2023年仁爱英语初一年级上册学期知识点归纳.pdf

初一上英语知识点Unit 1 Makin g New Friend s【重点短语】1.goo d mo rn in g/after n o o n/eve n i n g 早上/下午/晚上好2.g la d/nice to m e e t/s ee you 见到你不久乐3.welc o me to+地点 欢迎来到.4.lefs+v让我们做.5.st a nd u p 起立6.sit d ow n 坐下7.this i s.这是.8.t h anks=t hank y o u 谢谢9.see you=see y o u later=good bye 再见10.ID num b e r 身份证号码11.b e f r o m=come f r om 来自1 2.in English 用英语【重要句型】1.-Whats yo u r n a me?-My name i s Sally.2.-W h ere are you from?Im from C h in a.W h e re d o you come from?-I come f r om China.3.-W h e re is h e/s he from?-H e/S h e is from Japan.4.-W hafs t h i s/th a t in Eng 1 ish?-I t s a/an.5.-Wha t re t he s e/t hose i n Eng 1 is h?T h eyre6.一How d o y ou s pell i t?-E-R-A-S-E-R,era s er.7.Ca n you s p e ll i t?一Ye s,M-A-P,map.8.一How old a r e y o u/i s he/are they?一 I 5m/He is/Th e y are e 1 even.9.Whats y o ur telepho n e n umbe r?一I ts 4567967.10.Wha t class/grad e are y o u i n?Im i n Class T en,Gra de S ev e n.（注意大小写）11.G o od m o r n i ng/afternoon/evening.1 2.Hell o!/Hi!He 1 lo!/Hi!1 3.一 N i ce/G 1 ad to se e/meet you.一N i c e/Glad t o s ee/meet you,to o.14.W e 1 come t o Chi n a/m y home.Tha n k s.1 5.一H o w do y o u do?一H o w do you d o?16.H o w a r e y o u?一F i ne,tha nk y o u.An d yo u?Im OK.17.See you then/1 ater.一S e e y ou.1 8.一 G o odbye.Bye.19.T h ank you.Youre welcome./Thats OK./Not at al 1 .【重点语法】1.元音字母：Aa Ee li O o U u包具有以下元音的字母：e Aa Hh J j Kki:Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv a i li Yy j u：Uu Qq Wwle F f LI MmNn Ss Xx Zz2.大小写句首字母，人名,地名，称呼语，专有名词，星期的首字母要大写，引人注意。Look!I s t h a t J a ne?He c o mes fr o m H ubei,China.Mr.Wa n g,t h i s is my mom.一Wh a t clas s ar e you in?一 I m in Cl a s s Ten,G ra d e Sev e n.On Sun d ay,we g o to t h e Wes t H ill f or a picn i c.3.B e动词的用法我 用 a m,你用ar e,is用于他、她、它，单数用i s,复数就用are。含 be动词的陈述句变否认句在b e 后加no t,变一般疑问句将be提前。一般疑问句的肯定回答:Y es,人称代词+b e；否认回答:No,人称代词+be+n o t。如：-T h ey are teacher s.-They ar e no t t e a ch e rs.-Are the y teachers?一 一 Yes,t h ey ar e./No,th e y ar e n t4.不定冠词、定冠词和a n d 的用法(1)不定冠词a,a n 的用法a/an 都表达“一，一个”，a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，如：a book;a d e s k；a n 用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如：an a pp 1 e/a n orange/a n E nglish b ook;/an Engl i sh b o y/a n oldm an；/a n act o r/an E n glis h t e acher/an of f ice w o rker.(2)the是定冠词,表特指，单复数前面都可用 We are i n the same cla s s.T h e girl i n a p ink skirt i s J a n e.Where is the boo k?Thi s i snt m y b i ke.The b 1 u e on e is mi n e.(3)a n d 的用法 数字相加看做单数:Tw o and thre e is f i ve.颜色相加也是单数：Bia c k an d white i s gray.