Unit+4+Fun+with+Science+复习导学案 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选修第一册.docx

Unit 4 Fun with science Part one 重点词汇1. 稳定的；匀速的 adv. 2. 密度；密集 adj. 3. 使混合 4. 神经；勇气 adj. 5. 移植 6. 隔离；孤立 v. isolate adj. 7. 给.注射药物；增加 n. 8. 积累，积聚 9. 抵挡；反抗 n. adj. resistant 10. 加强，增强 pt. n. adj. intensive Part two单句语境填词，注意词性和词形1. His presence i a bit of enthusiasm into the whole performance the other day.2. The sea and the sky seemed to b into each another.3. The no-smoking policy was introduced with little r from staff.4. Dust and dirt soon a if a house is not cleaned regularly.5. She was always worrying about her figure as she couldn't r the temptation of chocolates.6. The tortoise never for a moment stopped, but went on with a slow but s （匀速的） pace straight to the end of the course.7. It is of great academic significance to i （加强） the research into this subject which has not been given adequate attention.8. Because of its geographical i （隔离）, the area developed its own unique culture.Part three 单句语法填空1. Science provides (explain) for many everyday occurrences.2. When （expose）to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.3. Evidence indicates that gut microorganisms affect the way we store fat. 4. Small, independent bookstores simply can't compete the big national chains.5. (give) her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.6. It is acknowledged that Dutchman Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is the first person (see) microorganisms when studying a water droplet under his microscope.7. It is high time that timely and effective measures (take) to deal with the worsening situation.8. Although Leonardo da Vinci never published his discoveries about friction, he did apply the knowledge his designs for various tools and machine parts.9. Coffee has a history (date) back to at least the 9th century and has been a catalyst for social interaction across cultures and eras.10. This suggestion did not fit very well with our (exist) plans. 11. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay (raise）by 20 percent. 12. It is essential that everyone  (prepare) for emergency. Part four翻译下列短语3学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 为.不可见2 没有必要做某事3 以意想不到的方式4 因此5 导致诸如像.的问题6 摆脱健康问题7 使对.有新的认知8 彻底改变我们对.的理解9 对.产生深深的迷恋10 绝不容易11 经过反复的试验12 呈现出多种多样的形状13 天生14 在自然界中搜寻有创意的想法15 激发创造力16 不遗余力去做某事17 为.提供解决方案18 逐渐意识到19 与人类的需求相适应20 抵消Part five 翻译下列句子1. Our very first birthday gift-three quarters of the essential microorganisms we need to survive and grow-is from our mother when we are born.2. Every day, the resident microorganisms in our body compete with the invading ones, preventing them from getting a foothold, thus helping form a strong immune system and keep us healthy.3. If we stay up all night or travel rapidly through many time zones, we may interrupt the microorganisms biological schedules, which is likely to cause a disturbance in our normal sleep routine. 4. Besides helping digest food, evidence indicates that gut microorganisms affect the way we store fat and respond to chemicals that make us feel hungry or full.5. Perfected over billions of years, natures forms and functions have inspired us to imitate it and develop materials and technologies that improve our lives.6. The wings of these butterflies are covered with tiny diamond-shaped structures that interact with light, causing some colour wavelengths to be canceled out while intensifying and reflecting others. 7. 要是没有他坚持不懈的努力，我们对于雪花结构的理解不会已经彻底改变(but for)。8. 我宁愿没有被告知过真相would rather; inform）。9. 吉姆在微笑，好像他对此一无所知 (as if) 10. 即使我当时很忙，我也会帮你的（even if） Part six语法填空There are about 39 trillion microorganisms living in and on our body, most of 1. are actually good for our health. Three quarters of the microorganisms essential for our 2. (survive) and growth are from our mother. By the age of two, we have collected our own microorganisms 3. (reflect) the various circumstances of our lives. Due to our further exposure to foreign microorganisms, a part of our microbiome will change but our core set of microorganisms remain stable.Invisible and small 4. these microorganisms are, they influence our body and mind greatly. Physically, the resident microorganisms in our body compete with the invading ones, thus improving our immune system. 5. (cognitive), gut microorganisms affect how well the brain functions. For example, our physical discomfort can cause some gut microorganisms to respond negatively and release harmful substances. When these substances 6. (attack) by the immune system, healthy brain nerve cells might be killed. Furthermore, gut microorganisms can produce certain chemicals to regulate brain chemistry. 7. imbalance of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the gut can have negative effects on brain and chemistry.8. (give) their importance, scientists are working hard to find out how we can take advantage of microorganisms within the field of human health. Microorganisms have surprised us with their seemingly 9. (limit) potential. This invisible and mysterious microuniverse remains 10. (explore) further. Part seven 阅读理解Q:Plants are living things. Can they feel pain?A:Plants don't feel pain the same way animals and people do. What we define as pain usually has to do with a nervous system. When you put your hand too close to a hot stove, nerve cells send an alert to your brain. Your brain interprets that signal as burning pain, which causes you to pull your hand away before any serious damage is done. Plants don't have nerves or brains, but they definitely do recognize when something is hurting them. And since they can't run away, they need other ways of fighting back.Some plants discourage animals from chewing on them by growing thorns or sharp little hairs. Other plants produce bad-tasting or even toxic chemicals, forcing a would-be attacker to abandon its meal. But a plant called bittersweet nightshade does something even more clever: when a snail chews holes in this plant's leaves, liquid begins dripping out. As this sugary liquid happens to attract ants, they would swarm all over the injured plant and attack anything that stands in their way-including the snail. In short, plants may look like passive victims, but they have armies of cold-blooded killers ready to fight for them.Q:Why is it harder to sleep in different places than where you normally sleep?A:Your family drove ten hours to your aunt's house, and you're ready to collapse on the bed in the guest room. But even though you're so tired, you can't fall asleep. And finally, when you do drift off, you're wide awake just an hour later. Sleep researchers call this the“first night effect'". This phenomenon can be seen in animals as well, so scientists think it is the result of a very old process inside your brain, dating back millions of years. It's all about safety: when you're in your own bed, your brain knows it's home. You can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep. But when you're in an unfamiliar place, part of your brain stays slightly attentive to make sure there are no dangers around. What's that sound? Is it dangerous? It wakes up the rest of the brain to keep you alert and ready to escape if you need to. And the more you wake up, the harder it becomes to relax and go back to sleep.But there's good news: for most of us, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe again. And finally, we can drift off to a full night's sleep!1. Why does the author write about burning pain in para.2?A. To emphasize the uniqueness of plants.B. To illustrate the human nervous system.C. To give a definition of pain.D. To help readers better understand his point.2. What does the underlined phrase “cold-blooded killers” in para.3 refer to?A. Ants. B. Snails C. Plants' self-protective ways. D. Plant-chewing animals.3. Which of the following can be a cause of the “first night effect'"?A. Your brain knows it is home.B. Part of your brain stays awake for safety.C. You relax and fall into a deep sleep.D. You make sure there's no danger around.4. How does the author explain the“first night effect'?A. By asking questions.B. By using statistics. C. By analyzing the science behind it.D. By comparing different sleep patter