.30.Amy didn't know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction.31.surprised us most was that he was awarded all the three medals in the contest.32.I'll give the tickets to wants it.33.We should respect food and think about people who don't have we have here and treat food nicely.34.surprised me was that he did very well in the exam.35.According to the hotel's general manager once told us, a trip to the woods is something of a traditionin the area.36.is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.37.What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.1.1 interests me the most is how everything is connected altogether in random ways.39 . You can't imagine fantastic fun web chatting is.Really? But it may cause a lot of trouble sometimes.40 .The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling they helped people in need.41 .While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as farsouth as James Bay in Canada.42 .These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into ancient Chinese saw the world around (hem and into their great creativity.43 .Experts think they migrated from is now Russia across a land bridge called the Bering Strait during thelast Ice Age.44 .Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do soremotely.45 . we will spend our summer holiday is still uncertain now, but I personally hope to go to a seaside c