人和事物相加是复数：Lucy and L ily a r e s is t e r s.The p en and th e e ra s e r areJanes.5.可数名词单数变复数(1)规则变化一般在名词词尾加一s,如：c a r c a r s;ph o t o-p hot o s;toy-t oy s;boy-b o y s 以 s,x,ch,sh结尾的词，在词尾加e s,如：b ox-boxes;bu s-b u ses 以辅音字母+y结尾，变 y 为 i 再加e s,如:baby b a bi e s;fam i ly families4)以 f e 结尾，变 fe 为 v 再加 e s,如：k n ife-k n iv e s不规则变化如：f oo t-feet;m an-men;woma n-women;snowma n-snowmen;(3)集体名词：pe o pl e,cl o th e s,p o lie e,famil y(4)成双出现的名词:shoe s,pan t s(tr o use r s),g 1 o v e s,ey e s,e a rs九.一词多义：An orange(桔子)is orange(橙色的).Un i t 2 Loo k ing Different【重点短语】1.g ive sb.st h.=gi v e s th.to s b.把某物给某人 Pie a se give i t t o h e r.2.1 ook the sam e长相相同 look different长相不同，看起来不同样3.look like 看起来像 He lo o ks lik e his f a t h er.=He an d hi s f a t h e r lo o k the s a me.4.n e xt to 在.旁边 The boy nex t to me is my g ood frien d.5.in+颜 色 穿 着 颜色的 衣 服 in+a/an+颜色+衣服穿着颜色的The boy i n a yellow T-s h irt and g r a y p a n ts is my good friend.6.(1)b o t h 两者都(be 动词之后,实义动词之前)T hey both h ave b r own hair and b lac k e y e s.Th e y a re bo t h of f ice work e rs.(2)al 1 三者或三者以上都 T h e y are all kin d to m e.7.数字+(形状、大 小)+颜色+n.t wo big red a p pies Sh e h a s sho r t blond ha i r.【重点句型】1.Wh o i s y o ur fa v orite act o r?2.We a re in the sam e schoo 1 ,but we are i n diff e r e n t g rad e s.3.What do/d oes+主语+1 o o k 1 ike?.长得怎么样？-W h a t does he lo o k like?-He i s not ver y t a l l b u t v e ry s t r o ng.4.We dont look t h e s a me,but we a re g o o d f rie n d s.We 1 ook the s am e,b u t we are in d if f e r e n t c 1 oth e s.5.-What c olor is/a re+主语?-Its/Theyre+颜色.W h a t co 1 or is h e r h a ir?-Its b lond.6.This is my cap.=This c a p is mi n e.Is th i s y o u r c a p?=I s th i s cap y o urs?-W h o se ca p is th is?=W h o s e is t h i s c a p?I ts S a 1 ly,s.Whose a re t hese b an anas?-Th e y5re their b a nan a s/theirs.7.Hi s pants a re b lu e and mine ar e white.(m i n e=m y pa n ts)My T-s hirt is gree n a nd h i s i s bro wn.(his=hi s T-shir t)8.I have s m a 1 1 ey e s,b ut he h as bi g one s.(o nes 指代 e yes)My jac k e t i s b 1 ue and wh i t e.Th a t one is bl u e.(o ne 指代 j a cket)【重点语法】1.动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式(1)主语是第三人称单数形式(h e、s h e、it;单一的人；单一的名字;单一的事物)，动词要用单三形式。实义动词变第三人称单数的规则：一般情况直接加s”,如:come-comes,mee t meets 动词以 o,s,sh,c h,x 结尾，加 e s,如:do-d o es；go-g o es；teach-teac h es 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 e s,如:st u d y-studie s,fly-fl i e s,tr y-trie s 特殊情况:ha v e has(2)句型转换 当主语为第三人称单数:变否认句时，在动词前加d o e s n t动词现原形;变一般疑问句时，在句首加d oes,动词现原形。