2023CATTI二级笔译真题加分析.docx

2023年5月CATTI二笔真题 完整版+解析翻译爱好者联盟供应本次考试中，英译汉的两个语篇均来自纽约时报：一篇是关于乔布斯夫人的介绍，另一 篇是关于人文学科衰败的报道。从词汇角度来看，这两篇文章属于中规中矩，不须要考生在 考场上频繁查阅词典。正如我们在三级笔译试题点评中所言，纽约时报的文章句子结构 并不困难，语句的表达更具有口语化的倾向。从翻译技巧角度分析，第一篇基本上属于记叙 文体，其次篇属于论说文体。第一篇在翻译过程中须要考生适当留意在汉语选词及表达方式 上的色调性，其次篇则须要考生在选词及表达方式上更侧重严谨性。这两篇文章在语句理解 方面不存在多少难度。因此，我们在此只将文章给出译文，就不做进一步的讲解了。英译汉第一篇（出自2023年5月17日纽约时报关于乔布斯夫人的介绍）Marlene Castro knew the tall blonde woman only as Laurene, her mentor. They met every few weeks in a rough Silicon Valley neighborhood the year that Ms. Castro was applying to college, and they e-mailed often, bonding over conversations about Ms. Castro's difficult childhood.Without Laurene?s help, Ms. Castro said, she might not have become the first person in her family to graduate from college.马勒尼卡斯特罗当时只知道那位高挑身材，金发碧眼的女士名叫劳伦，是她的导师。卡斯 特罗女士打算申请高校那年，每隔儿个星期,她们就会在硅谷旁边的一个简陋的社区里见面, 也会常常互通邮件，常聊起卡斯特罗女士艰苦童年的话题。要是没有劳伦斯的帮助，卡斯特 罗女士也不会成为家族里的第一位高校生。It was only later, when she was a freshman at University of California, Berkeley, that Ms. Castro read a news article and realized that Laurene was Silicon Valley royalty, the wife of Apple's co-founder, Steven P. Jobs.直到后来，卡斯特罗女士被加州高校伯克利分校录用后，她才从一篇新闻报道中得知，劳伦 女士竟然是苹果公司联合创始人斯蒂芬P乔布斯的夫人，是硅谷的贵族！我国领导人的讲话稿的翻译。在这类文章中，甚至在同一个语段中，会出现多次动词的重复 运用。但英语的行文习惯并不像汉语，连续运用相同的词汇并非英语书面表达的特点，它须 要将词汇不断地变更。因此，这也是二级笔译的难度所在。由此，该句可译为：Parties need to accelerate the implementation of cooperation projects in such advantageous areas as transport, energy, communications and agriculture, and expedite studies on setting up an SCO development bank to resolve project financing difficulties and address international financial risks.第一篇汉译英全文译文：In the past 12 years since the founding of the SCO, member states have forged a close community of common destinies and shared interests. In the face of complex regional and international situation, maintaining regional security and stability and promoting common development of member states has been, is and will continue to be SCO s top priority and objective for quite a long time to come.On security, member states need to continue to firmly support each other's endeavor to safeguard national security and social stability and intensify efforts to combat terrorism, separatism and extremism and drug-related crimes. What merits caution is that there is a growing tendency of terrorists and drug criminals colluding with each other in the region. Therefore, counter-terrorism and anti-narcotic efforts should be integrated with a two-pronged approach. China believes that there is a need to give the SCO Regional Counter-Terrorism Structure the function of anti-narcotics to enhance its overall ability to fight both terrorism and drug trafficking.On economy, member states need to vigorously promote pragmatic cooperation. The ultimate puipose of maintaining regional security and stability is to achieve common development and prosperity. Parties need to accelerate the implementation of cooperation projects in such advantageous areas as transport, energy, communications and agriculture, and expedite studies on setting up an SCO development bank to resolve project financing difficulties and address international financial risks.