【课件】Unit+5+Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件人教版（2019）必修第一册.pptx

人教版（2019）必修一Unit 5 Languages Around the WorldDiscovering Useful StructuresDescribe your favourite thingsLearning objectivesBy the end of this section,you will be able to:1.identifyand summarise the function of relative adverbs in restrictive relative clauses;2.describe one of your favourite memories with restrictive relative clauses.Review the grammar you learnt in the last unit.modify a noun or pronouncan be introduced by relative pronouns1.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.2.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.3.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.L e a d-i nrestrictive relative clausesprovide specific informationthat,which,who,whom,whosePresentationLook at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses.What kind of information does each clause communicate?It was a time when people were divided geographically.Information:a time for an eventEmperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified countrywhere the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.Information:a location for an eventThere are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.Information:a reason for an actionThese were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancientChinese people.Information:a location for an action限制性定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句1.when引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time，day，year，month，week等），且关 系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用 when 引导。(2)when可以换成“介词+which”。The first of October,1949,is the day when(=on which)the Peoples Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Ill never forget the time when(=during which)we visited Xian.我永远不会忘记我们参观西安的那段时间。Do you remember the day when(=on which)we first met?你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？注意当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或 which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在 定语从句中充当状语，则用 when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾 语，则用that或which引导。Do you still remember the days(that/which)we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？（that 或which 作spent 的宾语）Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）2.where引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词（如place，room，mountain，airport等）或表示抽象地点的名词（如case，state，condition，point，situation等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。(2)where可以换成“介词+which”。This is the place where(=at/in which)we first met.这是我们第一次见面的地方。The hotel where(=at/in which)we stayed was very clean.我们住的旅馆很干净。I recently went back to the town where(=in which)my father was born.我最近回到了我父亲出生的那个城镇。Id like to live in a country where(=in which)there is plenty of sunshine.我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。注意当先行词为表示地点的名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.他的父亲在一家制造收音机零件的工厂里工作。辨析where引导的定语从句和状语从句(1)where引导定语从句时，为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一 个表示地点的先行词。此时，where可以换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。Is there a shop around where(=in which)we can buy some fruit?附近有没有一个商店可以让我们在里面买些水果?(2)where引导状语从句时，为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句 中的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where不能换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于 主句之后。Where there is a will,there is a way.We should go where we are needed.（谚）有志者，事竟成。我们应该到需要我们的地方去。3.why引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语 从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。(2)why可以用for which 来代替。Thats the reason why(=for which)he missed his bus.那就是他没赶上公共汽车的原因。I didnt get a pay rise,but this wasnt the reason why(=for which)I left.我没有得到加薪，但这并不是我离开的原因。注意若先行词为reason，且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。The reason that he told me yesterday is a lie.昨天他告诉我的理由是个谎言。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.关系代词的选择“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从 句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指 物时关系代词用which不能用 that。This is the student for whom I bought a book.This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。The film in which he played the leading role was a great success.他主演的那部电影非常成功。这就是我给买书的那个学生。2.介词的选择(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这就是你花高价买的那辆车吗？(pay.for sth.)In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help)(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(be satisfied with)(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。Can you tell me the way in which the machine works?你能告诉我这台机器的工作原理吗？(in the way)I cant remember the age at which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age)(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子中，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来 选择介词。This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。This kind of colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen.这种无色气体被称作氧气，没有它我们就不能生存。3.介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）。This is the book for which you asked.这是你要的那本书。This is the book(which/that)you asked for.这是你要的那本书。注意有些固定的动词短语一般不能拆开，介词一般只能放在动词的后面。4.在“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词也可换成介词短语，如by means of，because of，at the foot of，at the back of，in front of，on the top of 等。若介词短 语表示位置，则定语从句往往用倒装语序。Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.声音是人们互相交流的工具。They stayed in a big hotel in front of which was a garden.他们住在一家大旅馆里，旅馆前面是一个花园。