(2023年)非谓语动词学案+答案.docx

非谓语动词学案+答案非谓语动词学案+答案编辑整理：敬重的读者朋友们：这里是编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事细心编辑整理后公布的，公布之前我们对文中内容进展认真校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然期望非谓语动词学案+答案的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的期望收到您的建议和反响，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，假设觉得对您有帮助请保藏以便随时查阅，最终祝您生活开心 业绩进步，以下为非谓语动词学案+答案的全部内容。10语法复习专题七非谓语动词不定式 to dov-ingas n.as adj。or adv.动名词现在分一、 非谓语动词的分类非谓语ved过去分二、 非谓语动词的语法功能准时态、语态种类在句中的作用不定式 to do主语 宾语表语定语状语补语动名词 doing主语 宾语表语定语分现在分词doing过去分词done表定状补语词语语语1、句法功能形式 时态类别形式一般式时态概念主动式被动式谓语动作之后to doto be done完成式谓语动作之前to doto have donetodonehavebeen进展式doing与谓语动作同时发生与谓语动作几乎同时to be doing ×一般式doingbeing done完成式 谓语动作之前having done having been donedone发生了、完成了done2、时态、语态三、非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句谓语动词), 又没有连词的状况下, 还有别的动词消灭时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。Ex. 1: 找出以下句子中的非谓语动词含短语。1。 Tom returned from the managers office， telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2。 The news meeting， to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters。3。 I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.5. To live is to struggle。(生活就是斗争。四、非谓语动词的用法 非谓语三种根本形式表达的意义 Seeing from the top of the hill， we find the park is beautiful。 主动，进展 Please keep quiet in the reading room。 性质 Founded in 1636， Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US。 被动，完成 We see fallen leaves on the ground. 完成 Dressed in red， she looks more beautiful。 状态 We are invited to a party to be held next Friday。 将来 We plant many trees to make our city green。 目的表达意义：动词-ing ：主动, 进展， 性质； 动词ed ：被动, 完成, 状态； to do：将来， 目的.1、v-ing 作非谓语动词(1作主语Eg: Seeing is believing.Sending e-mail is increasingly popular. Ex. 2: 请用 ving 作主语，把以下句子翻译成英文。1)说太多会给你带来麻烦。2 闲逛对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式。2作宾语Eg： I couldnt help crying when I heard the bad news。 mind， suggest， delay, keep on ， look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, cant help， miss 等动词用 ving 作宾语。 在表示“需要” 的need, want 和require 等后用ving 形式的主动形式表示被动意义， 也可用不定式的被动式。Eg： This car needs repairing。Or： This car needs to be repaired。Ex. 3： 请把以下句子翻译成英文。1） 你介意独处吗？ 2） 他没有马上把消息告知她。3） 这种食物要煮过才能吃。3)作表语Eg: The story is so moving。The book is very interesting. Ex。 4: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。1） 这个问题真的很令人困惑.2） 他的话很让人无望.4作定语Eg： China is a developing country.The kite flying in the sky was made by him. 位置：1单个的动词的-ing 形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语。如:a flying object2动词的ing 形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如： an object flying in the air 假设ing 形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式,即 being done, 通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。如：the tall building being builtnow正在被建的高楼Ex。 5： 请用 v-ing 作定语，把以下句子翻译成英文.1） 这片正被破坏的森林曾经是很迷人的。2） 在一中学习的学生数量大约为 8000 人。3) 这是一部让人感动的电影。(5ving 作状语1 v-ing 短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、缘由、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作等. 表时间Eg： Turning around， she saw a police car driving up.Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.When hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing。 表缘由Eg: Being poor， he couldnt go to school.Seeing nobody at home， he left them a note.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him. 表方式或伴随Eg: She stood, waiting for a bus。He sat there， reading a book。The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing。 表结果Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door。Her husband died， leaving her four children. They fired, killing many people in the street. 表条件Eg: Using your head， youll find a good way.Working hard， youll surely succeed.2) 当 ving 形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时,应使用完成式：having doneEg: Having finished his homework， he rushed out to play basketball. Ex. 6: 用所给词的适当形式填空.1) (not know much French, they couldn”t make themselvesunderstood when they were in Paris。2) (finish all work， they went home。3) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, (saynothing about the argument.4) (gather around the fire， the tourists danced with the local people.5 their eyes.look) at my classmates” faces， I read the same excitement in6 It rained heavily in the south,cause) serious flooding in several provinces。6v-ing 作宾补 have， leave, keep， see， watch, hear, find， notice, feel， catch 等动词及 with 介词后可用ving 形式作宾补。Eg： Can you hear a girl singing an English song in the next room now？ With his mother helping him， he is getting on well with his work.2、v-ed 作非谓语动词(1) 作表语Eg： We were so bored that we couldn”t help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened。Ex. 7： 用括号内的词的适当形式填空。1 I”msatisfy with your answer。2) He is not 2 作定语(interest) in research。Eg: She has a pleased look on her face。