汉译英其次篇原文：改革开放以来，中国金融业伴随现代化建设而快速成长，但实现持续发展依旧任重道远。目 前，中国金融业资产已超过1 5 0万亿元人民币，外汇储备达3.4万亿美元，盘活金融资 产、激活金融市场潜力很大。下一步，我们将坚决不移推动金融市场化改革，健全现代金融 体系，加快发展多层次资本市场，稳步推动利率市场化、汇率市场化的改革。同时，深化境 外战略投资者与中资银行的合作，稳步推动股票、债券、保险市场对外开放，促进人民币跨 境运用，逐步实现人民币资本项目可兑换，拓展金融业对外开放的广度和深度。以开放促改 革发展、促转型创新，实现中国经济持续健康发展，也会给世界经济增长及金融业发展供应 机遇。点评：我们在二级笔译实务课上特殊告诫学生：要想做英雄译英，就肯定要把握好四门功课，也可 以说要把握好"4C”,即，Connotation, Collocation, Context and Cultureo Connotation 指的是“内 涵”，汉语表达的很多意思在英语中没有完全对应的说法，因此，在动笔之前，考生肯定要 先将汉语的句子内涵弄清晰，然后再依据其意到英语中找最为接近的词语，以提高表达的精 确度。Collocation指的是汉语中的词语搭配与英语中的词语搭配的差异。我们在二级笔译实 务课上要求考生驾驭的并非那些简洁的词汇搭配用法，例如，一个动词后搭配什么介词或副 词，一个形容词后搭配什么介词等，这些都是英语学习过程中学生理应积累的东西，而我们 要求考生积累的则是更高要求的词汇搭配，这类词汇搭配的积累能从根本上最终帮助考生消 退汉化英语的痕迹。因此，我们从开课的第一天就向学生介绍了美国出版的The Word Finder 这本词典。让我们来看一个例子：英语中的形容词“感爱好的”，在学生积累这个单词的搭配 时，基本上都是记住该词后面的介词搭配be interested in sth./sb.,然而，这只是最基本的搭 配。我们要求的更高层次的词汇搭配是：在英语中哪些副词可以修饰interested这个形容词， 而这才是我们在翻译中常常遇到的搭配。通过查阅The Word Finder这本词典，我们得知： deeply, keenly, intensely, profoundly, curiously 可以修饰 interested,而假如考生运用 strongly 以表达“深厚地”词义来与interested搭配，那就注定会犯汉化英语的错误。Context指的是在 翻译过程中要充分考虑语句的上下文语境该运用什么样的连词使语句表达得更加顺畅自如。 汉语的表达中连词的运用频率较低，但英语行文中连词的运用频率特别高。因此，我们在理 解汉语原文的意思时，还要更加细致地考虑汉语句子的字里行间的逻辑关系及语气，从而在 译文中添加适当的连词。由于这个问题涉及到整个语篇的连接方法，在此暂不赘述。Culture 在翻译中也是我们所要考虑的一个重要环节。中国与英语国家的文化存在着较大的差异，在 翻译过程中假如遇到一些特殊是以动物或颜色的名称作为比方的时候，我们必需留意这些文 化方面的差异，要刚好地，适当地调整表达方式，以求译入语的读者能够很好地理解原文所 要表达的意思。如：汉语中“亚洲四小龙”，假如译成The Four Little Dragons of Asia,英语 读者就会感到一头雾水，因为在英语中dragon 一词只有“邪恶”，“魔鬼”等含义，而没有褒义 的内涵，因此，我们要本着入乡随俗的看法将该短语译为：The Four Little Tigers of Asiao 再比如，汉语中“青山绿水"，译成英文：blue mountains and green water,就是汉化的英语， 英语国家的人习惯以green mountains and blue water来表达该含义。下面让我们看看此次考试中的其次篇汉译英。此篇语段节选自2023年5月25日李克强在瑞 士经济金融界人士午餐会上的演讲稿。第一句：“改革开放以来，中国金融业伴随现代化建设而快速成长，但实现持续发展依旧任 重道远。”解析：该句可以将“改革开放以来”处理成译文中的名词主语，将主句译为该句的宾语：The reform and opening-up has witnessed rapid growth of China's financial sector together with the modernization of the country. However, it still remains a long and arduous task for China to sustain this momentum of growth.虽然汉语是一个完整的语句，但我们留意到，汉语中的前后 两个意群的主语并不一样，而且还有转折的关联词。因此，我们可以将其拆分成两个单句来 译。其次句：“目前，中国金融业资产已超过1 5 0万亿元人民币，外汇储备达3.4万亿美元, 盘活金融资产、激活金融市场潜力很大。”解析：该句同样应当拆分成两个句子，因为前半句讲的是中国金融业的货币量，而后半句讲 的是金融市场的潜力。在该句的翻译中，我们要留意货币单位名称的表达方式及其位置：Currently, China's financial sector has a total asset of over RMB 150 trillion and a foreignexchange reserve of US$ 3.4 trillion. There is a huge potential for revitalizing/liquidizing/ China's financial assets and reinvigorating the financial market.第三句:“下一步，我们将坚决不移推动金融市场化改革，健全现代金融体系，加快发展多层次资本市场，稳步推动利率市场化、汇率市场化的改革。” 解析：该句是由四个意群连接的一个并列句，只要把握好词语的选择就可以。Going forward, we will unswervingly advance market reform of the financial sector, build a sound modern financial system, accelerate the development of a multi-tiered capital market, and steadily step up the reform in the marketization of interest rate and exchange rate.