一般疑问句的肯定回答:Y e s,人称代词+d o es;否认回答:N o,人称代词+d o e sn t如：Sh e h a s small eyes.-S h e doesnt h a v e sm a 1 1 ey e s.-Does s he have small e y es?Yes,she does./No,s he doesnt.当主语为第一、第二人称变否认句，在动词前加don，t,变一般疑问句，在句首加do,肯定回答:Y es,人称代词+d o；否认回答:N o,人称代词+d o n tThey have small e y e s.一 The y d o n 5t ha v e sma 1 1 e y es.Do they ha v e sm a 1 1 eyes?一 Yes,th e y d o./No,t h e y do nt.2.表达所属关系(1 )名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词形容词性物主代词 my your his he r our their i ts名词性物主代词 mi n e y o u rs his hers ours th e irs i t s Whose is th i s pen?I s it your s?-N o,it9 s n o t min e.M y p e n is b lue.(2)名词所有格 用于人或其他表达有生命的名词后：单数或不以s 结尾的复数+s,如:Jan e 9s book;Women，s Day 以s 结尾的复数+如：Teacher s，Day Lu c y 9s and L ily，s bags 分有L ucy a n d Lilys ro o m 共有Thos e are Janes sho e s.=Thos e s hoes ar e Janes.o f表达所属关系，用于没有生命的物体，如:a ma p o f C h ina;a photo of my fam i 1 yUni t 3 G e tt i ng Toge t her【重点短语和句型】1.Cou 1 d y o u pl e a s e+动词原形.？用来表达委婉的请求 Coul d you pie a s e tel 1 me you r n a m e?-S u r e/No pro b lem.My name is S al 1 y.-一-So r ry.2.te 1 1 sb.s th.=t ell st h.to s b.告诉某人某事tell s b.a b ou t sth.告诉某人关于某事Pie a se tel 1 me your name.=P 1 e a se te 1 1 y o ur n a me to me.P le a se tell Maria about i t.请把这件事告诉玛丽亚吧。3.hel p sb.do sth.=h elp sb.wit h s t h.在某方面帮助某人，帮助某人做某事P 1 e a se help u s f in d him.Coul d y o u p 1 e ase hel p me with Eng 1 ish?=C o uld y ou please help me stud y Engli s h?4.w a nt to do s th.=wou 1 d lik e to do s t h.想要做某事w a n t sth.=wo u Id 1 i ke sth.想要某物w a n t sb.t o do s t h.想要某人做.H e wants to vis i t Beij i ng.=He wou 1 d lik e to v i sit Be i j i ng.I want/wou 1 d like an o r ange.Jane w a nts K a n gkang to s ing some s ongs w i th her.5.show s t h.to s b.=show sb.sth.把某物展示给某人看Maria show s a pho t o of h e r family t o Kangk a ng.6.My Engli s h is ve r y g o od.=1 can s p ea k Engl i s h ver y well.7.1 iv e i n+地点 居住在某地1 i ve with+sb.和某人住He 1 i v e in C h ina wit h his p a r e n ts.8.know a lo t ab o ut.知道许多关于.的事He knows a lo t a b o ut Ch i na.9.say表达说话的内容，speak表达说某种语言的能力What d o es he say i n t h e lette r?He can s peak som e English.1 0.对事物的喜欢限度li k e.v e r y much/a lot 非常喜欢like.a 1 it 1 1 e 有点喜欢dont lik e.at al 1 一点都不喜欢Many students i n our clas s like Englis h a 1 ot,b ut IHe do e sn t like chocolate at all.11.a lot of+可数名词复数/不可数名词I have a 1 ot of Engl i s h books.12.every day 天天ea c h o t her互相some of them 他们中的一些e at o u t 下馆子，到外面吃饭1 3.p la y with s b.和某人一块玩耍like t o do/doin g s t h.喜欢（做）某事S he like s to p 1 a y w i th Kitt y.1 4.Help yours e If/y o urse 1 v e s t o st h.