2023年上海市高三高考英语模拟试卷试题及答案.pdf
2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷(含答案)II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word thatbest fits each blank.Discovering a BrotherKieron Graham always knew he had an older brother.His adoption papers,signed and sealed when he was three months old,listed a brother named Vincent butno last name.Though Kieron spent years(21)(think)about Vincent,hecould never track him down.That changed in December 2017,(22)Kierons adoptive parents gavetheir four adopted children AncestryDNA tests as Christmas gifts.Kieron,now 21,sent his saliva(唾液)sample in for analysis.When his results came back,he wassurprised to find he had some DNA matches for relatives who(23)(take)thetest,too.Most were distant connections,but one match was so strong that it(24)(label)close family59.His name was Vincent Ghant.Kieron lookedfor him online and soon made a possible connection.叮his is going to sound sowild.but you seem(25)(be)my brother,Kieron wrote on the instantmessaging app.“I was given up(26)adoption in 1997 and it says on my paperworkthat my mother has a son with your name and your birth date.Her name is Shawn.”“OMG do you know your real name?wrote Vincent,now 30.nI think it was Tyler/“OMG YES!You are my brother.“Wow,wrote Kieron.“This is crazy.1 1 said Vincent.The craziness was just beginning.As they talked,the brothers realized theylived about 20 minutes from each other,outside of Atlanta.More mind-blowing,theyattended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects:political1science and legal studies.“What are the odds were separated our entire lives and then end up at the sameschool with the same interests?0 says Kieron.Now the brothers had the chance to make up for the(27)(lose)time.They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week.nI was really nervous J saysKieron.1 was wondering(28)I should say.As he waited outside the shop,heheard someone call his name,and he suddenly found(29)in a hug with thebrother hed thought about his entire life.The men went inside and talked.nWe connected/says Vincent,n(30)we already knew each other.nSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each wordcan only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.affected B.community C.condition D.contact E.decreased F.deliveredG.fearful H.intensity I.meaningful J.serious K.unrealisticLonelinessUniversity found one in four Australians feel lonely with many reporting anxietyabout socialising and 30 per cent saying they didnt feel part of a group of friends.Both young and old people are 31,though people over 65 are the leastlonely People tell me their friends dont ring them anymore/5 says William Yeates,who now runs webinars to bring people together others.uOne lady told me she doesntget any visitors;the only time she has any human 32 is in the weeklywebinar.I invited her out fbr lunch but she couldnt do it.She was too 33，Worryingly,one in eight young people aged 18-25 report a veryhigh 34 of loneliness,and are more likely than older people to feel greaterlevels of social anxiety.Even school-aged children report feeling lonely and isolatedand say they dont have 35 connections with people around them.While people have always felt lonelyifs part of the human 36_ theres no doubt that the modem world,with longer commuting times andgreater numbers of people living alone,has worsened the trend.Irene Verins,a2manager at Mental Wellbeing,VicHealth,says loneliness inyounger people aged 18 to 25 is often driven by 37So 38 is loneliness internationally that the UK governmentappointed a Minister for Loneliness and in 2011 launched a Campaign to EndLoneliness.It*s estimated that every 1 spent on relieving loneliness in Britain has39 a 2-3 saving in costs for the economy.Thafs because the lonelinessof individual people impacts the social togetherness of the whole 40.Thefewer lonely people,the lower the healthcare costs and the greater the wellbeing ofeveryone.nThis is national issue/says Verins.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrasesmarked A,B5 C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.How did Cape Town,South Africa,get into a Day Zero situation-when thecity*s taps would go dry because its reservoirs（水库）would become dangerously lowon water?The city gets its water from six reservoirs in Western Cape province,whichusually 41 during the rainy season,from May through August.But since2015 the region has been suffering from the worst drought（干 旱）in a century,andthe water in those reservoirs 42 tremendously.Compounding the problem,Cape Towns population has grown substantially,increasing 43.The cityactually did a pretty good job by reducing leaks in the system,a major cause of waterwaste,and has even won awards for its 44 policies.But the governmentof South Africa was