unit7grammar学案牛津译林版八年级英语下册.docx

八年级下册Unit? Grammar学案预学热身通过预习，了解本课时的单词、短语和句型（英汉互译）。2.hold vt.3.set vt.&vi.5. hand out两个月前募集资金4. including prep.6.set up8.有眼疾的病人 基础教育His eye problem was cured two months ago.11. The lives of the patients with eye problems are improved.自主探究，请带着下面这些问题阅读教材。1. 一般现在时的被动语态如何构成？2. 一般过去时的被动语态如何构成？ 教材导读The plane is used as a training centre.飞机被用作培训中心。探究点：一般现在时的被动语态如何构成？指点迷津主语（动作的承受者）+ is/am/are+动词的过去分词+ （by+动作的执行者） Football is played in most countries in the world.世界上大多数国家（的人）踢足球。一般现在时被动语态的句型总结如下：一般现在时被动语态的构成：肯定句：主语+ is/am/are +动词的过去分词+ by短语（可省略）The boy is called Jack.这个男孩叫杰克。否定句：主语+ is/am/are+not+动词的过去分词+ by短语（可省略）The talk isn't given by the teacher.老师没有演讲。一般疑问句：ls/Am/Are+主语+动词的过去分词+ by短语（可省略）Is the cake made by your mother?蛋糕是你母亲做的吗？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ is/am/are+主语+动词的过去分词+ by短语（可省略）Where is the photo taken?这张照片在哪里拍的？一般现在时被动语态的用法：表达“被”、"受”、“让”、"遭”之类的语义。The children here are taken good care of.这儿的孩子们受至U 了很好的照顾。强调动作的承受者。He is known far and wide.他远近闻名。不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。The room is cleaned every day.房间每天都有人打扫。用所给动词的适当形式填空©Usually computers（use） to get information on the Internet.I（ask） to clean my bedroom every day by my mother.1. His eye problem was cured two months ago. 他的眼疾两个月前被治愈了。探究点：i般过去时的被动语态如何构成？指点迷津主语（动作的承受者）+ was/were+动词的过去分词+ （by+动作的执行者） The book was returned to him yesterday.书是昨天还给他的。一般过去时被动语态的句型总结如下：（1） 一般过去时被动语态的构成：肯定句：主语+ was/were+动词的过去分词+ by短语（可省略）The cup was washed yesterday.这只杯子昨天洗的。否定句：主语+ was/were+not+动词的过去分词+ by短语（可省略）The baby was not looked after by his father last night.昨天夜里，他的父亲没照顾这个 宝宝。一般疑问句：Was/Were +主语十动词的过去分词+ by短语（可省略）Was the book written by Han Han?这本书是韩寒写的吗？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/were+主语十动词的过去分词+ by短语（可省略） What was this kind of sweater made of?这种毛衣是由哪种材料做成的?（2）一般过去时被动语态的用法见一般现在时。将下面的主动语态改为被动语态©He bought a book last week.A book last week.They told an interesting story.An interesting story by them.2. With its help, millions of poor children all over the country were given basic education, 有了它的帮助，全国数以百万计的贫困儿童得到了基本的教育。探究点：with one，s help 意为""指点迷津with one's help意为“在某人的帮助下”,相当于with the help of。With Wu Ming's help, we saw the man. =With the help of Wu Ming, we saw the man.在吴明的帮助下，我们见到了那个人。同义句转换With the help of Li Hai, I got to the hotel at last., I got to the hotel al last.考点一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态考点二、被动语态的几种特殊的情况分类谓语动词形式例句一般现在时am / is / are + vt-edThe job is liked by many people.一般过去时was / were + vt-edThe door was locked.、含有双宾语的动词的被动语态谓语动词带有双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化为主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主 语，但应在被保留的间接宾语前加for或toI gave him a piece of advice.He was given a piece of advice by me = A piece of advice was given to him by me.、含有感官动词及使役动词的被动语态在主动语态中，不定式作使役和感官动词的宾语补足语时要省略to,但在变为被动语 态的时，要加上 to<> 这些动词有：let, make, have, see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等。:I saw him study English.He was saw to study English.、含有动词短语的被动语态含有动词短语的句子变成被动语态时，短语后的介词或副词不可漏掉。:I can take good care of you. -* You can be taken good care of by me.、在英语中，有些动词可以以主动形式表示被动意义。如need, require, want等后接动名 词时,用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义;drive, sell, paint, wash, wear, open, read, cut等动词跟well, easily等副词连用时，用主动形式表示被动意义。:The flowers need watering.These books sell well.考点三、无被动语态的几种情况、there be句型没有被动语态、不及物动词或短语没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, take, place, break, out 等:After the fire, nothing remained.、系表结构的句子无被动语态：He looks sad.、主动句的宾语是反身代词时，不能变被动语态。:He taught himself.热身练习A.根据中文提示写出单词。1. The sports meeting is (举彳亍)once a year.2. Three letters were written by him, (包括)this one.(传单)are handed out everywhere in the street.3. When was the school (建立)up?B.单项选择。()1. (2013. K0) The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot since it.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented()2. (2013.哈尔滨)On June 11th, 2013, Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts intospace from the space centre in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.A. sent upB. are sent up C. was sent up()3. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs,well.A. sellsB. sellC. is soldD. are sold()4. (2013-宜昌)-At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.-More chances to students to learn from each other.A. offerB. are offered C. have offered D. are offering()5.the teacher's help, I passed the exam.A. InB. WithC. ForD. OnC.将下列主动语态改为被动语态，被动语态改为主动语态。1. He plays football in school.Football by him in school.2. The boy held a birthday party last night.A birthday party by the boy last night.3. This song is sung by us here every day. this song here every day.4. The present was bought by his friend last week. His friend the present last week.参考答案预学热身L传单；散页印刷品2.举行3.创建，建立4.包括，包含5.分发；发出6.建起， 设立 7. two months ago 8.patients with eye problems 9. raise money 10. basic education 11.他的眼疾两个月前被治愈了。12.眼疾病人的生活改善了。 1.主语（动作的承受者）+ is/am/are+动词的过去分词+ （by+动作的执行者）。2.主语 （动作的承受者）+was/were+动词的过去分词+ （by+动作的执行者）。教材导读I.are used am asked 2.was bought by himwas told 3.With Li Hai's help热身练习Bl. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. BC 1. is played 2.was held 3.We sing 4. bought