随便吃（喝）.15.be kind to s b.对某人很和谐T hey a re a II kind to m e.他们对我很和谐。I t 9 s ve r y ki n d of you.你真好。16.be glad t o d o sth.不 久 乐（乐意）做.I a m very gla d t o be her e.我很乐旨在这里。G 1 ad to meet you.不久乐见到你。17.let sb.d o s th.让某人做某事Le t me s ee.让我想一想。Le t us h e Ip you find h i m.让我们帮助你找到他。18.I am home.我到家了。Maria isn,t a t h o me/in n o w.玛丽亚现在不在家。Welcome t o my h o m e.欢迎来我家。I ts t i m e t o g o home.该回家了。1 i ke it a 1 ittle.【单元知识点详解】1.实义动词变一般疑问句及其回答-D o e s h e s p e a k En g lish?-Yes,h e doe s./N o,he d o e s nt.2 .询问职业及工作地点 Wh a t d o es your mo t her d o?（书面）/What i s y o ur mothe r?（语）She i s an E n g 1 i sh te a c h er.一 Where does s h e wo r k?一 S he works/t ea c h e s/s tu dies in a school/h o s pital/r e s t a uran t/on a fa rma n o ffice.3.介绍家人T h is i s a photo of m y f a mil y.The y o ung woman in red is my mother.I s th e y o u ng worn a n in r e d y o u r mot h er?（变一般疑问句）Who is the young woman i n red?（对划线部分提问）My gra n d p arents,my co u s in an d I are on t h e s o fa.I have a big f a mily.我有一个大家庭。I lov e my f am i l y.我爱我的家。4.就餐表达语1 ）-Would you 1 汰 e s ome t h i n g t o d r i nk?想不想喝些东西？-Y es,a g 1 ass of a p p 1 e juice,please./No,t h ank s.somet h i n g to d rin k 一些喝的东西s o met h ing to eat 一些吃的东西2）-W h a t w o uld you li k e to ha v e/eat/dr i nk?你 想 吃（喝）些什么？-I,d 1 i k e some r ic e and c h ic ken./Let me see.我想想看。3）W o u 1 d you like to have d i nner with me?想和我共进晚餐吗？一Yes,r d 1 o v e to./Yes,Id 1 ik e to.Im sorry,I h a v e to.4)-What do yo u u s ually have f or br e akfast?你通常早餐吃什么？-I usually hav e mil k a nd br e ad for brea k fas t.have.f o r break f ast/lu n c h /dinne r 早/午/晚餐吃.5)一May I take y o u r order,sir?请问,要点菜了吗？一 F ish w i t h ve g etables and rice,p 1 e a se.6)May I h e 1 p y o u?=Can I h e lp you?=Wha t can I do f or you?请问要吃/喝/买些什么？5.委婉地请求、提建议的五种表达Wou 1 d y ou like st h./to do.?你乐意/想.？W hat/How a b o ut sth./doing.?.怎么样？W hynotdo.？为什么不.?L et I d o ！让我们干吧！Why dont you do？为什么不.?肯定回答:Yes,F d li k e/love to./G o od idea./OK./A 1 1 rig h t./r d 1 ove that.否认回答：No,th anks./Pm sorry I c a n?t,I h ave to do./V d like tha t,b u t Tm sor r y I hav e no t ime.【重点语法】1.人称代词的主格与宾格点拨：主格在句子中充当主语，放在动词之前;宾格放在动词之后构成动宾短语，放在介词之后构成介宾短语。主格I we you he she it they宾格me us yo u him he r it t hem-D o y ou know them?Y es.Th e y are m y new class mat e s.2.可数名词与不可数名词(1)可数名词：可以用数目来计数的名词,有单数和复数之分。如：ba n a n a,egg,app 1 e,o range,noo d ie s,v e ge t abl e,ham b u r g e r 等。(2)不可数名词:不能用晶体的数目来表达，前面不能加a/an,没有复数形式。如：milk,c h i c ken,b r ead,C o k e,co f f e e,ric e,juice,fish,t e a,wate r,c h o c o late等。