定语从句-2024届高三英语二轮复习.docx

定语从句Attributive ClauseTRY ONE MORE TIME关系代词：who/whom/whose/wh i chwho和whom,先行词指的必定是人It has slipped out of the hands of the humans who sent it here. 先行词是humans,在从句中做主语，故关系代词只能用whoI'm talking about friends to whom I can talk when I am sad. 先行词是friends,在从句中做宾语，故关系代词只能用whom；加之关系代词前有介词to,也决定了只能用whom关系代词：whichwhich,先行词可作主语和宾语，只有which才能前接介词/ 逗号They were not yet the bamboo feeders which they are today.This is a great city in which many warriors were born.This is a great city, which has seen many warriors born.注意：which是唯一能指代整个主句的关系代词，如：He always drives too fast, which worries his parents.Wh i ch前的逗号：限定or非限定限定性定语从句Look at the boy who is wearing a skirt, (other boys also)潜台词：那边有好几个男孩，限定指明只看其中某一个非限定性定语从句Look at the boy, whois wearing a skirt, (no other boy)潜台词：那边只有这么一个男孩，不需要限定指明(一个逗号，也构成了定语从句的一部分)Which前的逗号:非限定非限定性定语从句：两种情况必用专有名词China, which is the most powerful developing country in the world, plays an important role in the global economics.专有名词本身的意义很明确，具备广为人知的特点，无需限定 类指名词A dog, which is the closest friend of mankind among animals, is given preferential treatment同一类事物（如狗这种动物），具备共有的特点，无需限定特殊的关系代词：thatthat可以替换who和which,但有几点特殊之处：that之前不能有逗号，即that不能用在非限制性定语从句中that之前不能有介词，即只能是in which, to whom当先行词中同时出现人和物的时候，只能用thatThe singer and his song that we just talked are very famous.Every/all/only/序数词/形容词最高级先行词时，只能用thatAll that matters is being with your loved ones.It is the first prize that I received, but it won't be the last one.关系代词：whose可以指人的所有格(the man's)He is the man whose car was stolen.可以指物的所有格(the island's)This is Canada's smallest island, whose name is easy to remember - Edward Prince Island, E.P.I for short.可以在其前面使用介词(without Prof. Smith's)I wish to thank Prof. Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.关系代词：省略关系代词which/that有时可以省略，如He is a hero (whom) everyone admired, whom可以省略但下面这句话中的关系代词也可以省略么？He is a hero (who) saved everyone, whom不可省略，否则歧义关系代词省略小结：当先行词在定语从句中充当主语时,不能省略关系代词:当先 行词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略。关系副词：when/where/why关系副词when, where, why,先行词在从句中分别作为时间 状语、地点状语和原因状语We want to know the time when he showed up.We want to know the location where he showed up.We want to know the reason why he showed up.关系副词：whyThe reason why he was late was that his car broke down.本句中，从句主谓宾是完整的，the reason在从句中作为原因状语(because of the reason),故用关系副词why引导定语从句The boss didn't believe Tom's reason that he gave for being late.本句中，从句结构是不完整的(gave缺少宾语)，thereason在从 句需作为gave的宾语，故应该用关系代词that引导定语从句关系副词vs.关系代词如何选择使用关系副词或关系代词？关系副词引导定于从句时，从句中是不缺成分的相较之，关系代词引导定语从句时，从句是缺少成分的试比较下面两个句子：I will never forget the day when I met you.VS. I will never forget the day which I spent with you. IX 另U ?热身圣诞树中：树干是主句(Main Clause), 装饰是从句(SubordinateClause )主句包括：主语、谓语、宾语 从句包括：定语、状语、补语主句搭配从句，含义更为丰富oou关系副词vs.关系代词（续）I will never forget the day when I met you.本句中，从句主谓宾是完整的，先行词the day在从句中作为时 间状语（on that day）,故应该用关系副词when引导定语从句I will never forget the day which I spent with you.本句中，从句结构是不完整的（spent缺少宾语），theday在从句需作为spent的宾语，故应该用关系代词which引导定语从句TRY ONE MORE TIMEYOU WILL FIND IT AROUND THE NEXT CORNER定语从句：一种形容词性从句英语语法以句子为研究单位，学习语法的目的就是要看得懂 复杂的英语句子，更进一步就是要能写出内容丰富的句子 但是英语学习者常遇到的一个瓶颈就是：看不懂长难句，即 使能看懂也写不出有变化、生动的句子这个问题的罪魁祸首莫过于定语从句（形容词性从句）、状 语从句（副词性从句）、名词性从句等复合句了这一期我们先来领略一下定语从句的风采定语从句：一种形容词性从句201酢2月21日，BillyGraha去世。他是美国当代著名的基 督教福音布道家，他经常担任美国总统顾问，在盖洛普20tt 纪名人列表中排名第7。两位美国总统对其去世表示哀悼OonaW Jl Trump Billy Graham was a humble servant who prayed for so many - and who, with wisdom and grace, gave hope and guidance to generations of Americans.The GREAT Billy Graham is dead. There was nobody like him! He will be missed by Christians and all religions. A very special man.定语从句：构成一个句子跟在一个名词或代词后，对这个名词（代词）进行 修饰限定的句子就叫定语从句被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词定语从句学t行词转系词+从句定语从句：构成如前所述，定语从句有三部分：先行词、关系词、从句从句缺少成分：需由关系词来充当缺少的成分The girl whom I had met yesterday talked to me this morning.Girl - 先行词 referent, Who 一关系词 relative word先行词：定语从句修饰的对象关系词：重复指代先行词，用于连接主句和从句，并且在定 语从句中充当一定成分（主语、宾语、状语等）定语从句：先行词先行词是定语从句存在的目的，试看下面这道选择题：We all like the story about the teacher happened inour school last week.A. who B. whose C. which D. wherehappen定语从句修饰的是哪个词（先行词是哪个）？对，从句happen提示我们，先行词是story而非teacher,应使 用关系代词which。可见，离定语从句最近的不一定是先行词定语从句：关系词关系词在句中作用有三种：连接：连接主句和定语从句指代：指代前面的先行词担当成分：在定语从句中担当成分，如主语、宾语、状语等 再看一遍前例：The girl who I had met yesterday talked to me this morning.定语从句：两种关系词引导词：关系代词被修饰语在从句中扮演主语 或是宾语- which/that, who/whomThis is a book which has many great stories.- > the book has many stories引导词：关系副词被修饰语在从句中扮演地点状 语或时间状语- where, whenThis is a book where you can find many great stories.- > you can find many stories in the book