英语-2024届新高三开学摸底考试卷（课标全国专用）03含解析.pdf

2024 届新高三开学摸底考试卷届新高三开学摸底考试卷（课标全国课标全国专用）专用）03英语英语 考试版考试版（考试时间：120 分钟试卷满分：150 分）注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Where is the woman probably from?A.Peru.B.Britain.C.Mexico.2.What will the man do tonight?A.Attend a party.B.Reply to an invitation.C.Play football.3.What does the woman think of her old roommate?A.Selfish.B.Thoughtful.C.Careful.5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.Their daily routine.B.Their dormitory.C.The weather.4.What should the city do according to the woman?A.Create more jobs.B.Improve the air quality.C.Close some businesses.第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至 7 题。6.How does the woman suggest the man get home?A.By bus.B.By car.C.By taxi.7.Where are the speakers?A.At home.B.At a bus station.C.At a restaurant.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 9 题。8.Why is the man at the supermarket today?A.To do some shopping.B.To carry out a survey.C.To meet the owner.9.What change did the owner make to the supermarket last year?A.The location.B.The name.C.The manager.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10.What is the woman doing?A.Borrowing a tent.B.Returning a tent.C.Packing a tent.11.What is the womans motivation for climbing?A.To get close to nature.B.To have fun.C.To improve her fitness.12.Where will the speakers climb together?A.In the wild.B.At a climbing center.C.At a gym.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.What is the womans opinion about her idea of the online business?A.Its unique.B.Its practical.C.Its challenging.14.Why will the woman contact artists?A.To see their works.B.To look for inspiration.C.To do business with them.15.What will the woman do for large orders?A.Offer free delivery.B.Charge a small fee.C.Give a discount.16.What is special about the packaging?A.Its luxury.B.Its of good quality.C.Its environmentally friendly.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.Where are drinks served all day?A.In the cafe.B.In the dining room.C.By the swimming pool.18.What will the listeners probably do around 1 p.m.?A.Have lunch.B.Go swimming.C.Attend a conference.19.What does the speaker apologize for?A.The updated program.B.The high temperature.C.The late lunch.20.Why does the conference program have to be changed?A.Some rooms are being repaired.B.The General Manager cant come.C.Aspeaker isnt able to give her talk.第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分 40 分)第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWeald and Downland Living MuseumFun factOver 50 historic buildings from across the Weald and Downland area have been dismantled(拆除)and thenreconstructed across a lovely 40-acre site in the South Downs national park.The collection of buildingsrepresents almost a thousand years of rural life in south-east England:furnished just as they would have been inthe pastcomplete with the homes,farms and public buildings.Theres a sense of exploring a real village asyou wander between them along green paths,stopping to climb the stairs of a 17th-century craftsmans(工匠)cottage to lie on the straw bed or sheltering from a shower in a smoky,14th-century hall.Getting thereThe Stagecoach 60 bus service from Chichester to Midhurst stops just five minutes away at Grooms Yard,Singleton.The nearest railway stations are Chichester(2 miles)and Haslemere(7 miles).The museum is onTown Lane in Singleton,reached via the A286 from Chichester to Midhurst.Parking is free and there aredisabled parking spaces opposite the museum shop.Value for money?Yes.Its not cheap but its a special experience that easily fills a day.Plus,its a valuable cause worthsupporting.Adults 14,children 5-17 and students 6.50,under-4s free,family 38(two adults and twochildren)or 25(one adult and three children).Opening hoursDaily 10am-5pm(last entry 4pm).21.What can visitors do in Weald&Downland Living Museum?ATake a shower in the hall.BStay overnight at a cottage.CLearn construction techniques.DExplore rural life centuries ago.22What do we know about Weald&Downland Living Museum?AIt charges parking fees.BIt has varied opening hours.CIt is inconveniently located for bus riders.DIt offers the disabled thoughtful service.23How much would a couple with their 5-year-old twin sons pay for admission?A25.B34.5.C38.D41.BFitzGerald is a 16-year-old long-distance runner from Devon,England,who has set a national record inthe under-17s 3,000 meters,but now shes getting noticed for her commitment to saving the planet.FitzGerald finished fourth in the under-20s race at the European Cross Country Championships in Italylast December,but her journey to get there made it even more impressive.To reach Turin in Italy,FitzGeraldcould have taken a quick flight.However,flying releases carbon dioxide.Instead,she took an overnight coachto Lille in France,then trains to first Paris,then Turin,cycling between stations.Despite her tiring journey,shebeat athletes three years older than her.FitzGerald turned down the chance to compete at the World Athletics Cross Country Championships inBathurst,Australia.She told Athletics Weekly magazine that the decision wasnt easy but that travelling fillsher“with deep concern”.