第四句：“同时，深化境外战略投资者与中资银行的合作，稳步推动股票、债券、保险市场 对外开放，促进人民币跨境运用，逐步实现人民币资本项目可兑换，拓展金融业对外开放的 广度和深度。”解析：在这句话中，“广度”，“深度”等词语的翻译要提示考生留意，汉语中常运用比较抽 象的名词，在翻译界，我们常将类似的抽象名词短语戏称为“性感度，“性如，特殊性， 重要性，必要性，"感”：如，使命感，责任感，成就感，“度”：如，高度，广度，深度等。 在译成英语时，切忌将这些汉语的词语一股脑地译成抽象名词，可以考虑将这些词语转换成 相关的形容词或动词，以求译文表达的地道。假如译成expand the breadth and depth of opening-up in the financial sector,这就是典型的汉化英语，我们可以调整词性为两个动词： broaden and deepenIn the meantime, we will deepen cooperation between Chinese banks and their foreign strategic investors, open the stock, bond and insurance markets in an orderly way, promote the cross-border use of the RMB and, gradually achieve the RMB's convertibility under the capital account and broaden and deepen the opening-up in the financial sector.第五句：“以开放促改革发展、促转型创新，实现中国经济持续健康发展，也会给世界经济 增长及金融业发展供应机遇。” 解析：我们要留意该句的前半部分应当处理成主句，后半部分应当处理为目的状语。We will promote reform, development, economic transformation and innovation in the course of opening-up to achieve the sustainable and healthy growth of the Chinese economy and to create opportunities for the economic growth and development of the financial industry of the world.其次篇汉译英全文译文：The reform and opening-up has witnessed rapid growth of China's financial sector together with the modernization of the country. However, it still remains a long and arduous task for China to sustain this momentum of growth. Currently, China's financial sector has a total asset of over RMB 150 trillion and a foreign exchange reserve of US$3.4 trillion. There is a huge potential for revitalizing/liquidizing/ China's financial assets and reinvigorating the financial market. Going forward, we will unswervingly advance market reform of the financial sector, build a sound modern financial system, accelerate the development of a multi-tiered capital market, and steadily step up the reform in the marketization of interest rate and exchange rate. In the meantime, we will deepen cooperation between Chinese banks and their foreign strategic investors, open the stock, bond and insurance markets in an orderly way, promote the cross-border use of the RMB and, gradually achieve the RMB's convertibility under the capital account and broaden and deepen the opening-up in the financial sector. We will promote reform, development, economic transformation and innovation in the course of opening-up to achieve the sustainable and healthy growth of the Chinese economy and to create opportunities for the economic growth and development of the financial industry of the world.“I just became 10 times more appreciative of her humility and how humble she was in working with us in East Palo Alto J Ms. Castro said.The story, friends and colleagues say, is classic Laurene Powell Jobs. Famous because of her last name and fortune, she has always been private and publicity-averse. Her philanthropic work, especially on education causes like College Track, the college prep organization she helped found and through which she was Ms. Castro's mentor, has been her priority and focus.