The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.cooked food 熟食；成品a written report 书面报告;报告书fried eggs 煎鸡蛋；炒蛋boiled water 开水；白开水frozen food 速冻食品armed forces 武装部队;武装力气required courses 必修课fallen leaves落叶finished products 成品a forced smile 苦笑Ex. 8： 用括号内词的适当形式填空。1 Whats the languagespeak in that country？2) They”re problems (leave over by history。3 The play (put on by the teachers was a big success.4) Is there anybodyinjury)？3) 作状语Eg： Seen from the hill， the city looks magnificent.They came in, followed by some children.Ex. 9: 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1 (give) good health, I hope to finish the work this year。2 depress), he went to see his elder sister。3) When(treat) with kindness, he was very amiable.4) 作宾补1） 在感官动词后面做宾补常用的感官动词包括：see， notice， watch， hear， listen to， feel， find 等. Eg: I can smell something burnt.2） 在使役动词后面做宾补常用的使役动词有:have, get， make, leave 等。Eg: She had her eyes examined yesterday.3） 在with/ without 构造中Eg：With so much work unfinished, I cant leave now。4在某些动词之后，相当于省略了to be。常见的动词有:want, would like， prefer 等.Eg: The manager wanted the work (to be finished by 3:00 Ex。 10: 用括号里单词的适当形式填空。1) I will have the clothes (wash tomorrow.2) When they get back home， they found the room (rob。3 He would like the waterboil) before drinking. 4 I saw a boyknock down by a car just now。5 He shouted to make himself (hear。6) Without enough money experiment。3、to do 作非谓语动词1 不定式作补语动词+宾语+不定式的构造 leave)， he can t go on with hisadviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldriveenableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/orderpermitlovemakelethavewantgetwarnpersuaderequestsendtelltrainurgeEg: Father will not allow us to play on the street。The officer ordered his men to fire. 留意：有些动词如 make，have，get，want 等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进展，过去分词表达被动。2) 不定式作主语不定式作主语，往往用it 作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。Eg: It”s so nice to hear your voice.Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. Its for sb。和 Its of sb。这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式规律主语标志用 for或of 的区分。1） for sb。 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词, 如easy, hard, difficult， interesting, impossible 等。Eg： Its very hard for him to study two languages.2） of sb 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智力量、主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good， kind, nice, clever, foolish， right。Eg： It”s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。3 不定式作表语不定式可放在be 动词后面，形成表语。Eg: My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor。(4) 不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。Eg： I have a lot of work to do.There was nothing to bring home that morning.5) 不定式作状语1目的状语常用构造为to do , only to do 仅仅为了)， in order to do， so as to do, so (such) as to (如此以便)。Eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus。I come here only to say good-bye to you.2)作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面.Eg： I awoke to find my truck gone.He searched the room only to find nothing。3表缘由Eg： Im glad to see you。She wept to see the sight。4表示理由和条件Eg: He must be a fool to say so。You will do well to speak more carefully。(6) 省去 to 的动词不定式1 情态动词除ought 外后。2) 使役动词 let， have， make 后,感官动词 see， watch， look at， notice， observe， hear， listen to， smell, feel， find 等后。 留意：被动语态中不能省去to。I saw him dance.= He was seen to dance。The boss made them work the whole night.= They were made to work the whole night。3 would rather, had better 句型后4 Why don”t you 。 /Why not .。 句型后Why not try once more？ 何不再试一下？5） help 后可带to，也可不带 to， 如：help sb (to) do sth.6） but 和except 后。but 前是实义动词do 时，后面消灭的不定式不带to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine。7) 由and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式,其次个to 可以省去。8) 通常在discover， imagine， suppose， think 等词后作宾补时，可以省去 to be。Eg： He is supposed to be) nice。7 不定式的特别句型 too to too to太以至于Eg: He is too excited to speak。8) 不定式的特别句型 so as to 否认式是so as not to doEg： Get up early so as to catch the bus。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job。vingv-ed时态进展时过去语态主动被动五、ving 和ved 的区分从时态和语态两个角度去区分1、作定语a developed country / a developing countrya student playing with knife people fighting against wars a soldier wounded by knifea road covered with snow ving 表示动作正在进展或者是主动关系。v-ed 表示已经发生的或者被动关系.2、作状语Seeing from the hill， you can get the whole town。Hearing the good news, we all jumped up with joy. Seen from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful. Given more time， we could finish the job. v-ing 用作状语时, 和主句的主语构成主动关系。v-ed 用作状语时, 和主句的主语构成被动关系.3、作宾补They kept me waiting for a long time.He watched the cars coming and going。Mr。 Li has Jim standing outside the door。I had my MP3 repaired last week.We heard this song sung in English.No matter how I try, I just can”t make myself understood by the foreigner. v-ing 用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成主动关系，说明宾语始终在做或正在做某事。v-ed 用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成被动关系，说明宾语的状况。六、非谓语动词的结题步骤(三大步骤) 1。 推断用谓语/非谓语谓语：一般形式 依据一般的时态、语态变化 非谓语：doing/ done/ to do2. 