不可数名词若要表达数量，可用:数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：a g 1 a s s o f milk 一杯牛奶；t e n bottles of a ppi e j ui c e 十瓶橙汁;t e n 1 o av e s of br e ad十条面包(4)some/alot o f+可数名词的复数/不可数名词m an y+可数名词的复数 m uch+不可数名词【书信的格式】1.称呼:顶格写，常用De a r 开头，表达亲切、客套，后面用逗号。2.正文:从称呼的下一行开始写,开头空两格。3.结束语:正文下面的客套话，写在右下角，首字母大写，末尾用逗号，常用Yourso4.署名：指写信人的署名,写在结束语的下面。U n i t 4 Having fun【重点短语和句型】1.b uy s t h.for s b.=buy sb.s t h.为某人买.L i nda wan t s t o buy a t o y car fb r her cous i n.=L i n da w a nts t o buy h e r co u s i n at o y car.2.try on s t h.=t ry s t h.o ntry i t/t hem o n（固定搭配）Mar i a t r ies on th e c o at i n3.T he coat 1 o ok s very n ic e4.T h a t s fine.Well take it.试穿a c 1 o th e s sh o p.o n y o u.你穿上这件外套真美丽。好的，我们就买它了。5.I a m j u s t loo k i n g.我只是随便看看。6.“Are y o u k i d d i n g?”你在开玩笑吗？7.thi n k 想，认为th i nk abo u t 考虑 th i n k of 认为Kangkang th i n k s its L i M i n g s.Fil t h i nk abo u t it.我要考虑一下。thin k about a plan 考虑一项计划W h a t d o y ou t hi n k of t h i s ye 1 low ski r t?8.T h ank yo u a 1 1 th e s a m e.仍然感谢你。9.g e t some wate 取水fly a ki t e/k ite s 放风筝sing so m e s o ngs 唱歌m e et frie n ds at hom e在家和朋友见面ha v e a pic n i c=go(out)for a p icn i c 去 里 于 餐get u p 起床g o home回家g o fi s hing去钓鱼g o sh o ppin g=d o som e shoppin g 购物go to th e zoo去动物园go to t h e W e s t Hill 去西山v i sit a f r ie n d 拜访朋友c al 1 .ba c k 回电话do ones h om e w o r k 做作业t a ke ones o r de r 点菜t ake s ome b re a d 带一些面包se e th e Monk e y Show 看猴子表演10.ask s b.to do s t h.请/耍某人做某事Co u 1 d you as k h er to ca 1 1 m e b a ck thi s evening?你能让她今晚给我回个电话吗?11.n eed s t h./to d o sth.需要（做）某事W e ne e d to help them wi t h the i r En g lish.我们需要帮助他们学英语。W e need two kil o s o f a pples a n d s o me ric e.1 2.have/h a s to do s th.不得不/必须做.Kang k ang h a s t o co o k.康康必须要做饭。Kangk a ng do e s n t h ave to c o o k.（变否认句）13.sa v e 节省，攒钱，挽救B ig sa 1 e!Buy mo r e an d s a v e m o re!大降价！买得多，免得多！Ben c a n save 5.1 4.her e 这里there那里Here you are.给你。Here it is.在这。He r e we are.我们到了。Th e clot h es a re there,mad a m.夫人，服装在那边。Whe r e i s B a by Monkeys home?I t s there.1 5.be free=h a ve t im e 有时间，有空Are y ou fre e t h is S unda y?=Do you have（a ny）tim e this S u n da y?Im s o r ry I have n o time.=Im so r ry I d o nt have a ny time.1 6.I t t i me t o do s t h/for s t h.该做某事了,是做某事的时候了I t s t ime t o ha v e bre a k f a s t.=Its t im e for b r eakfast.17.Than k y ou f o r your help.=Tha n k you f o r helping me.谢谢你的帮忙。