2023年初中英语语法学习之不定式考试难点易错点分析.docx
2023年初中英语语法学习之不定式考试难点易错点分析不定式有时需用被动形式:a. She ought to be praised for her heroic deeds. 她的英勇行为应受赞扬。The parcel has to be sent by air mail.这个包裹得寄航空。The election was due to be held in November.选举定于月举行。b. It' s an honour to be awarded a scholarship.被颁给奖学金是一种荣耀。It' s just my luck to be caught in the storm.碰上暴风雨是我倒霉。It was his good fortune not to have been injured. 他彳艮幸运没有受伤。c. She asked to be given an opportunity to try her method. 她要求给她机会试验她的方法。They wanted to be better treated.他们希望受到更好的对待。He hates to be flattered.讨厌受人恭维。d. These are the major problems to be discussed at the meeting .这些事会上要讨论的主要问题。Are you going to the conference to be held in June?你要去参加六月举行的大会吗?She was the f irst one to be asked to speak.她是第个被 邀请发言的人。e. She went to the hospital to be inoculated.她至!J医院去 打预防针。She left the city, never to be seen again.她离开了这座城 市,再也没有人见到过她。He was sent abroad to be educated.他被派去国外受教育。不定式的逻辑主语1)每个不定式可以有其逻辑主语,它可能是句子的主语或宾语, 如:I had a lot of letters to write. (I 是 to write 的逻辑主语)I' 11 give you something to read, (you 是 to read 的逻辑 主语)当句中没有适当的词时可作不定式逻辑主语时,可以借助一个由 for引导的短语来表示它的逻辑主语:Here are some books for you to read on the way.这儿有几 本书给你在路上看。2)这种短语在句中可以和不定式一道起作用。如:a.作主语:It won' t be easy for you to find a new job.你想找新工作不会很容易。It isn' t right for people to marry for money.人们为金钱 结婚是不对的。For an old man to run fast is dangerous.老年人快跑是危险 的。b.作定语:It' s time for you to reconsider your decision,现在是你 重新考虑你的决定的时候了。There' s no reason for us to doubt his words.我们没有理 由怀疑他的话。It' s a good opportunity for us to exchange our experience. 这是我们交流经验的好机会。C. 作状语:He stood aside for her to pass.他站到一边让她过去。Please do send for Mummy to come too.请一定派人把妈妈叫 来。Her circumstances had never been good enough for her hopes to be realized.她的境况从来没有好到使她的希望成为现实。d.作表语:The simplest thing is for him to resign at once.最简单的 办法是他马上辞职。What I want is for you to talk to Lanny.我希望的是你和兰 尼谈一谈。It' s for you to decide what we should do next.得由你来 决定我们下一步该做什么。3)在少数情况下可用of引导的短语。表示不定式的逻辑主语:It was kind of you (You were kind) to help me.难得你好心帮 助我们。It was silly of you (You are silly)to trust such a man. 你太愚蠢竟然信赖这样一个人。It was selfish of him not to do anything for the orphans. 他很自私不愿为孤儿们做任何事。It was generous of you to contribute so much money. 你很 大方捐出这么多钱。It' s unfair of him to say such things about her.他说她 这样的话是不公道的。It was annoying of him to damage my car. 他损坏了我的车 让人生气。只有那些作表语的形容词能修饰人时,才能在不定式前用of引 导的短语,否则还是应当用for引导的短语来表示不定式的逻辑主语。关于不定式结构的一些问题1)不定式的省略:为了避免重复,有时不定式中的主要动词可以省略,只剩下to:Would you like to come with us?Yes, I' d love to.你愿意和我们一道去吗? 愿意。Did you get a ticket?No, I tried to, but there weren,t any left.你买到票了吗?一一没有,我去买过,但都卖光了。Do you often play bridge?1 used to, but not now.你经常打桥牌吗?一一过去常打,但现在不打了。Have you cleaned the windows?No, but I am just going to.你擦窗子了吗?一一没有,不过我正要去擦。I wanted to get in touch with her but wasn' t able to. 我想和她联系,但没能联系上。You can go if you want to.你如果想去可以去。You don' t know her?You ought to.你不认识她?你该认识她 的。Will you join me in a walk?. d be glad to.你愿意和我一道去散散吗?一一好呀。在个别情况下to可保留,也可一道省略:He says he will come as soon as he has got a chance(to). 他说他一有机会就来。They won' t encourage you to do it even if you have the time (to).他们不会鼓励你这样做,即使你有时间(这样做)。She may go if she likes (to).她如果想去可以去。在用不定式作表语时,to有时也可省略,如:All I did was (to) press the button.我只是按了一下电钮。What you have to do is (to) fill in the questionaire.你 所要做的是把问卷填好。在 used to, be going to, mean to, ought to , try to , plan to 等结构后,当不定式省略时,to通常是保留的。2)并列的不定式:当有两个或更多不定式并列使用时,通常只在第一个不定式前加 to,在后面的不定式前to常略:We ought to read more and have more practice. 我们应多读 多练习。She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back. 她让我们留在家里等她回来。I' d like to stay with you , help you and learn from you. 我愿意留在你身边,帮助你并向你学习。但如果二者有对比关系,每个不定式前都应带to:To try and fail is better than not to try at all.尝试而 失败也比不尝试好。He hasn? t decided whether to quit or to stay.他还没有决 定是去还是留。To go or not to go , it' s a question.去还是不去是一个问 题。3) 分裂不定式有时to和后面的动词间可插入一个副词:They have started a drive to further improve the miners' working conditions.他们开始作一番努力来进一步改善矿工们的工 作条件。He was too ill to really carry out his duty.他病的太重, 不能切实履行他的职责。He likes to half close his eyes.他喜欢半闭着眼睛。Mother asks you to kindly come over to see us tonight, 妈妈请你今晚劳驾到我们家来一趟。这称为分裂不定式(Split Information),这种用法在口语中最 好避免。如可能,可以把副词放后面去,如to completely cover the floor 可改为 tocover the floor completely, to unduly alarm people 可改为 to alarm people unduly04) 在个别情况下,可用不定式构成或引导一个句子:a. 不带to的不定式:Why bother?干吗费这个事?Why worry about such trifles?干吗为这些小事烦心?Why not wait for a couple more days?干吗不再等上一两天?Why not do it right now?干吗不现在就干?b. 带to的不定式:To think he would come to anything like that!没想到他竟 是这样的下场!And to think that I trusted him!没想到我竟然信任了他!To think of his not knowing anything about it 没想到他对 此竟一无所知。不定式的特殊句型too-to-1) tooto太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激动了,说不出话来。Can I help you ?需要我帮忙吗?Well, r m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重, 恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。2)如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定,too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意为不太。It's never too late to mend. (谚语) 改过不嫌晚。3)当too前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常等于 very。r m only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高 兴能帮助你。He was but too eager to get home.他非常想回家。不定式的特殊句型so as to1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to losehis job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。2) so kind as to劳驾Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?劳驾,现在几点了。不定式的特殊句型Why notWhy not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:为什么不? 干吗不?例如:Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?