slow to declare a national disaster in the areas hit hardest by thedrought,paving the way fbr the recent 45.Cape Town is not 46.Since 2014 southeastern Brazil has beensuffering its worst water shortage in 80 y e a r s,47 decreased rainfall,forestation and other factors.And many cities in India do not have access to municipalwater for more than a few hours a day,if at al l.48,the city of Shimla ranout of drinking water in May,urging locals to beg tourists to stay away from the popular Himalayan summer resort.In the U.S.,the situation is somewhat better,but many urban centers still349 water problems.Californians recent multiyear drought led to some ofthe states driest years on record.Since about half of the states urban water usage isfor landscaping,it was able to cut back on that fairly easily.But cities that use most oftheir water fbr more essential uses,such as drinking water,may not be so50.51,steps can be taken to avoid urban water crises.In general,aportfolio approach that relies on multiple water sources is probably most52.Cape Town has already begun implementing a number of waterprojects,including tapping groundwater and building water-recycling plants.Manyother cities will need to repair existing water infrastructure（基 石 出 建设）to cut downon leakage.City leaders should be thinking about meeting long-term needs rather thanjust about 53 requirements.Good organization and financialaccountability are equally critical.And planning efforts should include diversestakeholders（利 益相关 者）from the community.One major challenge is providingservices to informal areas,which develop without any government foresight.Suchregions often 54 basic resources-a well-planned water supply amongthem.The global community has an opportunity right now to take action to prevent aseries of Day Zero crises.If we dont act,many cities may soon face a time whenthere isn*t a drop to5541.A.take overB.fill upC.make offD.set out42.A.decreasedB.roseC.remainedD.drowned43.A.likelihoodB.proportionC.demandD.efficiency44.A.architectureB.agricultureC.economyD.conservation45.A.policyB.growthC.crisisD.change46.A.enoughB.possibleC.difficultD.alone47.A.making up forB.resulting fromC.taking advantage ofD.looking into48.A.In a wordB.By comparisonC.Whats worseD.For example49.A.avoidB.solveC.discussD.face50.A.passiveB.purposefulC.adaptableD.reliable51.A.SimilarlyB.FortunatelyC.InitiallyD.Alternatively52.A.questionableB.memorableC.effectiveD.confusing453.A.daily54.A.neglect55.A.drinkB.legalB.lackB.pourC.maximumC.provideC.placeD.normalD.findD.recordSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.（A）A great deal can be learned from the actual traces of ancient human movement:the footprints of early hominids（原始人类）.The best-known specimens（标本）are the remarkable tracks discovered at Laetoli,Tanzania,by Mary Leaky.These wereleft by small hominids around 3.6 to 3.75 million years ago.Examination of the shape of the prints revealed to Mary Leakey that the feethad a raised arch,a rounded heel（脚跟）,a pronounced ball,and a big toe thatpointed forward.These features,together with the weight-bearing pressure patterns,resembled the prints of upright-walking modem humans.The pressures imposedalong the foot,together with the length of step,which averaged 87 centimeters,indicated that the hominids had been walking slowly.In short,all the detectablefeatures implied that the feet that left the footprints were very little different fromthose of contemporary humans.A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry,a techniquefor obtaining measurements through photographs,which created a drawing showingall the curves and shapes of the prints.The result emphasized that there were at leastseven points of similarity with modem prints,such as the depth of the heel impression,and the deep imprint of the big toe.Footprints thus provide us not merely with rareimpressions of the soft tissue of early hominids,but also with evidence of uprightwalking that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones.The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remoteperiods.Hundreds of prints are known,for example,in French caves dating from theend of the last Ice Age,approximately 10,000 years ago.Research by Leon Pales hasprovided information about this period.556.