18.at eight oclock 在八点整in the morning/a fter n o o n /e venin g 在早上/下午/晚上on Su n day mo r i ng在星期天早上1 9.on on e 9 s way home在某人回家的路上o n o n e,s wa y to s chool在上学的路上Buy s o me e ggs and r i ce on your way home.T he B a by Mo n key c a fi nd h i s w a y h om e.【单元知识点详解】1 .购物表达语1)-Can I help y ou?/May I help you?Yes,please.I want to bu y som e clo t h e s f or my da u ght e r./Im just looki n g,t h a n ks.2)Wha t can I do fo r you?一 I wa n t a T sh i r t for m y s on.3)-Can I t r y i to n?/Why not tr y them o n?一 S ure/N o prob 1 em.4)That*s fin e.We 1 1 la k e it.5)2 80 yuan!A r e y o u kid d in g?Til think a bo u t it.Tha n k y o u a 1 1 th e same.6)-C o u 1 d you help me do s o me sh o p pi n g?-Sure.Wh a t do we need?7)-I s th a t a 1 1?就那些吗?Yes,I think so.是的，我想就这些。8)-I L s too h ea v y.它太重了。-L e t me help y o u.让我帮助你吧。2.询问对事物的观点、见解-How do yo u 1 i k e this pair o f p a n t s?=Wha t do y o u th i nk o f thi s p a i r of p a nts?你认为这条裤子怎么样？一 T h eyr e to o long./1 d o n t lik e it at all.H o w a b out the b lue o n e?3.询问数量how m uch+不可数名词+.?h o w many+可数名词(复数)+.?一H o w many app 1 es do y o u nee d?-We need tw o k ilo s o f apple s.-How many b ags o f r ice do you need?-We n e e d five bag s of ri c e.-H o w m u c h ric e do y o u n eed?We n eed f iv e bags of rice.4.询问价格(p ric e)一 How much is/a re .?一 Its/Theyre.-H o w m u ch i s the br e ad?-Its three y uan a loaf.-How much are the shoes?Th e y a r e 280 y u an.5.询问重量(q u an tity)-How hea v y i s it?-I t s o n e k i lo a b a g.一公斤一袋。6 .打电话的简朴交际用语1)Who i s t h is,please?Th i s is Sally.2)May I s pea k to Ma r ia?-So r ry,sh e isnt i n/at home now.3)A r e y o u f r ee thi s S unda y?-Yes.Whats up?4)Wo u Id you 1 i ke to go t o the West H i l l wit h u s?5)-C o u 1 d y ou ask/tell him to c all me b a ck t h i s even i n g?-S u r e.7.委婉地请求、建议1)W ould you 1 i ke t o fly a k ite wi t h me?-O h/Yes,Id 1 ove/lik e t o.2)How/W h at abo u t flying a kite w ith me?Tm so r r y I c ant.I have to c ook.3)Wh y not f ly a kite w ith me?-Id 1 i ke that,b u t Im so rry lh a v e n o tim e.4)-Le ts fly a k i t e.-Good i d ea./OK./T h at wou Id b e v e r y n i c e.8.询问 时 间(t i me)-W h a t time i s i t,pleas e?/Wh a t i s the time,p 1 eas e?-Its s e ven oclock.9.询问最喜欢的动物-Wh a t a re your favorite a nimals?-Elephan t s/M o n k eys/Pa n adas/Ti g ers.T h eye so/v er y k i nd/clever/c ute/st r o ng.【重点语法】1 .时间表达法(1)直接表达：“时十 分”，如：4:00 four o9 c lo c k;1 2:0 5 twel v e o fi v e;2:30 tw o thi r ty(2)30 分钟以内：用“分+p a st+时“，表达 几点几分”如：8:15 a quarter p ast eight;9：3 0h alf pa s t n in e(3)超过30分钟:用“(6 0 分)+to+(时+1)”表达“差几分到几点”如：3:5 5 f iv e to fo u r;5:4 0twen t y t o s i x2.s om e 与 any的用法som e用于肯定句及希望得到肯定