卡斯特罗女士说，“我极为敬佩她那种谦逊的看法以及她在与我们一道工作在帕洛阿尔托时 所显示出的那种虚心精神。”挚友和同事们都说，这是劳伦波维尔乔布斯的传统做事方式，尽管因其姓氏（乔布斯）及 拥有的巨额财宝而远近著名，但她总是保持低调，避开出现在公众视野中。她热衷于公益事 业，尤其在教化领域，她创建了“高校之路”，（注：劳伦创办了一家小型公司以匿名的方式 捐款，并且在1997年创办非营利教化组织“高校之路（College Track广，帮助弱势中学生取得 高校学位。）旨在帮助人们打算申请高校，也正是通过这个组织，她成为了卡斯特罗女士的 导师，卡斯特罗女士成为了她重点关注和帮扶的对象。Now, less than two years after Mr. Jobs's death, Ms. Powell Jobs is becoming somewhat less private. She has tiptoed into the public sphere, pushing her agenda in education as well as global conservation, nutrition and immigration policy.现如今，乔布斯先生去世不到两年，波尔威乔布斯女士渐渐受到公众的关注。她起先悄然 进入公众视野，推动她在教化领域的公益事业，并且还将关注点转向了全球生态爱护，养分 问题，和移民政策等领域。“She's been mourning for a year,“ said Larry Brilliant, who is an old friend of Mr. Jobs. "Her life was about her family and Steve, but she is now emerging as a potent force on the world stage, and this is only the beginning.据乔布斯先生的一位老挚友，拉里布里恩特透露：”因为她丈夫的去世，乔布斯女士整整难 受了一年，家庭和丈夫曾是她生活的全部，但是，她现在已成为世界这个舞台上的一股强劲 的力气，而她现在所做的一切，还只是起先而已。But she is doing it her way.乔布斯女士以她特有的方式在行动着。“It's not about getting any public recognition for her giving, it's to help touch and transform individual livesZ，said Laura Andreessen, a philanthropist and lecturer on philanthropy at Stanford who has been close friends with Ms. Powell Jobs for two decades.斯坦福高校慈善专业讲师，同时也是乔布斯女士长达20年的密友与慈善家，劳拉安德森说: “她的付出并不是为了获得公众的认可，而是为了有助于感化和变更那些须要帮助的人”。While some people said Ms. Powell Jobs should have started a foundation in Mr. Jobs's name after his death, she did not, nor has she increased her public giving.尽管很多人建议乔布斯女士应以他去世的丈夫的名义发起一个基金会，然而，她并没有这样 做，也没有增加任何公共捐赠。Instead, she has redoubled her commitment to Emerson Collective, the organization she formed about a decade ago to make grants and investments in education initiatives and, more recently, other areas.取而代之的是，她加倍努力的为艾默生联合会工作，这是一个十年前由她创建的组织，旨在 帮助和投资教化事业，而近期，这个联合会的项目也囊括了其它领域。“In the broadest sense, we want to use our knowledge and our network and our relationships to try to effect the greatest amount of good J Ms. Powell Jobs said in one of a series of interviews with The New York Times.波尔威乔布斯在一次纽约时报的系列采访中说：“从广义上说，我们是要用学问和人脉关系 给社会带来最大的好处。”英译汉其次篇2023年6月30日纽约时报人文科学不该衰败In the past few years, I've taught nonfiction writing to undergraduates and graduate students at Harvard, Yale, and Columbia's Graduate School of Journalism. Each semester I hope, and fear, that I will have nothing to teach my students because they already know how to write. And each semester I discover, again, that they don't.在过去几年里，我曾在哈佛高校、耶鲁高校、和哥伦比亚高校新闻学探讨生院为本科生和探 讨生教授学术写作。每个学期我都充溢希望，同时又有所担忧，我担忧假如我的学生已经驾 驭了写作，我将没有什么东西教授给他们。而每个学期我都一再发觉，他们还是不会写作。The teaching of the humanities has fallen on hard times. So says a new report on the state of the humanities by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and so says the experience of nearly everyone who teaches at a college or university. Undergraduates will tell you that they're under pressure - from their parents, from the burden of debt they incur, from society at large 一 to choose majors they believe will lead as directly as possible to good jobs. Too often, that means skipping the humanities.