P r a c t i c eUnderline the clauses in the sentences and decide whether they are restrictive relative clauses or object clauses.Relative clause1.The reason why he found German so difficult was because of its grammar.Object clause2.A:Have you decided where we should go for our holiday yet?Relative clauseB:After learning for two years,I really want to visit a country where French is spoken.Relative clause3.According to an old story,there was once a time when the whole world spoke only one language.Object clause4.This passage introduces how Chinese characters have changed over time.Fill in the table to complete each phrase with a restrictive relative clause.Then use the phrases to make complete sentences.the placewherethe reasonwhyI didnt get a pay-rise.I dont know the reason why I didnt get a pay-rise.the place/timein/at whichmy friend livesI found Grandmas glassesI was on holiday the day when the earthquake happened.She works near the place where my friend lives.This is the cupboard Grandmas glasses.in which I foundthe daywhenthe earthquake happenedComplete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns.Add a preposition where necessary.When I started studying German,it was a struggle.The words felt strange on my tongue,and the grammar would not stay in my head.I told my mum that I wanted togive up,and that I would never live in a country where/in whichGerman was spoken.My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future.It was exercise for the brain;the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow.And Iremember that day when/on whichI suddenly felt like German was no longer aforeign language.It felt like my brain had doubled in size.I had finally come to a placeI could think in this foreign language,and I could see the world froma different point of view.I felt as if I had reached the goal which/that I had been fighting for.I could open a book and see meanings,not just a sea of words.I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up.Thanks,Mum!where/at whichFill in the blanks with the correct relative pronouns or adverbs.Add a preposition where necessary.1.Japanese uses three writing systems,including kanji that/which originated(起源)in China.2.Nineteen fifty-three was the year when/in which Xinhua Zidian,or theNew Chinese Dictionary,first came out.3.Bones where/on which symbols were carved known as “oracle bones”,have contributed a lot to our understanding of Chinas past.4.There are many reasons why English is so widely used around the world in the fields of science,business,and more.5.Sign language is of great importance for people who are deaf or have poor hearingWorkbookComplete the passage with the correct relative pronouns or adverbs below.that whenwhere(in)whichwhowhyThe United Nations(UN)is an organisation that/which aims to promote international cooperation.It was founded in 1945 and has about 190 member states.This is the reason why the UN has a huge number of translators and interpreters,since international meetings in the UN are attended by people who speak so many different languages.Translators are people who usually work with written language,while interpreters work with spoken language.Meetings where/in which only two languages are used may need only one interpreter,while larger events where/in which leaders from many countries gather may need over 70 interpreters.Complete the passage with the correct relative pronouns or adverbs below.that whenwhere(in)whichwhowhyThere are two main ways that an interpreter can provide spoken translation.First is the method which/that requires the speaker to stop every few sentences so the interpreter can translate those sentences for the audience.The second method is the one in which/wher_e the interpreter listens and translates at the same time.This second method is more difficult,but the place _where/in which the interpreter is located is not so important.The interpreter can be in a completely different location from the speaker,listen through headphones,and translate for an audience sitting in another location!Match the sentence parts with the times,places,and reasons.Then make complete sentences with restrictive relative clauses.when/prep+which A Lu Xun was bornB I have my debating class 1.(A)1881Eighteen eighty-one was the year when Lu Xun was born.2.(B )SundaySunday is the day when/on which I have my debating class.where/prep+whichC the oldest written European language has been foundD language is processed3.(D )the left part of the brainThe left part of the brain is the place where/in which language is processed.4.(C )modern TurkeyModern Turkey is the place where/in which the oldest writ en European language has been found.Match the sentence parts with the times,places,and reasons.Then make complete sentences with restrictive relative clauses.whyE some students like to do volunteer workF people often choose to learn a foreign language5.(E)caring about othersThe reason why some students like to do volunteer work is because they care about others.OR:Caring about others is the reason why some students like to do volunteer work.6.(F)spending some time abroadA reason why people often choose to learn a foreign language is to spend some time abroad.OR:To spend some time abroad is the reason why people often choose to learn a foreign language.ProductionWork in pairs.Ask and answer the questions.A:What kind of day makes you happy?B:Its a day when A:Whats your favourite place at school?B:Its,because it is a place where A:What kind of teachers do you like best B:I like teachers who A:Who do you admire most?Why?B:I admire.Thats the reason why?Words and ExpressionsWhen I started studying German,it was a struggle.(P64)当我开始学习德语时，这很难。struggle/str l/n.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗搭配It is(not)a struggle to do sth.做（不）是件难事。struggle for 为奋斗/斗争struggle to do努力做某事 struggle with/against和斗争例句It was a real struggle to complete this task before the weekend.周末前完成这项任务绝非易事。She has been struggling for success all the time.她一直在为成功而奋斗。My father struggled to support a large family on a very low income several years ago.几年前，我的父亲靠着微薄的收入艰难地供养一个大家庭。He struggled against cancer for ten years.他同癌症抗争了十年。1.I could think in this foreign language,and I could see the world from a differentpoint of view.(P64)我可以用这门外语思考，我还可以从一个不同的角度看世point of view观点；看法例句There are a number of different points of view on this issue.关于这个问题有许多不同的观点。From my point of view,the party was a complete success.在我看来，这次聚会非常成功。界。拓展in view在视野之中，看得见in ones view在某人看来in view of鉴于，考虑到，由于on view在展出，陈列着come into view出现，进入视野take/hold the view that.持有观点2Draw a mind map to summarize the rules of restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns and adverbs.Describe your favourite things with restrictiverelative clauses based on the conversation in Activity 4.