“To have the opportunity to compete for Great Britain in Australia is a privilege,”FitzGerald said.“However,I would never be comfortable flying in the knowledge that people could be losingtheir livelihoods,homes and loved ones as a result.The least I can do is voice my solidarity(团结一致)withthose suffering on the front line of climate breakdown.”FitzGeralds refusal to fly has led people to compare her to the climate activist Thunberg,who oncetravelled to New York by boat.FitzGerald could travel by ship to Australia,but it would take her more than amonth to get there.FitzGerald knows her choice to put the needs of the Earth first could affect her athleticscareer,but she has to act as if its an emergency.Champions for Earth,an organization for environmentally-friendly athletes,said:“She is looking forsponsors and supporters who can help her with the more expensive public transport,accommodation andeco-friendly kit that she requires.It is clear that FitzGerald has the steely determination and focus,combinedwith the courage and clarity to face a reality quite different to athletes of previous generations.”24.Why did FitzGerald make headlines?A.Because she chose green transport instead of a flight to Italy.B.Because she made a national record in 3,000 meters in England.C.Because she devoted all her time to eco-environment in England.D.Because she won the champion in the cross country race in Italy.25.What caused FitzGerald to refuse the competition in Australia?A.Ungreen travelling.B.Tiring competing in Italy.C.Changeable climate on the way.D.Affected athletics career.26.What do FitzGerald and Thunberg have in common?A.Acting immediately if there is an emergency.B.Preferring taking the ship instead of the flight.C.Spending all their life in protecting the environment.D.Choosing the eco-friendly means of transportation.27.Which can best describe FitzGerald according to Champions for Earth?A.Honest and outgoing.B.Determined and concentrated.C.Attractive and modest.D.Courageous and humorous.BStudies estimate that we pick up our smartphones between 58 and 96 times a day.If my phone is by myside,then Im constantly checking it.Last year,I decided to make a change:I signed up for the Phone BreakupChallenge.The goal isnt to get rid of your phone,but to develop a more intentional way of using it.The first few days were easy enough.Before unlocking my phone,I must answer three questions first:“What for?Why now?What else?”I kept the questions on my lock screen.On Day 7,I had lunch without myphone for company.It was pleasant.I realized that,by always having my phone on hand,I was preventingmyself from sitting still with my thoughts.One of the biggest lessons of the challenge was that willpower wasnt enough,but having multiple barriersto make it less appealing and accessible did help.Day 20 was the long awaited 24-hour no-phone period.It wasmuch easier not to check my phone when it was totally off instead of in another room.I noticed that a feeling ofcalm had spread within me.Its true that phones are fun and filled with my favorite people.Theres nothing wrong with mindlessdistraction.The problem is when that becomes a habit.Not constantly checking my phone helped reduce thatannoying habit of texting and talking at the same time or pulling out my phone when being with someone I lovehanging out with.Now,I am pleased to see I really do use my phone less.When I get home,I leave my phone in my bag bythe door instead of bringing it from room to room.I now also enjoy activities that I used to run out of time for,like going for neighborhood walks or trying new recipes.24.Why did the author take part in the Phone Breakup Challenge?A.To lead a life without using a phone.B.To improve her phone-using habit.C.To do research about the use of phones.D.To distract herself from social media.25.What can we learn about the authors first few days of the challenge?A.She had a hard time ignoring her phone.B.She turned her phone off to avoid using it.C.She locked her phone with a new passwordD.She enjoyed keeping her phone away.26.What is a better way to keep away from our phones?A.Make it hard to access it.B.Find fun from other activities.C.Ask others for supervision.D.Build strong self-confidence.27.What message does the author convey in the text?A.Mindless distraction is a part of our lives.B.Reducing screen time is not so difficult.C.Spending less time on our phone is beneficial.D.Technology makes it hard for us to concentrate.CAs a popular subject of study among evolutionary ecologists,three-spined stickleback(三刺鱼)is knownfor their different shapes,sizes,and behaviorsthey can even live in both seawater and freshwater,and under awide range of temperatures.But what makes that?The researchers tracked six populations of the fish before and after seasonal changes to their environment,using genome sequencing.Seasonal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance of salt andfreshwater,and only those fish able to tolerate these rapid changes survive into the next season.