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The career of Mary Leakey.B.The analysis of footprint specimens.C.Accurate dating of hominid remains.D.Behavioral patterns of early humans.57.The figure of 87 centimeters mentioned in paragraph 2 refers to the size of theA.hominids feetB.hominids bodiesC.steps taken by the hominidsD.objects carried by the hominids58.Why does the author mention the heel impressionH in paragraph 3?A.To indicate the weight of early hominids.B.To emphasize the size of the hominids foot.C.To hint at a possible injury the hominid had suffered.D.To give an example of similarity to modem human footprints.59.What can be inferred about the footprints found in French caves mentioned in thelast paragraph?A.They show more details than the Laetoli prints.B.They are not as informative as the Laetoli prints.C.They are of more recent origin than the Laetoli prints.D.They are more difficult to study than the Laetoli prints（B）The elements other than hydrogen and helium（氮 气）exist in such smallquantities that it is accurate to say that the universe somewhat more than 25 percenthelium by weight and somewhat less than 25 percent hydrogen.Astronomers have measured the amount of helium throughout our galaxy（星系）and in other galaxies as well.Helium has been found in old stars,in relativelyyoung ones,and in the distant objects known as quasars.Helium nuclei have alsobeen found in cosmic rays that fall on the earth（cosmic rays are not really a formof radiation;they consist of rapidly moving particles（颗粒）of numerous differentkinds）.It doesnt seem to make very much difference where the helium is found.Its6amount never seems to vary much.In some places,there may be slightly more of it;inothers,slightly less,but the proportion of helium to hydrogen nuclei always remainsabout the same.Helium is created in stars.In fact,nuclear reactions that turn hydrogen tohelium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.However,the amountof helium that could have been produced in this manner can be calculated,and it turnsout to be no more than a few percent.The universe has not existed long enough forthis figure to be significantly greater.Consequently,if the universe is somewhat morethan 25 percent helium now,then it must have been about 25 percent helium at a timenear the beginning.However,when the universe was less than one minute old,no helium could haveexisted.Calculations indicate that before this time temperatures were too high andparticles of matter were moving around much too rapidly.It was only after theone-minute point that helium could exist.By this time,the universe had cooledsufficiently.But the nuclear reactions that led to the formation of helium went on foronly a relatively short time.By the time the universe was a few minutes old,heliumproduction had effectively ceased.60.According to the passage,helium is.A.difficult to detectB.the oldest element in the universeC.a common element in quasarsD.the second element in the universe in amount61.Why does the author mention cosmic raysn in paragraph 2?A.To explain how the universe began.B.As part of a list of things containing helium.C.As an example of an unsolved astronomical puzzle.D.To explain the abundance of hydrogen in the universe.62.Most of the helium in the universe was f or me d.A.in invisible spaceB.in a very short timeC.before most of the hydrogenD.during the first minute of the universes existence7（C）Every year millions of breeding monarch butterflies in the U.S.and southernCanada search for milkweed plants on which to lay their eggs.Concern over shrinkinghabitat（居住地）has urged conservationists to create monarch-friendly spaces alongroadsides,which are more than enough within the butterflies range and usuallypublicly owned.But traffic noise stresses monarch caterpillars out,a new study finds.They eventually do become desensitized to itbut that might cause trouble to themlater on,too.Noise pollution is known to affect the lives of birds,whales and other creatures.But until recently,scientists had never tested whether it leads to a stress response ininsects.When Andy Davis,a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia,noticed online videos of roadside monarch caterpillars apparently trembling as carscame by,he wondered how the constant noise might affect them.Davis built a customcaterpillar heart monitor,fitting a small sensor into a microscope to precisely measuremonarch caterpillars*heart rates as they listened to recordings of traffic sounds in thelaboratory.The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17percent faster than those of caterpillars in a silent room.But the heart rates of thenoise-exposed group returned to baseline levels after hearing the traffic soundsnonstop for their entire 12-day development period,Davis and his colleagues reportedin May in Biology Letters.This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults,Davissays.A rapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-monthjourney to spend winters in Mexico,as they narrowly escape predators（捕食者）andfight wind currents.Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs*survival rates remainsunknown,notes Ryan Norris,an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario,whowas not involved in the study.But in any case,he believes roadside habitat almostcertai
