1英语被动语态课件.pptx

英语被动语态英语被动语态一、什么是被动语态一、什么是被动语态?二、被动语态的结构二、被动语态的结构三、被动语态的运用三、被动语态的运用四、各种时态的被动语态举例四、各种时态的被动语态举例五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态一、什么是被动语态一、什么是被动语态?英语英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓所谓“被动语态被动语态”，相当于中文中常说，相当于中文中常说的的“被被”、“由由”的句式，如：的句式，如：“他他的自行车被偷了。的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建这座楼房是由他们建造的。造的。”二、被动语态的结构二、被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请请看下面的例句看下面的例句(注意划线部分注意划线部分)：His bicycle His bicycle was stolen.was stolen.The building The building has been built in 2000.has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态被动语态”的构成是：的构成是：be+be+过去分词过去分词+(by+(by+动作执行者动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说，有下面几种一般地说，有下面几种情况：情况：(1)1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：Paper Paper is made from wood.(is made from wood.(纸是由木材生产出来的。纸是由木材生产出来的。)The The house is quite old.It was built in 1950.(house is quite old.It was built in 1950.(这座房子太这座房子太旧了。它是旧了。它是19501950年建成的。年建成的。)He He was wounded in the fight.(was wounded in the fight.(他在战斗在受伤了。他在战斗在受伤了。)Electricity Electricity is used to run machines.(is used to run machines.(电是用来开动机器的。电是用来开动机器的。)(2)2)需要强调动作的对象时。例如：需要强调动作的对象时。例如：Calculator Calculator cant be used in the maths exam.cant be used in the maths exam.(计算器不能用于数学考试。计算器不能用于数学考试。)Books Books and newspapers in the reading and newspapers in the reading room room mustnt mustnt be taken away.(be taken away.(阅览室的书籍和报阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。纸不准带走。)He He was awarded first prize in that contest.was awarded first prize in that contest.(他在比赛中获得了第一。他在比赛中获得了第一。)(3)3)为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：事。例如：The The construction of the new lab must be construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.(completed by the end of next month.(新实验新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。室必须在下个月底前完工。)四、各种时态的被动语态举例四、各种时态的被动语态举例1 1、一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态.am/is/are.am/is/are+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 Our Our classroom is cleaned every day.classroom is cleaned every day.This This car is made in China.car is made in China.2 2、一般过去式的被动语态、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+:was/were+动动词的过去分词词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.His desk was cleaned just now.The The station was built in 1928.station was built in 1928.3 3、现在进行时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+:am/is/are+being+being+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 A A new factory is being built in our city now.new factory is being built in our city now.Some Some trees are being cut down in the park.trees are being cut down in the park.4 4、过去进行时的被动语态、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+:was/were+being+being+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 A A new factory was being built in our city at new factory was being built in our city at that time.that time.Some Some babies were being looked after by Miss babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.Chen last year.5 5、一般将来时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态:(A)will/shall+be+A)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 (B)am/is/are+going to be+B)am/is/are+going to be+动词的动词的过去分词过去分词.Some Some new factories will be built in our new factories will be built in our city this year.city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.hour.6 6、过去将来时的被动语态、过去将来时的被动语态:(1).would/should+be+(1).would/should+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 (2).was/were+going to be+2).was/were+going to be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.mended after an hour.7 7、现在完成时的被动语态、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+:have/has+been+been+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 Some Some new factories have been built in the new factories have been built in the city since last year.city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.Your watch has been mended already.8 8、过去完成时的被动语态、过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+:had+been+动动词的过去分词词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been He said that some new factories had been built in the city.built in the city.I didnI didnt know that my watch had been t know that my watch had been mended.mended.9 9、含情态动词的被动式：、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must can/may/must+be+done+be+done 例如：例如：He can not be found./I must be He can not be found./I must be paid for this.paid for this.五五、如何将主动语态变成被动、如何将主动语态变成被动语态语态1 1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物什么事物”是是“被完成被完成”的。的。例例1.1.主动语态：人们说英语。主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English People speak English in many countries.in many countries.被动语态：英语被说。被动语态：英语被说。English is spoken in English is spoken in many countries.many countries.例例2.2.主动语态：我们造这座桥。主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge We built this bridge last year.last year.被动语态：这座桥被建造。被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was This bridge was built last year.built last year.2 2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例例1.1.主动语态：小王邀请你主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语宾语)Xiao Liu has invited)Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.you to a lunch party.被动语态：你被动语态：你(宾语宾语)被邀请。被邀请。You has been invited You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.例例2.2.主动语态：你不准带走杂志主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语宾语)You must not)You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.take these magazines out of the reading-room.被动语态：杂志被动语态：杂志(宾语宾语)不准被带走不准被带走.These.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.例例3.3.主动语态：他们授给他主动语态：他们授给他(宾语宾语)一枚奖章一枚奖章(宾语宾语).They gave him a medal for his).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.wonderful work.被动语态：他被动语态：他(宾语宾语)被授予一枚奖章被授予一枚奖章.He.He was given a medal for his wonderful work.was given a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：一枚奖章被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语宾语)被授给了他被授给了他.A.A medal was given to him for his wonderful medal was given to him for his wonderful work.work.熟记结构熟记结构被动语态的结构为被动语态的结构为“助动词助动词be+be+及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(p.p)(p.p)”。被动被动语态的不同时态是通过语态的不同时态是通过bebe的时态变化来的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：其具体变化为：一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+p.p.was/were+p.p.一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will be+p.p.shall/will be+p.p.现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has been+p.p.have/has been+p.p.现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时：过去将来时：should/would be+p.p.should/would be+p.p.含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p.+be+p.p.被动语态练习题被动语态练习题1)It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A)designed B)has been designed C)will be designed D)will have been designed2)She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her.A)is taken B)takes C)will be taken D)has taken3)Diamond _in Brazil in 1971.A)is found B)has been found C)was found D)had been found4)My pictures _until next Friday.A)wont develop B)arent developed C)dont develop D)won t be developed5)A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.A)has been establish B)have been establishedC)have established D)had been established