找出规律主语3. 选择非谓语动词的形式(表达意义:ving, ved， to do Step 1 是否使用非谓语Ex. 11： 先推断一下句子是否有非谓语动词,再用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1 study hard， you will pass the final exam.2） She got off the bus and (head for home.3） I think I (be not strict enough with you。4） Look！ The girl dance is Mary。(sing is Alice and the one who 小结：一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动词， 没有从句，又没有连词的状况,那就要非谓语动词。Ex. 12：用 turn 的正确形式填空.1） If you to the left， youll find the post office.2 to the left， and you”ll find the post office.3 to the left， youll find the post office。 Step 2 找规律主语Ex。 13： 观看以下句子，然后填空。1) He sat at the desk， writing a letter。2） Taken good care of， the trees will grow up quickly.3) He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information。以上的非谓语动词 在句子中充当的 成分是， 它们的 规律主语 是 .4） The school built 10 years ago is Xiyi Middle school 。5） Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise。6） I”m calling to ask about the position advertised in China Daily。以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是, 它们的规律主语是 。7) I found them painting the windows。8 I found the windows painted.9 With his friend helping him，he finished his work quickly.以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是, 它们的规律主语是 . Step 3 选择非谓语动词的形式Ex. 14：用适当的非谓语动词形式填空。1） They went to Shanghai， with their son(leave) to his grandparents。2） They are busy， (prepare files wanted in the interview.独立主格构造Absolute Structure是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独七、独立主格构造立构造，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格构造中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成规律上的主谓关系.这种构造与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当敏捷，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别留意的是 , 独立主格构造与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 独立主格构造的功能和用法（1） 名词/代词+现在分词Eg： Winter coming, it gets colder and colder。The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave。（2） 名词/代词+过去分词Eg： This done, we went home.Homework finished， the boy went out to play。（3） 名词/代词+不定式Eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month。The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home， the other to go to his friends.(4名词/代词+形容词Eg: An air accident happened to the lane， nobody alive。So many people absent， the meeting had to be called off。5)名词代词)+副词Eg： The meeting over， our headmaster soon left the meeting room。The lights off, we could not go on with the work。6名词/代词+介词短语Eg: Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door。 小结：1独立主格构造的规律主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.2两局部之间没有连接词连接.独立主格构造一般有逗号与主句分开。Ex。 15: 选择适宜的选项。(1Not far from the school there was a garden， owner seated init playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon。A。 itsB. whoseC. whichD. that（2） He wrote a lot of novels, many of languages。A。 itB。 themC. whichD. thattranslated into foreign（3） He wrote a lot of novels, many ofwere translated into foreign languages。A。 itB。 themC。 whichD。 that非谓语动词综合练习一、语篇练习My sister, Paula, and her husband， Chris， had just finished 1 tuck) their young ones into bed one evening when they heard crying 2 come from the children”s room。 3(rush in, they found Tommy4cry hysterically (歇斯底里地。He had accidentally swallowed a 5p piece and was sure he was going to die. No amount of 5talk could change his mind。 Trying to calm him, Chris palmed a 5p coin that he happened to have in his pocket and pretended 6remove it from Tommys ear. Tommy, naturally， was 7 delight)。 In a flash， he snatched it from his fathers hand， 8 it and demanded cheerfully“Do it again, Dad!” 二、写作运用把一般的句子变成高级的非谓语。1. He is standing there and he is singing.He is standing there，.2. Mary finished her homework and then she went out to play. , Mary went out to play.3. The teacher entered the classroom， and he was followed by a group of students。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom， .4. I”m afraid of being laughed at。I usually keep silent when I meet foreigners。请用非谓语动词的形式，把以上两个句子合并为一个句子三、请用以下动词的适当形式填空1. The sun was setting when my carbreak) down near a remote and poor village. 2023 年广东2. While she was getting me settle into a tiny but clean room，the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage。 (2023 年广东3。 She wished that he was as easy(please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume。 (2023 年广东4. He spit it out, (say it was awful. (2023 年广东)5. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed aman sit) at the front. 2023 年广东6. He suddenly appeared in class one day，wear sun glasses. 2023 年广东)7. Suddenly, he (find) that he had run out of salt. 2023 年广东)8。 In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world， but everyone added a little, always(think that it was only small and not very important。 (2023 年广东9. (suffer such heavy pollution already， it may now be too late to clean up the river。10. I really appreciate nice island。hav