“These changes probably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback populations during thepast 10,000 years.”says Professor Barrett“We hope to gain insight into the genetic changes that may haveresulted from natural selection long in the past.”Remarkably,the researchers discovered the evidence of genetic changes driven by the seasonal shifts inhabitats,which mirrored the differences found between long-established freshwater and saltwaterpopulations.“These genetic changes occurred in independent populations over a single season,highlighting justhow quickly the effects of natural selection can be detected,”says Professor Barrett,“The findings suggest thatwe may be able to use the genetic differences to predict how populations may adapt to environment.”The research emphasizes the importance of studying species in dynamic environments to gain a betterunderstanding of how natural selection operates.In further research,they plan to investigate how repeatable theobserved genetic changes are,by testing whether they show up year after year.Doing so would demonstratetheir ability to reliably forecast the evolutionary future of these populations.28What does the underlined word“that”refer to in Paragraph l?AStickleback is under a wide range of temperatures.BStickleback is popular with evolutionary ecologists.CStickleback can adapt to different living conditions.DStickleback has different shapes,sizes,and behaviors.29What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?AThe challenges of the research.BThe purpose of the research.CThe background of the research.DThe methods used in the research.30According to Professor Barrett,what is the significance of the findings?AThey reveal differences between freshwater and saltwater populations.BScientists will be able to prove natural selection happens quickly.CThey help to make predictions about population adaption.DScientists can better preserve stickleback population.31Why will scientists study the repetition of the genetic changes?ATo gain a better understanding of natural selection.BTo make sure they show up year after year.CTo test the reliability of the present discoveries.DTo predict the evolutionary future of the species.DFrom rolling hills to mountain ranges,views make any road trip memorable,but for blind passenger this ispart of the experience they miss.Motor company Ford tries to change that.It teamed up with GTB Roma andAe do Projectto develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers away to feel naturesbeauty through their car windows.The prototype(原型)of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera.With just apress of a button,the system takes a picture of the current view.The colorful picture is then turned into animage with different shades of grey through LED lights,which vibrates(震动)differently.As the finger passesover different regions of the image,its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to theperson using it.The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene andhelp the passengers get information on what theyre seeing.“As the prototype started taking shape,we realized we were giving birth to a completely new languagethat would give blind people a new chance to visualize and experience traveling,”Federico Russo,one directorof GTB Roma,said.“When the idea was at its first stage,we looked for suppliers all around the world to makeit come to life.”He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars.“It could be introduced intoschools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.”The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle.Its known that the company is testing theirtechnology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives differentpassengers the details needed to get from one destination to another.Its unclear when this technology will bemade available.However,the idea of building something for the less advantaged is indeed a kind andinfluential action.32How does the smart car window work?ABy changing shades of colors.BBy recording the view with a camera.CBy classifying shaking movements.DBy translating scenery into vibrations.33What does Federico Russo say about the technology?AIt will have wide application.BIt will be tested across the world.CIt will be used in schools first.DIt will understand many languages.34What difficulty is Ford facing?ADeveloping autonomous cars.BExploring their future business model.CProviding route information.DApplying the technology to everyday life.35Which can