人文学科的教学已经陷入逆境。美国文理科学探讨院的一篇新报告对人文学科的现状做出了 这样的评述，而且几乎每位高等院校的老师也有相同的体会。本科生会告知你，他们承受着 巨大的压力，这种压力来自其父母、来自债务的负担，来自全社会，而这种压力使得他们必 需选择那些他们认为会更快、更有可能带来高薪工作的专业。这也常常意味着，逃掉人文学 科的课程。In other words, there is a new and narrowing vocational emphasis in the way students and their parents think about what to study in college.换句话说，当考虑在高校里该选择什么专业时，在学生和父母中产生了一种对职业选择的狭 隘倾向。There is a certain literal-mindedness in the recent shift away from the humanities. It suggests a number of things.近来当人们将留意力渐渐从人文学科转移开来的时候，人们是在考虑专业选择的某种好用 性。这预示着一系列的问题。One, the rush to make education pay off presupposes that only the most immediately applicable skills are worth acquiring. Two, the humanities often do a bad job of explaining why the humanities matter. And three, the humanities often do a bad job of teaching the humanities.一.急于让教化产生回报的冲动预示着，只有那些最干脆应用的技能才值得学习。二.人文 学科自身往往没能很好地阐释其重要性。三,人文学科往往并未向学习者很好地传授人文学 问。What many undergraduates do not know - and what so many of their professors have been unable to tell them - is how valuable the most fundamental gift of the humanities will turn out to be. That gift is clear thinking, clear writing and a lifelong engagement with literature.很多本科生所不知道的，同时也是他们很多教授未能告知他们的是，人文学科那最基本的精 髓将最终证明会有多么的宝贵。这种精髓就是思路清晰、行文简明，以及一生对文学的痴迷。Writing well used to be a fundamental principle of the humanities, as essential as the knowledge of mathematics and statistics in the sciences. But writing well isn't merely a utilitarian skill. It is about developing a rational grace and energy in your conversation with the world around you.擅长写作原本是人文学科的一个根本原则，这就犹如数学和统计学在科学领域中一样的重 要。然而，擅长写作不仅仅是一个好用技能，它是一个人在与四周世界人们的沟通中所培育 起来的那种理性的优雅和能量。汉译英第一篇原文：上海合作组织成立12年来，成员国结成紧密的命运共同体和利益共同体。面对困难的国际 和地区形势，维护地区平安稳定和促进成员国共同发展，过去、现在乃至将来相当长时期内 都是上海合作组织的首要任务和目标。平安上，成员国要接着坚决支持彼此维护国家平安和社会稳定的努力，加大打击“三股 势力''和毒品犯罪力度。值得留意的是，当前，地区恐怖主义和毒品犯罪相互勾结的现象愈 演愈烈，反恐和禁毒成为须要双管齐下的系统工程。中方认为有必要给予上海合作组织地区 反恐怖机构禁毒职能，加强其综合打击“毒恐勾结”的实力。经济上，成员国要大力推动务实合作。我们维护地区平安稳定的最终目的是实现共同发 展旺盛。各方有必要加快实施交通、能源、通信、农业等优势领域合作项目，加紧探讨建立 上海合作组织开发银行，以解决项目融资难题和应对国际金融风险。点评：这是2023年9月4日人民日报刊发的关于习近平主席接受土、俄、哈、乌、吉五国媒 体联合采访的报道，该篇翻译节选了这一采访的一小节。与三级笔译实务的命题内容相比， 该篇的翻译难度明显要大一些，因为原文中出现的一些语汇可能会对考生形成肯定的障碍。 例如：“三股势力”，“毒恐勾结”等。从译文的句子结构的选择而言，二级笔译对考生的要 求注定会比三级考生更加严格苛刻。依据我们以往的阅卷阅历，二级笔译实务的阅卷对于考 生所运用的句法修辞手段有所要求。因此，假如说在三级笔译考试中，一个汉语的句子被译 成英文，句子的语法结构没有太大的问题，词汇搭配基本得体即可，而在二级笔译考试中， 这个要求明显是不够的，它还要求考生依据原文的语气的强调以及英语中的表达习惯来适当 地调整句子结构，使译文更加吻合原文的色调以及使句子的前后词序显得更加平衡。下面让我们共同关注一下第一篇汉译英语段中的重点语句的翻译。第一段第一句：“上海合作组织成立12年来，成员国结成紧密的命运共同体和利益共同体解析：此句的第一个意群”上海合作组织成立12年来”是一个时间状语成分，我们可以将其 译成一个时间状语短语，如：In the past 12 years since the founding of the SCO, member states have forged a close community of common destinies and shared interests.依据二级笔译的修辞要 求，假如考生能将这个时间状语转换成一个名词短语作主语成分，译文的质量将会提高很多, 如：The past 12 years since the founding of the SCO,然后我们在谓语动词的位置上运用“see , witness, mark或signify,而后把原文中的主句部分转换成一个较长的名词短语作宾语，这 个句子的译