2023年初中英语语法学习之动词易错点分析.docx

2023年初中英语语法学习之动词易错点分析be表示存在，be+形容词A be通常用来表示人或物的存在Tom is a carpenter.汤姆是木匠。The dog is in the garden.那只狗在花园里。Malta is an island.马耳他是一个岛国。The roads were rough and narrow.道路既崎岖又狭窄。Gold is a metal.金是一种金属。Peter was tall and fair.彼得身材高大，皮肤白皙。B be可以用来表示身体和精神状况I am hot / cold.我感到热/冷。He was excitnd / calm.他激动/冷静。They will be happy / unhappy.他们会感到愉快/不快。be和某些形容词例如 quiet / noisy, good / bad, wise / foolish 等连用时可以 用进行式，如Tom is being foolish （汤姆此刻正在说傻话或做傻 事），意指主语此刻正在表现出这种特征。试把这个句子与Tom is foolish （汤姆很愚蠢）相比较。后一句意指汤姆在言谈和行动上总 是愚蠢的。同理：The children are being quiet.孩子们现在不吵不闹。相当于：They are playing quietly now.他们在安静地玩着。但如果说The children are quiet,则可能意指孩子们平时总 是安静地玩。另外一些形容词也可以用于进行式：annoying generous / mean cautious / rash helpful / unhelpful clever / stupid irritating difficult mysterious economical / extravagant optimistic / pessimistic formal polite funny selfish/ unselfish 其中有些形容词如 stupid, difficult, funny, polite等用于进行式时，可以意味着主语有意这样做。You are being stupid （你有意装傻）可以意指 You are not try ing to understand （你不想努力弄懂）。He is being difficult （他故意犯别扭）通常意味着He is raising unnecessary objections （他正在提出一些不必要的异议）。He is being funny （他在故意做出滑稽可笑的样子）通常意味 着 He is only joking. Don' t believe him （他只是开玩笑，不要 相信他）。She is just being polite （她只是做出有礼貌的样子）可能意 指 She is only pretending to admire your car / clothes / house 等（她装做表示羡慕你的车子/衣服/房子等）。C表示年龄-How old are you?-I am ten. / I am ten years old.-你多大岁数？-我十岁了。（但不能说：I am ten years.）-How old is the tower?-It is 400 years old.-那座塔有多少年历史了？-它有400年的历史了。（在说明事物的年代多久时,必须用years oldo ）D表不尺寸和重量-How tall are you? / What is your height?-I am 1. 65 metres.你有多高？一我一米六五。一How high are we now?-We' re about 20, 000 feet.-我们现在的飞行高度是多少？-大约两万英尺。-What is your weight? / What do you weigh? How much do you weigh?-I am 65 kilos. / I weigh 65 kilos.-你体重多少？-我65公斤。E表示价格-How much is this melon? / What does this melon cost?Tt' s £1.-这甜瓜怎么卖？-英镑。The best sats are (=cost) £5.最好的座位的票价是五英镑。通常不用于进行时的动词进行时态主要只用于表示有意识的动作。因此某些动词通常不用 进行时态而只有一种现在时态，即一般现在时。这些动词可以分类如 下：A表示感觉(不由自主的动作)的动词如feel, hear, see, smell； 也包括notice和observe (=notic)以及当连词用的feel, look, taste 等 o表示有意识地使用感官的动词如gaze, listen, look (at), observe (=watch) , stare和watch可用于各种进行时态：一Watch!一I am watching but I donf t see anything unusual.一看！我是在看，可我看不出有什么不寻常的事。He is listening to a tape, but he's wearing earphones so nobody else hears it.他在听磁带，可他是戴着耳机听的，所以别人谁也听不见。B表示感情和情绪的动词如admire ( =respect) , adore , appreciate (二value) , care for (=like) , desire, detest, dislike, fear, hate, like, loathe, love, mind (=care) , respect, value, want, wish 等。但是，在admire意为“以敬佩、赞美或羡慕的眼光看着”， appreciate意为"增值"，care for意为"照顾"，long for意为“渴望得到"，mind意为“照顾/使自己关顾到"，value意为“估 计事物值多少钱”，enjoy和like / love意为“享用"和hate表示“很讨厌地干和用着”时，它们都表示了主动的动作，可以有进行时 态。但like, love与hate还是用一般时态更为保险：He's enjoying his holiday in the Arctic. He hates touristy places and he doesn't mind the cold.他正在北极地区享受假日。他不喜欢旅游味道浓的地方，他也不 怕冷。I!m minding my own business.我在管我自己的事。一How are you liking / Do you like your new job?-11 m hating it. / I hate it. I just don't like work, you see.你喜欢你的新工作吗？我恨透了它/我讨厌它。你知道，我就是不愿意干活。C 表示精神活动的动词如 agree, appreciate (=understand), assume, believe, expect (=think) , feel (=think) , feel sure / certain, forget, know, mean, perceive, realize, recall, recongnize, recollect, remember, see (=understand), see through someone(=penetrate his attempt to deceive) , suppose, think (=have an opinion) , trust (=believe / have confidence in), understandoD表示拥有的动词如belong, owe, own, possess：How much do I owe you?我欠你多少钱？(我该给你多少钱？)E助动词，但be和have的某些用法除外。F appear(=seem), concern, consist, contain, hold(=contain), keep (=continue) , matter, seem, signify, sound (=seem / appear)：It concerns us all.它和我们大家都有关系。This box contains explosives.这个匣子里面是炸药。但appear意为“公开露面或出现''时则可用进行时。